Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a dementia. Zina zimayambitsa zowonongeka, monga kupweteka kwa mutu, mankhwala ena, ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Zifukwa zina sizitha kusinthika ndikudziŵa mtundu wa chifuwa cha wodwalayo chomwe chingathandize odwala kuti asamalire bwino chisamaliro chawo.
Matenda a Alzheimer
Alzheimer's ndiyomwe imayambitsa matenda a maganizo. Zimakhala pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu aliwonse a matenda a maganizo a dementia .
Matenda a Alzheimer ndi matenda opitirirabe omwe amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mapuloteni mu ubongo monga mawonekedwe ndi mitsempha.
Asayansi akuyesabe kuti adziwe chomwe chimachititsa Alzheimer's. Kukula msinkhu, mbiri ya banja , ndi zina zomwe zimachitika monga kusuta kumawoneka kuti zimayambitsa chiopsezo cha munthu kuti akhale ndi Alzheimer's.
2. Vascular Dementia
Vuto la dementia ndilochiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a dementia. Zimachokera ku kuchepetsedwa kwa magazi kupita ku ubongo kuchokera ku mitsempha yazing'ono kapena yodzaza mitsempha ya magazi imene imalepheretsa maselo a mpweya wofunikira kwambiri wa oksijeni ndi zakudya. Matenda a dementia angayambidwe ndi zilonda zing'onozing'ono, kupweteka kwakukulu, matenda a shuga, kapena matenda oopsa.
3. Frontotemporal Dementia
Kuthamangitsidwa kwa maganizo kwapathengo (FTD) ndi chizindikiro cha atrophy , kapena kutayika, kwa lobes ndipakati pa nthawi yomwe palibe ubongo wa Alzheimer's. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika kuposa matenda a Alzheimer omwe akuyamba pakati pa zaka 35 mpaka 75.
Amakula mofulumira kuposa Alzheimer's ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa ya moyo. FTD ikhoza kukhala ndi chiyanjano cha chibadwa koma asayansi sakudziwabe chifukwa chenichenicho.
FTD imapereka mphatso ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe, kawirikawiri ngati khalidwe losayenera kapena khalidwe laumwini. Mavuto a kulankhula, otchedwa aphasia , ndi ena omwe akufotokozera FTD.
4. Lewy Body Dementia
Lewy thupi la dementia, lomwe limatchulidwa kuti Friederich H. Lewy, yemwe anayamba kufotokozera za ndalamazo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, amakhala ndi mapuloteni alpha-synuclein mkati mwa maselo a ubongo. Ngakhale zizindikiro zambiri za Lewy Thupi la Demotiyo limafanana ndi Alzheimer's, zizindikiro zitatu zimasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya dementia: ziwonetsero zomveka bwino, zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana kapena kusokonezeka kwakukulu.
5. Matenda a Parkinson
Matenda a Parkinson ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a mitsempha mu ubongo omwe amapangitsa ubongo wofunika kwambiri wa dopamine. Dopamine amagwira ntchito ngati mankhwala amtundu wa ubongo mu ubongo, kuwonetsetsa kuyenda kosalala komanso kosavuta. Popanda dopamine, ubongo sungathe kulankhulana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asathenso kuthetsa kusuntha kwa thupi.
Pazipita patsogolo, Parkinson ikhoza kugwiritsira ntchito zidziwitso , zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lotha kukumbukira, mavuto ndi kulingalira, kupanga chisankho, ndi kuthetsa mavuto, ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Dementia imapezeka pafupifupi 20% mpaka 60% a odwala matenda a Parkinson.
6. Matenda a Huntington
Matenda a Huntington ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe kawirikawiri amapezeka m'ma 30s kapena 40s. Zimadziwika ndi kayendetsedwe kosasinthasintha, kusokonezeka maganizo komanso kuwonongeka kwa maganizo.
Ndi matenda a Huntington, kuwonongeka kwa maganizo kwapabanja ndi vuto laumphaŵi kumabweretsa zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa. Ana omwe ali ndi kholo limodzi omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi jini la Huntington ali ndi mwayi wokwana 50% wokhala ndi matenda omwewo.
7. HIV / AIDS
HIV / AIDS ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kudzera mwa kukhudzana ndi magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena thupi lake. Edzi yolimbana ndi matenda a Edzi angagwirizane ndi CD4 + T-cell count nadir komanso nthawi yomwe imateteza thupi lawo. Pambuyo pa mankhwala ochepetsa antiretroviral, matenda okhudzana ndi matenda a Edzi ogwirizanitsidwa ndi Edzi anali okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa CD4 + komanso kuchuluka kwa mavairasi. Tsopano, ndi mankhwala othandiza ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV omwe amalepheretsa kupita patsogolo kwa HIV ndi Edzi , odwala amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali ndipo sakugonjetsedwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Odwalawa akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chotenga matenda okhudzana ndi matenda a Edzi pamene akulamba
Zizindikiro za matenda a Edzi omwe ali ndi matenda a Edzi zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro, kuiwala, kuchepetsa, mavuto ndi kusamvana, komanso kuganiza bwino.
8. Creutzfeldt-Jakob matenda (CJD)
Ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti Matenda a Mad Cow , matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) amayamba chifukwa cha ziphuphu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ubongo umatha kugwira ntchito. CJD ikhoza kukhala ndi chibadwa chogwirizanitsa koma zochitika zambiri zimakhala zosawerengeka popanda chifukwa chodziwika. Milandu ina ingakhale chifukwa cha kuwonetsedwa kwa zipangizo zachipatala zosakhudzidwa panthawiyi. Kuvutika maganizo kwa CJD kawirikawiri kumapita mofulumira kwa miyezi ingapo ndipo kumakhudza mavuto, chidwi, chilakolako, masomphenya ndi kugwirizana.
Zotsatira:
Matenda ovutika maganizo. Alzheimer's Association. November 21, 2007.
http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_vascular_dementia.asp.
Gilliland, M. Dementia J Pract Nurs. 2007 Zima; 57 (4): 5-13; funso 14-6.
Marie-Florence Shadlen, MD ndi Eric B Larson, MD, MPH. Syndromes ya Dementia . UpToDate.com
Alexander W Thompson, MD, MBA, Andrew A Pieper, MD, PhD, ndi Glenn J Treisman, MD, PhD. Dementia ndi delirium odwala kachilombo ka HIV . UpToDate.com.