Kodi kukambirana kwa boma ndi makampani opanga mankhwala kungawononge ndalama?
Mtengo wa mankhwala ukuwonjezeka. Mu 2014, Achimereka akhala oposa 12 peresenti pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kusiyana ndi chaka cha 2002. Izi ndizochitika, kodi pali chilichonse chimene mungachite kuti mupereke mankhwala ochepa ? Kodi pali njira iliyonse imene boma lingathandizire ?
Mitengo ndi Makampani a Mankhwala
Zambiri zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zitha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nthaŵi zina, pakhoza kukhala zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa mankhwala amapezeka.
Nthawi zina, mankhwala akhoza kukhala okhawo a mtundu wake kuti athetse vuto linalake. M'mayeserowa, pangakhale kuwonjezeka kufunikira komanso ndalama zina zowonjezera mankhwala.
Makampani azachipatala angapangitsenso mitengo ya mankhwala phindu. Dokotala wa Turing anatsutsana mu 2015 pa Daraprim (pyrimethamine), mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana ndi AIDS ndi toxoplasmosis ndi matenda ena opatsirana. Martin Shkreli, mkulu wa kampaniyo, anagula chilolezo cha mankhwalawa ndipo anawonjezera mtengo wa mankhwala oposa 5,500 peresenti, kuchokera pa $ 13.50 mpaka $ 750 piritsi.
Makampani a zamankhwala amanena kuti mtengo wapamwamba ndi wofunika kuti ndalama zowonjezera zopititsa patsogolo ndi zopangidwe zisinthe. Popanda kufufuza nthawi zonse, anthu amatha kudwala matenda ochiritsidwa.
Mankhwala Ogwiritsira Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Ambiri M'mayiko akunja
Mu mgwirizano wa mayiko, palibe malamulo omwe angapewe kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mankhwala a Medicare.
Boma la federal likusiya mitengo yamtengo wapatali kuti ikhale yamakono akale komanso mgwirizano wamsika.
Ndalama za mankhwala zimayendetsedwa mosiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri mumawona kuti mankhwala omwewo ogulitsidwa kwa amwenye angakhale ochepa kwambiri m'mayiko ena.
| Mankhwala | Canada | United Kingdom | United States |
|---|---|---|---|
| Advair (kwa asthma) | $ 74.12 | $ 46.99 | $ 309.60 |
| Crestor (kwa mkulu wa cholesterol) | $ 32.10 | $ 25.80 | $ 216.00 |
| Humira (chifukwa cha nyamakazi ya nyamakazi) | $ 1,164.32 | $ 1,157.53 | $ 3,430.82 |
| Januvia (chifukwa cha shuga) | $ 68.10 | $ 48.00 | $ 330.60 |
| Lantus (kwa shuga) | $ 67.00 | $ 63.65 | $ 372.75 |
Anthu ena amaganiza kuti zingakhale bwino kugula mankhwala ochokera m'mayiko ena monga njira yochepetsera ndalama koma Medicare sakuwona momwemo. Medicare salipira kulipira mankhwala aliwonse omwe adagula kunja kwa United States.
Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini
Makampani ambiri a zamankhwala amawononga mtengo wapamwamba koma amatsutsana ndi ndalamazo popereka mankhwala amphoni ndi mphotho. Vuto liripo pali malamulo omwe amalepheretsa anthu ambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kuchotsera.
Pali lamulo loletsa kutsutsa mkati mwa Social Security Act. Limanena kuti munthu kapena bungwe silingathe kupereka chithandizo kwa wina pobwezera kapena kubweza zomwe zingatenge ndalama ku mapulogalamu a Federal. Mankhwala, mwatsoka, alowa mu gawo ili. Izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito Medicare sangagwiritse ntchito mwayi wa mankhwalawa.
Ma Coupons ndi vocha amalimbikitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pa mankhwala oposa mtengo. Pokhapokha mphothoyo ikapanda kupezeka, boma lidzasiyidwa kuti lilipire njira ina yowonjezera mtengo kuposa ngati wodwalayo adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakwera mtengo. Lamulo lotsutsa-kutsutsa likuyenera kuteteza boma ku ntchito zonyenga koma potsiriza limakhudza ogula.
Kuyankhulana ndi Makampani a Mankhwala
Ngati odwala sangapeze kuchotsera mwachindunji ku makampani opanga mankhwala, kodi boma liyenera kukambirana za mitengo yapansi ya mankhwala m'malo mwawo? Yankho lodabwitsa ndilokuti ali kale. Kwa Medicaid, makampani ali ndi udindo wopereka ziphuphu zamtengo wa mankhwala. Kwa Veterans Administration (VA), makampani osokoneza bongo ayenera kulipira mtengo wotsika kwambiri omwe amapereka kwa aliyense payekha. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mankhwala operekedwa kudzera m'maboma enawa ndi otchipa kuposa Medicare.
Nchifukwa chiyani izi sizingatheke ku Medicare nayenso?
Medicaid ili ndi chiwerengero chimodzi m'mayiko onse.
The VA ali ndi formulary imodzi. Izi siziri choncho pakudza Medicare. Gawo D mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayendetsedwa ndi makampani a inshuwalansi. Chofunika kwambiri, awa inshuwalansi akufuna kupanga phindu.
Izi zimabweretsa mavuto kwa boma. Choyamba, ziyenera kusintha malamulo omwe sakuphatikizapo boma kuti lipite ku Medicare mtengo wa mankhwala. Chachiwiri, iwo ayenera kusankha momwe angapititsire ndi kukambirana. Kodi boma lingathe bwanji kuyendetsa makampani ambiri pamene mankhwala osiyanasiyana akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji? Kodi zingasinthe momwe angapangidwire? Kodi izi zikutanthawuza chiwerengero cha chilengedwe chonse? Ndi mitundu yanji ya mankhwala yomwe iyenera kuyendetsa? Kodi zingapangitsenso kukonzanso gawo la D?
Ichi ndi mtsutso wokhazikika ndi wina amene akuleredwa mu ndale. Bungwe la Congressional Budget Office likusonyeza kuti kuyankhulana kwa ndalama sizingakhudzire kwambiri ndalama za boma. Icho sichiri yankho ambiri Achimerika akufuna kuti amve. Okalamba ambiri akuvutika kupeza mankhwala pa nthawi yomwe akufunikira kwambiri chithandizo chamankhwala. Chinachake chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti chichepetse mtengo wotsika wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'dziko lathu.
Zotsatira:
Kubanski J, Neuman T. Kufunafuna Kusungira ku Medicare Kuyankhula kwa Mtengo wa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. http://kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/searching-for-savings-in-medicare-drug-price-negotiations/. Lofalitsidwa pa February 9, 2016.
Langreth R, Migliozzi B, Gokhale K. US akupereka zambiri zowonjezera mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuposa mayiko ena. Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-drug-prices/. Idasindikizidwa December 18, 2015.
Ofesi ya Inspector General. Makampani Opanga Zamakono Opanga Mabotolo. http://oig.hhs.gov/fraud/docs/alertsandbulletins/2014/SAB_Copayment_Coupons.pdf. Lofalitsidwa September 2014.
Pollack A. Mankhwala Amachokera pa $ 13.50 a Tablet ku $ 750, Loweruka. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/business/a-huge-overnight-increase-in-a-drugs-price-raises-protests.html?_r=0. Lofalitsidwa pa September 20, 2015.
Shih C, Schwartz J, Coukell A. Kodi Gulu Lidzakambirana Bwanji za Medicare Part D Mankhwala Ogwiritsira Ntchito Mankhwala? Health Blog. http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2016/02/01/how-would-government-negotiation-of-medicare-part-d-drug-prices-work/. Lofalitsidwa pa February 1, 2016.