Medicare ndi dongosolo lolipira limodzi koma kodi ndilokwanira?
Aliyense amene amakhulupirira dongosolo lachipatala la America ndilo labwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti United States imapindula kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha munthu aliyense koma imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa kwambiri za thanzi.
Kufufuzidwa ndi Commonwealth Fund makamaka kuyang'ana mayiko 11 omwe alikutukuka. Deta inasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu asanu: 1) njira yothandizira (kusamalira, kutetezedwa, kusamalidwa, komanso kuleza mtima), 2) kuyendetsa bwino, 3) kupeza (kukwanitsa komanso kukwanira), 4) kuyanjana kwa anthu otsika ndi apamwamba -kutha, ndi 5) zotsatira zaumoyo (umoyo wa anthu, imfa zomwe zimathandiza kuti azitha kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala, komanso zotsatira zathanzi).
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti dziko la US linayika 10 pazochita zogwira ntchito ndi 11 kuti athe kupeza, kulingalira, ndi zotsatira zaumoyo.
Maiko omwe adayika pamwamba pa United States pa mndandanda adali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - chisamaliro chonse cha thanzi . Funso ndi lakuti United States iyenera kutsatila mapazi awo kapena ayi.
Medicare monga Ndondomeko Yodzipira Mmodzi
Mu 2016, pulezidenti wa boma, Hillary Clinton, adanena kuti Medicare inali yolipira malipiro amodzi. Zimatanthauza chiyani?
Ndondomeko yolipira imodzi ndi imodzi pamene gulu limodzi, kawirikawiri ndi boma, limayang'anira ndikulipira ndalama zothandizira thanzi lanu. "Mphotho imodzi" nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndi mawu oti "chisamaliro chonse cha thanzi" , ngakhale kuti si chimodzimodzi chimodzimodzi.
Ku America, Medicare yakhala njira yothandizira zaumoyo yomwe tikuyang'ana pamene tikukula. Ndiwo malipiro amodzi okha chifukwa boma limapereka pulogalamu yaumoyo kudzera misonkho yomwe timalipiramo .
Izi zinati, sizinthu zonse zachipatala chifukwa sizikuphimba aliyense. M'malo mwake, ndi ochepa kwa anthu 65 kapena kuposerapo kapena kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chilema .
Mwinanso mwinamwake ndikuti pamene Medicare adayamba ngati owona-malipiro enieni, adasanduka chinthu china chachikulu.
Boma la federal limakhazikitsa mfundo zoyenera kuziphimba koma anthu angasankhe kulemba ndondomeko ya Medicare Advantage , yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi makampani a inshuwalansi, osagwirizana ndi mankhwala a Medicare, othamangitsidwa ndi boma.
Medicare kwa Onse ndi Medicare kwa Zambiri
Medicare ikhoza kufalikira ndikuperekedwa kwa onse a ku America. Mwa njira imeneyi, Medicare ingakhale chisamaliro chonse cha thanzi. Ndondomeko imeneyi inavomerezedwa ndi Senator Bernie Sanders wa Vermont ndipo adadziwika kuti Medicare for All.
Panthawi imene adayitanitsa utsogoleri wa 2016, omwe anali Mlembi wa boma, Hillary Clinton anati "Medicare kwa Zambiri" ngati njira yowonjezera Medicare. Mmalo mwa Medicare kwa Onse, iye anaganiza kuti achepetse kuchepetsa zaka za Medicare kuyambira zaka 65 mpaka 50 zakubadwa.
Kodi izi zingathandize bwanji?
Anthu a m'badwo uwu amayamba kukhala ndi matenda ambirimbiri ndipo matenda ena ambiri amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa ndalama zothandizira. Pafupifupi 87 peresenti ya anthu a ku America a zaka zapakati pa 65 ndi 74 ali ndi vuto limodzi lachipatala. Chiwerengero chikuwonjezeka kufika pa 92 peresenti kwa zaka 75 ndi zapakati. Chiwerengero chikucheperachepera 72 peresenti pamene tiyang'ana anthu azaka zapakati pa 50 mpaka 64, osati pakadali pano ndi Medicare.
Munthu akakhala ndi mankhwala oyenera a Medicare, amayamba kulipiritsa malipiro a mwezi uliwonse kuti apeze chithandizo chamankhwala.
Ndalamayi imayikidwa mu dziwe ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipira ntchito kwa onse opindula. Ngati achinyamata, omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino ku America anawonjezeredwa ku dziwelo, ndiye chinthu chosangalatsa chidzachitika kwa Medicare monga tikudziwira lero. Padzakhala ndalama zambiri kuti mugawane. Ngakhale padzakhala anthu ambiri mu dziwe, padzakhala chiwerengero chochepa cha mankhwala omwe angawathandize. Izi zikhoza kuwonjezera ndalama zambiri ku Medicare Trust Fund .
Zochita za Universal Health Care
Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo zawonjezeka kwambiri pazaka, osati chifukwa cha kutengera kwa mitengo kapena zamakono zamakono koma chifukwa cha bizinesi yayikulu ndi ndalama zamalonda.
Malingana ngati makampani a inshuwalansi okhaokha ndi makampani opanga mankhwala ali ndi zingwe za ngongole, ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo zidzapitiriza kuwuka. Ndondomeko imodzi yokha ikhoza kuchotsa zolinga zopititsa patsogolo phindu la zaumoyo koma kodi zimaperekanso chiyani?
Aliyense adzakhala ndi mwayi wolingana ndi chisamaliro mosasamala za msinkhu, ndalama, kapena luso. Komanso, simukufunanso kupeza dokotala mu "intaneti" yanu chifukwa madokotala onse adzakhala mu intaneti yanu. Zopopayi ndi zoperewera zimatha.
Kafukufuku wina wochokera ku Pew Research Center mu 2017 adanena kuti 66 peresenti ya anthu a ku America amakhulupirira kuti boma liyenera kuonetsetsa kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala ndi kuti 33 peresenti amakhulupirira kuti njira imodzi yokhapilira njira yabwino.
Zochita za Universal Health Care
Ndalama ndi masentimita sindizo zokha zokhazo zokhudzana ndi thanzi lachilengedwe lonse. Anthu a ku America sakanangoganizira za kuwonjezeka kwa misonkho yomwe angapereke komanso momwe kufalitsa kulikonse kungawononge chisamaliro chomwe amalandira. Dikirani nthawi zazinthu zopanda ntchito zikhoza kutenga nthawi yaitali. Pokhala ndi anthu ambiri m'dongosolo, kupeza dokotala wodalirika kungakhudzidwe ndi nthawi yowonjezera. Anthu ena angafunikire kusintha madokotala kuti asamalire chisamaliro chapanthaŵi yomweyo.
Dikirani nthawi m'mayiko omwe ali ndi thanzi lachilengedwe angakhale yaitali. Ku Denmark, nthawi yeniyeni yothandizira odwala matenda a cataract pambuyo pa chisankho cha kuchiza ndi masiku 112. Simungathe kupeza malo amodzi ku England kwa masiku 78. Kuchita opaleshoni mu Ireland kapena Norway kukusiyani inu kuyembekezera masiku 75. Izi zati, milandu yofulumira ikuchitidwa mwamsanga. Palibe kuchedwa mu chisamaliro pamene mukufunikira kwenikweni.
M'kupita kwanthaŵi, United States idzapulumutsa ndalama zonse ndikusintha zotsatira zaumoyo pansi pa chilengedwe chonse, koma kodi Achimereka ali ndi chipiriro kudikirira nthawi yawo?
Mawu ochokera
Bungwe la United States lachipatala liri ndi kusankha kupanga. Zingathe kusintha pa njira ya Medicare yokhayokhayo, yomwe imapititsa anthu ambiri ku America. Mwinanso, izo zikhoza kutsata njira yopita kuchipatala chonse kuti mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka asonyeza kuti ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso ogwira mtima ndi zotsatira za thanzi labwino. Kukhala wachisanu ndi chiwiri kwambiri pa chithandizo cha umoyo padziko lonse lapansi sikokwanira. America ikuyenera bwino.
> Zotsatira:
> Aaron HJ. Kodi Ndi Njira Yanji Yopangidwira Zonse? N Engl J Med. 2017 Dec 7; 377 (23): 2207-2209. lembani: 10.1056 / NEJMp1713346.
> Zochitika Zosintha Pakati pa Ambiri Achikulire. Webusaiti ya AARP. http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/health/beyond_50_hcr_conditions.pdf.
> Kiley J. Public Support for 'Single Payer' Health Coverage Akukula, Kutsogoleredwa ndi Democrats. Pew Research Research. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/23/public-support-for-single-payer-health-coverage-grows-driven-by-democrats/. Idasindikizidwa pa June 23, 2017.
> Schneider EC, Sarnak DO, Squires D, Shah A, Doty MM. Mirror, Mirror 2017: Kuyerekeza Kwachidziwitso Kuwonetsa Ziphuphu ndi Mipata Yowonjezera Thandizo Labwino ku US. Bungwe la Commonwealth Fund. http://www.commonwealthfund.org/interactives/2017/july/mirror-mirror/. Lofalitsidwa mu July 2017.
> Viberg N, Forsberg BC, Borowitz M, ndi Molin R. International Kuyerekezerana kwa Kudikira Nthawi ya Thandizo - Thandizo ndi Zoyembekeza. Mfundo Zaumoyo . September 2013; 112 (1-2): 53-61. do: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.06.01