Matenda a Alzheimer's disease ndi matenda osokoneza ubongo. Kumvetsetsa momwe ubongo wa Alzheimer umasiyana ndi ubongo wabwino kumatipatsa ife kuzindikira. Zingatithandize kuthana bwino ndi kusintha komwe kumachitika kwa okondedwa athu chifukwa cha matendawa.
Mu matenda a Alzheimers , maonekedwe a ubongo wa Alzheimer ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo wamba.
Matenda a khunyu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbali iyi ya ubongo imatha ndipo izi zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo wa ubongo. Khungu la ubongo ndilo kunja kwa ubongo. Icho chiri ndi udindo pa ntchito zonse zaluntha. Pali kusintha kwakukulu kwakukulu komwe kumapezeka mu ubongo wa autopsy:
- Kuchuluka kwa ubongo m'kati mwa ubongo (gyri) kwacheperachepera
- Mipata yomwe imapezeka mu ubongo (sulci) imakula kwambiri.
Microscopically pali ubongo wambiri mu ubongo nayenso.
Zomwe zikuluzikulu ziwiri zomwe zapezeka mu ubongo wa Alzheimer ndi mapulaneti a amyloid ndi mitsempha ya ubongo. Mabala a Amyloid amapezeka kunja kwa neurons, mapepala a mphuno amapezeka mkati mwa neurons. Neurons ndi maselo a mitsempha mkati mwa ubongo.
Mipanga ndi makina amapezeka mu ubongo wa anthu opanda Alzheimer's. Ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri mu matenda a Alzheimer's.
Udindo wa mapulani a Amyloid
Mapulogalamu a Amyloid amapezeka kwambiri ndi mapuloteni otchedwa B-amyloid mapuloteni omwe ali mbali ya mapuloteni akuluakulu otchedwa APP (amyloid precursor protein). Izi ndi amino acid.
Sitikudziwa chomwe APP ikuchita. Koma tikudziwa kuti APP imapangidwa mu selo, yotumizidwa ku memphane ndipo kenako inathyoledwa.
Njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa APP (mapuloteni apulojekiti amadzimadzi). Njira imodzi ndi yachibadwa ndipo imabweretsa mavuto. Chachiwiri chimabweretsa kusintha komwe kumawoneka mu Alzheimer ndi ena a maganizo ena.
Kuwonongeka kwa Njira Zowononga Kuwononga kwa Alzheimer
Mu njira yachiwiri yophulika APP imagawidwa ndi michere B-secretase (B = beta) ndiye y-secretase (y = gamma). Zina mwa zidutswa (zotchedwa peptides) zotsatirazi zimamatirana palimodzi ndikupanga kayendedwe kaifupi kotchedwa oligomer. Oligomers amadziwikanso monga ADDL, mavitamini omwe amachokera ku amyloid-beta. Oligomers a beta amyloid 42 awonetsedwa kuti amachititsa mavuto mu kulankhulana pakati pa neurons. Beta ya Amyloid 42 imapanganso tizilombo tating'onoting'onoting'ono, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Akamamatirana amapanga chipika cha amyloid. Zina mwazigawozi zimatha kulowa mu memphane ya selo ya neuron imene imayambitsa zinthu kunja kwa selo kuti igweremo, kuwonongeke. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Amyloid tizilombo toyambitsa matenda 42 tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo ndi imfa.
Udindo wa Matanthwe a Neurofibrillary
Chiwiri chachiwiri chomwe chimapezeka mu ubongo wa Alzheimer ndizokambirana za ubongo. Matenda a neurofibrillary amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni otchedwa tau mapuloteni.
Mapuloteni a Tau amagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pa kapangidwe kake. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mapuloteni a Alzheimer amachititsa zachilendo kudzera m'mayendedwe amphamvu kwambiri omwe amachititsa kuti mapangidwe a mapuloteni asokonezeke. Matenda a neurofibrillary amachititsa imfa ya maselo.
Chidule cha ubongo wa Alzheimers
Udindo wa mapulogalamu a amyloid ndi matenda a ubongo pamagwiridwe a ubongo sungamvetsetse bwino. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimers amasonyeza umboni wa zipilala ndi zovunda, koma chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi zipika za Alzheimer ndi ena omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zokhazokha.
Anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha Alzheimers okha amasonyeza kuchepa kwa pang'onopang'ono m'miyoyo yawo.
Anthu omwe ali ndi mitsempha ya ubongo amawoneka kuti ali ndi matenda a maganizo a frontotemporal .
Kafukufuku wa matenda a Alzheimer akufufuza zambiri zokhudza momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito komanso ubongo wake. Pamene tikudziŵa zambiri za udindo wa zolemba ndi zolembera zomwe zili mu ubongo wa Alzheimers, timayandikira kwambiri kuphulika ndi chithandizo cha matenda a Alzheimer.