Kugwiritsira ntchito "Tags" kuti muzipanga mankhwala ochiritsira
Mankhwala a CD, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma CD antigens, ndiwo mitundu yeniyeni ya mamolekyu amene amapezeka pamwamba pa maselo omwe amathandiza kusiyanitsa mtundu umodzi wa selo kuchokera ku wina. Ndipotu, oyambirira "CD" amaimira "magulu a kusiyana," dzina lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1982.
Ngakhale kuti anthu ena amadziwa ma CD4 ndi CD8, omwe amasiyanitsa maselo otetezeka a chitetezo omwe amadziwika kuti T-maselo , palibe ma antigen a CD oposa 371 omwe amatha "kuika" pafupifupi selo iliyonse ya thupi, kupereka chizindikiro chake chokha .
Zomwe Makina A CD Amatiuza
Zina mwazinthu, zizindikiro za CD zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maselo oyera a thupi opangidwa ndi thupi kuti athandize kulimbana ndi matenda. Maselo amenewa ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimagwira ntchito kuti chizindikiritse, chingafune, ndi kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mwachitsanzo, CD4 T-maselo amatchulidwa kuti "maselo othandizira" chifukwa udindo wawo ndi chizindikiro cha "wakupha" CD8 T-maselo kuti amenyane ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pozindikira mphamvuzi, asayansi angathe kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za CD osati kungoyesa momwe chiwerengero cha matenda chikuyendera (kuyesedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa nambala ya maselo) koma kuyeza mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi. Zinthu zina monga kachilombo ka HIV ndi kuikidwa kwa thupi zimakhudzana ndi kuponderezedwa kwa thupi , kutanthauza kuti thupi silingathe kukweza chitetezo cha mthupi monga chitsimikizo cha kupezeka kwa CD4 T-cells.
Asanayambe kulembedwa kwa CD, kufufuza kuti chitetezo cha munthu chimakhala chovuta kwambiri komanso chosadziwika.
Zizindikiro za CD mu Kufufuza kwa Khansa ndi Chithandizo
Kuphatikiza pa kuyang'anira matenda ndi chidziwitso cha chitetezo cha mthupi, ma antigen angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti azindikire kukula kosavuta kwa maselo otchedwa neoplasm . Maopopu amatha kukhala oopsa (osakhala khansa), owopsa (khansa), kapena ochizira, koma, monga selo lina liri lonse, ali ndi ma CD omwe asayansi angagwiritse ntchito kuti awone.
Mankhwala a CD si ofunika kwambiri pa matenda a kansa, amatha kudziwa njira zosiyanasiyana za chithandizo chomwe angapambane bwino ndi kuwona momwe chithandizochi chilili poyang'anira kusintha kwa ma CD.
Komanso, ofufuza masiku ano amatha kupanga mtundu wa mapuloteni oteteza, omwe amadziwika kuti monoclonal antibody (mAb) , omwe amafanana ndi CD antigen. Mankhwalawa amatsanzira ziwalo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thupi ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi khansa mu njira yamankhwala yotchedwa immunotherapy .
Pamene jekeseni m'thupi, maAbs akhoza kuchita mwanjira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mapangidwe awo:
- Angamangire chizindikiro cha CD pa maselo a khansa ndi kuwawononga.
- Amatha kumanga chizindikiro cha CD pa maselo a khansa ndipo amalepheretsa kubwereza, kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwawo.
- Zikhoza kupangitsa thupi kuti liziteteze ku khansayo.
Kunja kwa thupi, maAbs amagwiritsidwa ntchito popenda kuti azindikire ma antitigeni ena a CD m'magazi, minofu, kapenanso thupi.
Kuteteza Immunotherapy kwa Khansa
Matenda a monoclonal masiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda ena omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi khansa. Mphamvu zawo zimasiyana, ndipo khansa imayankha bwino kuposa ena.
Ndiko kunena kuti, kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yamagetsi kwachititsa kuti chiŵerengero chochulukitsa cha odwala matenda a immunotherapeutic adziwe. Mosiyana ndi kalembedwe kake kamene kamapangitsa maselo osamalitsa, omwe ali ndi khansa komanso abwinobwino, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi maselo okhawo omwe ali ndi CD "tag".
Zina mwa mankhwala omwe tsopano akuvomerezedwa ndi US Food Drug Administration kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu khansa immunotherapy:
- Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin) ankagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a Hodgkin lymphoma ndi aplastic lalikulu cell lymphoma
- Arzerra (ofatumumab) ankagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochepa a khansa ya m'magazi (SLL) ndi matenda aakulu a khansa ya m'magazi (CLL)
- Blincyto (blinatumomab) ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya m'magazi (ALL)
- Campath (alemtuzumab) yogwiritsira ntchito CLL
- Gazyva (obinutuzumab) yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga SLL ndi CLL
- Herceptin (trastuzumab) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita khansa zina za m'mawere ndi m'mimba
- Kadycla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita khansa ya m'mawere
- Keytruda (pembrolizumab) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi khansa ina yamutu ndi ya khosi
- Ontak (denileukin diftitox) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira lymphoma pakhungu
- Opdivo (nivolumab) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira khansa ya m'mapapo ya mitsempha ndi khansa ina yamutu ndi ya khosi
- Rituxan (rituximab) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yina ya non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
- Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya NHL
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. "Mankhwala a monoclonal kuti apeze khansa." Atlanta, Georgia; yasinthidwa mwezi wa 2017.
> Vanneman, R. ndi Dranoff, G. "Kuphatikiza ma immunotherapy ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kuchipatala." Kan Rev Cancer. 2012: 12: 237-51. DOI: 10.1038 / nrc3237.