Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu ku United States. Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, anthu oposa 29 miliyoni a ku America anali ndi matenda a shuga ndipo 86 miliyoni anali ndi matenda a shuga m'chaka cha 2012. Nambalayi ikupitirizabe kukula ndipo imakhala ndi mavuto azachipatala omwe amabwera nawo.
Matenda a shuga akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda a maso (retinopathy), matenda a mtima ( matenda a mitsempha ), matenda a impso ( nephropathy ), ndi nerve matenda ( ubongo ).
Mitengo ya chipatala chifukwa cha matenda a mtima ndi stroke ndi 1.8 ndipo 1.5 nthawi zambiri kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga kusiyana ndi omwe alibe chikhalidwe.
Matendawa amawononga America, ndi Medicare, osati mu thanzi komanso umoyo wathanzi koma madola ndi masentimita. Zikuyembekezeratu kuti ndalama zowona zachipatala zowonjezera ndalama zokwana madola 176 biliyoni ndi kuchepetsa zokolola zokwana $ 69 biliyoni mu 2013 zokha.
Kodi shuga imakugwiritsani ndalama zingati?
Medicare Screening kwa shuga
Medicare imayambitsa kuyang'ana kwa shuga kwaulere kwa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo cha chikhalidwe. Kuyesedwa kwa matendawa kungaphatikizepo kuchuluka kwa shuga , kuyesera magazi komwe kumayang'ana shuga mumagazi anu pambuyo pa maola 8 mpaka 12. Zosankha zina zimaphatikizapo mayeso ogwiritsira ntchito shuga , omwe amachititsa kuti shuga lanu la shuga lisanatuluke komanso pambuyo pake. Mankhwala a hemoglobini A1c ndi njira ina ndipo amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga wa magazi pa miyezi itatu.
Muyenera kulandira mayesero ena oyesa matenda a shuga pa miyezi 12 iliyonse ngati muli ndi zotsatirazi:
- Dyslipidemia (mkulu wa cholesterol)
- Kusamvana kwa shuga (mbiri ya kuwerenga kwa shuga kwambiri)
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi)
- Kunenepa kwambiri (chiwerengero cha misala ya thupi cha 30 kapena kuposa)
Mwinanso, mungakhale oyenerera kuwonetsetsa shuga kawiri pachaka ngati muli ndi zofunikira ziwiri zotsatirazi:
- Zaka 65 kapena kuposa
- Mbiri ya banja la matenda a shuga pachibale choyamba (makolo, abale, alongo)
- Kugonana ndi matenda a shuga (matenda a shuga pa nthawi ya mimba) kapena kupereka mwana wolemera mapaundi 9 kapena kuposa
- Kuchuluka kwa thupi (chiwerengero cha misala pakati pa 25 ndi 30)
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amatanthauza kuti shuga lanu ndi lapamwamba kwambiri kuposa lachilendo koma osati lapamwamba kuti likhale ndi matenda a shuga, Medicare idzawunikira mayesero awiri oyeza shuga chaka chilichonse.
Medicare Zophatikiza Zamagetsi
Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angafune kuti muwone shuga lanu la magazi ngati mutapezeka kuti muli ndi shuga. Izi zikhoza kukhala choncho ngati mumamwa mankhwala odzudzula kapena insulini kuti muyambe shuga lanu la magazi. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zimapindula ndi madalitso a Medicare Part B ndipo zimakupatsani kuyesa shuga lanu mwabwino. Mulipira 20 peresenti ya inshuwaransi pazinthu izi nthawi zambiri, glucometers angaperekedwe kwaulere.
- Gulisi oyang'anira
- Njira zothetsera
- Lancets
- Mapulogalamu oyesa
Nsapato zochiritsira zapadera ndi zowonjezera zingayambidwe kamodzi pachaka ndi Medicare Part B kwa omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi matenda ozunguza mutu. Nsapato izi zimapanga chikalata cha inshuwalansi 20 peresenti ndipo zimafuna mankhwala kuchokera kwa dokotala wodzivomerezedwa ndi Medicare.
Osati kokha kokha koma wogula mankhwala a nsapato zimenezo ayenera kukhala ndi mgwirizano ndi pulogalamu ya Medicare. Pofuna kutsimikiziranso zotsatira zake, Medicare amaperekanso ndalama zoyenera zovala izi ndi nsaluzi.
Kwa iwo amene amafunikira insulini, zipangizo zina ndi zina zofunika pakugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Mowa umapukuta
- Gauze pads
- Insulin pump
- Zosowa
- Mipiringi
Pokhapokha phulusa ya insulini, yomwe imakhala ngati zipangizo zamankhwala zotsalira pansi pa Medicare Part B, izi ziyenera kupangidwa ndi dongosolo lanu la mankhwala D Part D. Dongosolo lanu la mankhwala a Medicare Part D lidzaphimba mankhwala, kuphatikizapo insulini, kuti muzitha kuchiza matenda anu a shuga malinga ngati ali pa dongosolo lanu la mankhwala.
Phindu kapena co-inshuwalansi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Medicare's Management of Chiwindi
Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzafuna kuthana ndi zofunikira kuti athetse mavuto kuchokera pakukula. Pambuyo poyang'anira shuga lanu la magazi, kulongosola mankhwala, ndi kuchita kafukufuku wamakono, iwo angafunike kukutumizirani kuti muwone akatswiri ena.
- Wofilosofi (a kidney doctor): Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga okhudzana ndi shuga angathe kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo kuti athe kuchepetsa kapena kuteteza matendawa. Kuwunika kwafupipafupi kumadalira kukula kwa nephropathy ndipo kukutengerani 20 peresenti ya inshuwalansi paulendo.
- Nutritionist: Aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kupereka uphungu wothandizira payekha mankhwala ndi katswiri wa zakudya. Ulendo woyambirira ndi kufufuza kwaulere ndi ufulu ngati dokotala akulandira ntchitoyi .
- Katswiri wa zamagetsi (dokotala wa diso): Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga, amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda a shuga. Kuchokera m'mimba kumakuika pangozi ya kuchepa kwa masomphenya komanso m'matenda oopsa, khungu . Yembekezerani kulipilira 20 peresenti ya inshuwalansi ya Medicare kuti muphimbeko kamodzi kameneka kafukufuku kamodzi kamodzi kokha kamene kamayesedwa.
- Katswiri wa zachipatala (dokotala wa m'mapazi): Anthu omwe ali ndi shuga koma makamaka omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga owonongeka pamapazi awo amayeneredwa kuti ayesedwe ndi katswiri wamatenda kapena akatswiri ena odziwa bwino ntchito kawiri pachaka. Dokotala wapansi adzayang'ana kusintha kwa chisokonezo komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapazi omwe angakuike pangozi kwa zilonda zakhungu ndi zovuta zina .
Maphunzilo a magulu angaperekedwe ku sukulu yophunzitsira kudziletsa komanso maphunziro. Ntchito izi zowonongeka zimakonzedwa kwa munthu amene watulukira kachilombo ka shuga koma amapezekanso kwa wina aliyense amene ali pachiopsezo cha matendawa. M'chaka choyamba cha mautumiki, Medicare idzagwira ntchito maola khumi (1 ora limodzi pa nthawi imodzi ndi maola 9 mu magawo a gulu). M'zaka zotsatira (kuyambira chaka chimodzi cha kalendala pambuyo pa maphunziro anu oyamba), Medicare idzaphunzira maola awiri owonjezera patsiku pokhapokha ngati maphunzirowa akuchitidwa m'magulu a osachepera 30 mphindi ndikuphatikizapo anthu awiri mpaka 20 aliyense . Mu thumba, gawo lirilonse lidzagula 20 peresenti ya inshuwalansi.
Medicare Cholinga Choletsa Shuga
Centers for Medicare ndi Medicaid Services akuthandizira kupewa matenda a shuga. Cholinga cha $ 11.8 miliyoni chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi Affordable Care Act chinawonetsa pulogalamu yoyendetsa ndege ndi National Council of Young Men's Christian Associations ku United States of America (YMCA) mu 2011. Cholinga chinali kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa moyo wa nthawi yaitali komwe kumalimbikitsa kudya ndi zochitika zochitika nthawi zonse. Zotsatira zoyendetsa ndegezo zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri moti tsopano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga Programme Yopewera Shuga mu 2018.
Phunziro la oyendetsa ndege linapereka 5% ya kulemera kwa azimayi omwe ali pa chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga ndipo adachepetsa ndalama zowonongeka kwa madola 2,650 pa miyezi 15. Kusungirako kanthaŵi kochepa kuti pulogalamuyo idzadzipire yokha. Zapindulitsa, izo zikhoza kupulumutsa madola ochulukitsa kwa Medicare m'kupita kwanthawi. Thanzi la fuko lingapindule ndi njira yophweka yoteteza njirayi.
> Zotsatira:
> Lipoti la National Diabetes National Report la 2014. Maofesi a Webusaiti Yowononga ndi Kuteteza Matenda. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014StatisticsReport.html.
> Medicare Program: Zowonetsera Kulipira Malingaliro pansi pa Ndondomeko ya Malipiro a Dokotala ndi Zomwe Zikufotokozeredwa ku Gawo B la CY 2017. Zomwe Zingakuthandizeni Kuletsa Kupewa ndi Kupewa Matenda. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/11/15/2016-26668/medicare-program-revisions-to-payment-policies-under-the-physician-fee-schedule-and-other-revisions.
> Zowonjezereka za Mankhwala ndi Mapulogalamu a Matenda a Shuga. Maofesi a webusaiti ya Medicare ndi Medicaid Services. Chiwongoladzanja
> Ziwerengero za shuga. Webusaiti ya American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/.