Tanthauzo:
Kusiyanitsa kumatanthauza mndandanda wa masitepe omwe selo likudutsa kuti akhwime. Monga selo ikukula, ikuyamba kusonyeza cholinga chake ndi ntchito yake mu thupi la munthu, njira yotchedwa kusiyana.
Maselo angakhale aang'ono chifukwa akukula mofulumira kuchokera pachiyambi chatsopano, monga kukula kwa mwana m'mimba; koma maselo omwe sakhala osiyana amakhalanso ndi akuluakulu - mwachitsanzo, mu ziwalo ndi ziwalo zomwe nthawi zonse zimalowetsa maselo akale, monga mafupa.
Maselo osiyanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi omwe timaphunzira pa biology yeniyeni: maselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo a ubongo kapena neuroni kapena maselo a minofu, mwachitsanzo. Kusiyanitsa ndi njira yomwe imapangidwira tsogolo lachilombo, limatengera mbali yapadera ya selo ndi zotsatira za zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizana ndi cholinga cha selo wamkulu. Selo la khungu silisiyana ndi selo la magazi, mwachitsanzo. Selo lokhwima, lodziwika bwino limakhala ndi gawo lapadera lomwe liyenera kusewera, ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala ndi chiwalo kapena minofu kumene imakhala.
Kusiyana kwa khansa
Mu khansara, njira yosiyanitsira siyikuchitika kawirikawiri. Selo la khansa lingakhale lopanda kusiyana, lingakhale lochepetseka ndipo silikhoza kugwira ntchito komanso maselo ozungulira. Ndipotu, nthawi zina maselowa ndi osiyana kwambiri moti, poyang'ana microscope, samawoneka ngati maselo omwe anawapanga kuchokera.
Achipatala ndi madokotala omwe amaphunzitsidwa kuyesa maselo ndi ziphuphu, monga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsanzo za biopsy, kutsimikiza za matenda. Zikuoneka kuti akatswiri a zachipatala ankadalira kwambiri zomwe zimatchedwa morphology - momwe maselo amawonekera pansi pa microscope: kukula, mawonekedwe kapena kulemera kwa mtundu pamene utoto wapadera ndi madontho anagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Izi zikuchitidwabe, ndipo zimapereka mfundo zofunika zokhudzana ndi kusiyana, koma tsopano pali mayesero ena omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mayeserowa akhoza kudziwa malekyulo apadera kunja kwa maselo omwe nthawi zina angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokozera momwe selo lilili kusiyana kwambiri.
Kusiyanitsa mu Khansa ya Magazi
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lymphomas ndi kuti maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi ali ndi magawo ambiri a chitukuko, kusiyana ndi kusasitsa. Ngati munaphunzirapo kukula kwa maselo a magazi, kapena hematopoiesis , mukudziwa kuti si chinthu chophweka - pali magawo angapo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo atsopano.
Pankhani ya khansa ya magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi kapena lymphoma , maselo oyera a khansa yoyera khansa kapena ma lymphocytes amasiyana ndi momwe "amasiyanitsira bwino". Pamene khansa imachitika, nthawi zambiri "imatseka" selo - ndi ana ake onse omwe ali ndi khansa - kumalo a chitukuko komwe khansa inayamba.
Maselo osiyanitsidwa molakwika akhoza kukhala ofanana ndi maselo oyambirira omwe adayamba nawo, koma sangathe kuchita ntchito zonse zomwe amayembekezera kuti maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi asapitirire. Maselo omwe sali osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe sakhala okhwima, amakula mofulumira, komanso amapezeka kuti amatha kukhala ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy.
Maselo ofunika kwambiri amafanana ndi maselo okhwima ndipo amagawanitsa ndikukula pang'onopang'ono. Maselo owopsa omwe amasiyanitsidwa bwino, monga awo omwe amadziwika nawo, amayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono.
Nthawi zina, zambiri zokhudzana ndi kusiyana zimatha kuwonetsa chidziwitso cha mankhwala. Kawirikawiri, "kusiyana kwakukulu" kumatanthawuzira kwa khansa ya m'munsi, pamene "kusasinthasintha" kumatanthauzira kuipa koyambirira.
Kusiyana ndi Kuika Magazi a Khansa
Machitidwe ambiri amagawuni akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa khansa ya magazi pazaka.
Gawo lachilengedwe, gulu la World Health Organisation (WHO) la 2008, limaganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti lizindikire mtundu wa malungo, ndipo kusiyana ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu izi.
Ngati n'kotheka, maulamuliro awa amagawidwa ndi "mzere" wawo mwa:
- Mayelo a myeloid
- Lymphoid neoplasms
- Matenda a histiocytic / dendritic
Kusiyana pakati pa mzere uliwonse n'kofunikanso. Mwachitsanzo, maimfimasi ndi khansa ya ma lymphocytes, yomwe imagwera mu mzere wa lymphoid neoplasm . Pali ma lymphocyte B ndi Tymphocytes T. Tiyerekeze kuti mukudziwa kuti khansara yanu ndi mzere wa B, womwe ndi B-cell lymphoma .
Mutha kukhala ndi maselo amphamvu a B cell lymphomas, omwe akugwirizana ndi magawo oyenera a kukula kwa maselo a B ndi kusasitsa. Mukhozanso kukhala ndi khungu lakumbuyo la B lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphomas - awa ndi khansa ya maselo omwe amadzipereka kuti akhale mamembala a banja la B-cell.
Kusiyanitsa ndi Kuchiza Khansa Yamagazi
Lymphoma yosiyana kwambiri imakhala ikukula mofulumira ndipo imakhala yotengeka ndi chemotherapy yomwe imafuna kugawa maselo mofulumira.
Chitsanzo china chosiyanitsa chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa wodwala kupindula chikupezeka mu acute promyelocytic leukemia, kapena APL. Malungowa ndi osiyana ndi mitundu ina ya AML m'njira zofunika. Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi, pamene APL maselo akuwonongedwa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, amamasula mapuloteni omwe angayambitse njira zowononga magazi kuti zichoke, zomwe zingakhale zakupha.
Asayansi anapeza kuti APL maselo akhoza kukhala ophatikizidwa kuti asandulike kukhala maselo akuluakulu a myeloid ndi mankhwala ena. Popeza coaxing iyi ndi kusiyana kwenikweni, mankhwalawa akutchedwa osiyana mitundu. Popeza kuphulika kwa mwana sikufa ndi mankhwala amtundu uwu, puloteni yovulaza imakhala mkati mwa maselo, ndipo kutseka kwake sikungatheke.
Idasinthidwa February 2016, TI.
Zotsatira:
Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, et al. Kukonzanso kwa 2008 kwa bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) la myeloid neoplasms ndi chiwindi chachikulu cha m'magazi: kusintha kwakukulu ndi kofunikira. Magazi. 2009; 114: 937.
American Cancer Society. Mankhwala ena amachititsa kuti myeloid yodwala khansa ya m'magazi ikhale yovuta. Inapezeka mu February 2016.
Gribbon, J., Loescher, L. Biology ya khansa ku Yarbro, C., Frogge, M., Goodman, M., Groenwald, S. (2000) Nursing Nursing: Mfundo ndi Zochita 5 Ed Jones ndi Bartlett: Sudbury, MA . mas. 17- 35.