Sayansi ya zamankhwala yakhala ikudziŵa kuti kukhalabe pansi pambuyo pa ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) (matenda a mtima) ndilo vuto lalikulu la imfa yoyamba. Anthu omwe amapanga ndondomeko ya kukonzanso mtima ya mtima pambuyo pa matenda a mtima, ndiyeno amapitiriza kuchita pokhapokha pokhapokha pulogalamu yamakono yowonongeka, ikudziwika bwino kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali kusiyana ndi anthu omwe atsala (kapena kukhala osatetezeka).
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ochita masewero olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse amatsindika ndi madokotala amene amachiza odwala ndi matenda a mitsempha yam'mimba (CAD) .
Lingaliro lakuti pakhoza kukhala chinthu chochuluka ngati "chochuluka" kuchita masewera pambuyo pa matenda a mtima ndi atsopano. Kapena, ndilo lingaliro latsopano la lingaliro lakale - zaka 50 zapitazo odwala matenda a mtima amachiritsidwa kawirikawiri ndi masabata ogona, ndipo chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala osalimba. Kuti pangakhale chinthu chonga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pambuyo povutitsidwa ndi mtima mwa pepala lofufuzira lomwe likupezeka mu August 2014 ku Mayo Clinical Proceedings . Papepalali akuwonetsa kuti, ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pamapeto pa matenda a mtima kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha imfa, phindu la kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi lingayambe kusinthidwa pokhapokha ngati pakhomo linafika.
Mwapadera, olemba amati, opulumuka ku matenda a mtima omwe amathamanga kuposa makilomita 31 pa sabata, kapena omwe amayenda mofulumira kwambiri kuposa makilomita 46 pa sabata, amatha kufa kuposa othamanga (kapena oyendayenda) omwe amachita zochepa kuposa ndalamazo .
(Komabe, akadali bwino kwambiri kusiyana ndi opulumuka ku matenda a mtima omwe amakhala pansi.)
Umboni wa Kupewa Kulimbitsa Thupi
Umboni umenewu umachokera ku National Runners 'Health Study ndi National Walkers' Health Study. Maphunzirowa analembetsa anthu oposa 100,000, omwe anadzaza mndandanda wa mayankho okhudza mbiri yawo ya zamankhwala ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
Mwa ophunzirawa, amuna 924 ndi abambo 631 adanena kuti anali ndi vuto la mtima, ndipo awa ndiwo anthu omwe anaphatikizidwa mu phunziro lomwe tikukambirana.
Nawa omwe afufuzi anapeza. Atatsatiridwa kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi, ophunzira omwe adathamanga makilomita asanu ndi atatu pa sabata kapena amayenda makilomita khumi ndi awiri pa sabata (yomwe ili kutali kwambiri komwe munthu angakwaniritse omwe akutsatira ndondomeko yowononga mtima), anachepetsa matenda awo a mtima -kuphatikizapo kufa kwa 21 peresenti, poyerekeza ndi opulumuka a mtima wodwalayo. Kufa kunachepetsedwa ndi 24% kwa anthu omwe ankathamanga makilomita 8 mpaka 16 kapena kuyenda makilomita 12-23 pa sabata; ndi 50% kwa iwo omwe adathamanga makilomita 16-24 kapena kuyenda 23-34 mailosi pa sabata; ndipo ndi 63% kwa anthu omwe adathamanga makilomita 24-31 kapena amayenda makilomita 34-46 pa sabata.
Komabe, omwe anapulumuka ku matenda a mtima omwe adawapangitsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mpaka athamanga makilomita oposa 31 kapena amayenda makilomita oposa makumi asanu ndi atatu pa sabata, kuchepetsa kufala kwa 12% anthu omwe "amangokhala" atsata ndondomeko yamakono. Kotero, kuchokera ku phunziro lino, zikuwoneka kuti kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zomwe mumachita pambuyo pa matenda a mtima kumapindulitsa kwambiri - mpaka kufika pamtima. Koma kupyola pamenepo - kamodzi kowoneka kuti masewero olimbitsa thupi akufikira - phindu la kufa kwa ntchitoyi limayamba kusintha.
Olemba a mkonzi omwe akupezeka m'magazini yomweyo ya Mayo Clinical Proceedings amati mwina pali "chinthu chovulaza mtima," momwe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kungachepetse thanzi la mtima (mwinamwake popanga ziphuphu zakuda mu mtima ndi motero mtima wamtima ). Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti pakhoza kukhala chinthu chotere "chochita" kwambiri, makamaka mwa anthu omwe akuvutika ndi mtima.
Kodi Zimenezi Ndi Zoona?
Zingakhale zowona kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi atatha kupweteka kwa mtima kungapindule kwambiri phindu limene mumapindula mwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Komabe, pali zochepa zofunika pa phunziro lino zomwe zimafuna kuti tiyikire mfundo zake.
Choyamba, phunziro ili linapangidwa ndi mafunso okha. Tifunika kutenga mawu a ophunzira kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo makamaka chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti anali ndi vuto la mtima. (Nthawi zina madokotala amagwiritsira ntchito mawu akuti "matenda a mtima" mosasamala komanso moyenera , ndipo odwala awo angachokepo ndi maganizo olakwika.) Kotero pamlingo winawake, kulondola kwa deta palokha kungakayike. Izi, ndithudi, ndi zolepheretsa mwachibadwa za maphunziro alionse a zamankhwala omwe amadalira kokha pa mafunso okhudzana ndi deta yake.
Mwina chofunika kwambiri ndi kupeza komwe kumawonekera pamene wina akuwona tebulo la deta lofalitsidwa ndi nkhaniyo. Kuchokera pa tebulolo, zikuwonekera kuti opulumuka ku matenda a mtima omwe adathamanga makilomita oposa 31 pa sabata anali, pafupipafupi, ochepa kwambiri kuposa anthu omwe ankathamanga pang'ono. Ndipotu, anali ndi zaka 51 zokha. Komanso, zikuoneka kuti anazunzika mtima kwa zaka 13 asanalowe mu phunziroli, kapena (pafupipafupi) ali ndi zaka 38. Olemba nkhaniyi samayankhula molunjika tanthauzo la chisokonezo cha m'badwo uno.
Koma tikudziwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mtima wam'nyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi CAD, ndipo matenda awo amatha kukhala ovuta komanso ovuta kwambiri kuposa odwala omwe ali ndi CAD. Kotero, mwinamwake kuwonjezeka kwa chivundi kuwonetsedwa mwa anthu omwe anathamanga makilomita oposa 31 pa sabata sizinayambidwe ndi zochitika konse. Mmalo mwake, mwinamwake awa anali osiyana chabe odwala matenda a mtima.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Mitu yomwe inafalikira chifukwa cha phunziroli imati "Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri atatha kupweteka kwa mtima kungakuphe!" Ngakhale zitakhala zoona kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri atatha kupweteka kwa mtima kungachepetse phindu la zochitikazo , Tifunika kusunga zinthu zingapo m'maganizo pamene tikuganizira zomwe phunziroli likutanthauza.
Choyamba, phunziro ili silikutsimikizira chirichonse; Ndi phunziro lopanda ungwiro kwambiri kuti lichite china chilichonse kusiyana ndi kupanga chidziwitso chatsopano chomwe chiyenera kuyesedwa m'mayesero am'tsogolo.
Chachiwiri, "zovuta zolimbitsa thupi" zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikupezeka mu phunziro ili, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka pambuyo pa matenda a mtima, alidi apamwamba kwambiri. Aliyense amene akuthamanga makilomita oposa 31 kapena kuyenda makilomita makumi asanu ndi atatu pa sabata mwinamwake wapanga kukonzanso moyo wawo wonse pamayendedwe awo. Kupulumuka kwapang'ono kwambiri kwa mtima kumakhala kosavuta kulikonse kumene kulibe chifukwa chodandaulira.
Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu kuti pali chinthu chotere chochita masewera olimbitsa thupi pambuyo poyambitsa matenda a mtima, phunziroli likutsimikiziranso kachiwiri kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pambuyo pa matenda a mtima - ngakhale magulu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe ambiri opulumuka ku mtima samatha kuyesetsa - likugwirizana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa zotsatira za mtima. Kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi, phunziro ili likutsimikizira, ndilofunika kwambiri ku thanzi lanu pambuyo pa matenda a mtima.
Zotsatira:
Williams PT, Thompson PD. Kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a mtima wokhudzana ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi opulumuka mtima. Mayo Clinic 2014; DOI: 10.1016 / j.mayocp.2014.05.006.
O'Keefe JH, Franklin B, Lavie CJ. Kuchita zofuna zaumoyo ndi moyo wautali ndi zotsatira zapamwamba: Zosiyana zosiyana ndi zolinga zosiyana. Mayo Clinic 2014; DOI: 10.1016 / j.mayocp.2014.07.007.