Kodi Medicare adzakhalapo pamene mukufunikira?
Medicare angakhale ali m'mavuto. Malingana ndi malipoti a 2016, Medicare Trust Fund idzataya ndalama pofika chaka cha 2028, zaka ziwiri zisanachitike kusiyana ndi zochitika zomwe zinachitika mu 2015. Kodi izi zidzachoka ku America opanda chisamaliro pamene adakalamba?
Momwe Chikwama cha Medicare Trust Chimachitira
Dipatimenti ya inshuwalansi ya Medicare Hospital imathandizira Medicare Part A. Gawoli la Medicare likulipira chisamaliro cha chipatala komanso chipatala.
Kwa anthu omwe amachotsedwa kuchipatala, amakhalanso ndi maulendo aifupi omwe ali ndi anamwino odziwa bwino ntchito, kapena ngati njira ina kwa anthu osasankha kupita kuchipatala, ntchito za chithandizo chaumoyo.
Ambiri a ku America sapereka malipiro a mwezi wa Gawo A, ngakhale adzalandira deductibles, coinsurance, ndi mapepala kwa mautumiki operekedwa. Zowonjezereka ndi zaulere kwa anthu omwe apereka 40% (zaka 10) kapena zambiri ku misonkho ya malipiro ya Medicare pa moyo wawo wonse. Iwo adalipira kale gawo lawo lovomerezeka, ndipo ntchito yawo yolimbika ngakhale amalandira chithandizo chopanda malire kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi wawo .
Anthu amene agwira ntchito zocheperapo 40 peresenti, adzapatsidwa malipiro a mwezi uliwonse ndipo madola awo akuwonjezera mwamsanga. Gawo A premium ya anthu ogwira ntchito pakati pa nyumba zapakati pa 30 ndi 39 ndi $ 226 pa mwezi ($ 3,192 pachaka) mu 2016. Kwa iwo ogwira ntchito zosakwana 30 koloko, mtengo umawonjezeka kwa $ 411 pa mwezi ($ 4,932 pachaka).
Ndalama zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa misonkho ndi mapepala amapanga Medicare Trust Fund. Madola awa sangakhale okwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chiwerengero cha Medicare chochulukitsa pofika mu 2029.
Zotsatira za Okalamba Achikulire Achimuna
Bungwe la Census Bank la United States linalengeza ana obadwa 72.5 miliyoni pakati pa 1946 ndi 1964, omwe amatchedwa kubereka.
Inde, chiwerengero cha ana oterewa nthawi zonse chidzakhala chosinthika. Taganizirani kuti si onse omwe ali ndi zaka 65 omwe amakhala ndi zaka zakubadwa komanso kuti "atsopano" omwe ali m'badwo uno adzalowa m'dzikoli mwa njira yochokera kudziko lina. Ndizifukwa zonse zomwe zikuganiziridwa, zikuyembekezeka kuti anthu 8,000 mpaka 10,000 aliwonse a ku America amakhala ndi zaka 65 tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo adzachita motero kupyolera mu 2029. Mu 2029, akuyembekezeredwa kuti 20 peresenti ya anthu a ku United States adzalandira Medicare.
Osati kokha anthu zikwi akufika ku Medicare zaka tsiku lililonse koma nthawi ya moyo imakula. The Social Security Administration imatchula zaka za moyo wa 84.3 ndi 86.6 kwa amuna ndi akazi, motero. Pamene anthu amakhala motalika, amatha kukhala ndi mavuto azachipatala. Oposa theka la anthu a zaka zapakati pa 65 ndi 84 ali ndi matenda ocheperapo awiri kapena atatu. Oposa theka la iwo adzakhala ndi zinayi kapena zisanu.
Anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi moyo wotalikitsa amatanthauza mavuto ambiri azachipatala komanso ndalama zambiri. Kodi Thumba la Medicare Trust lidzatha kusunga?
Mtengo wa Matenda Opanda Thanzi
Pamene chiwerengero cha matenda osapitirira chikukwera, Centers for Medicare ndi Medicaid Services (CMS) imabwereza ntchito yowonjezera ya zithandizo zamankhwala, kuphatikizapo maulendo obwera mwadzidzidzi, ofesi ya madokotala, maulendo apanyumba, maulendo ogwira ntchito kuchipatala, kuwerenga kwa chipatala, ntchito zothandizira monga kukonzanso ndi mankhwala .
Pafupifupi, Medicare Part A amagwiritsa ntchito madola 13,000 pa munthu aliyense koma ndalamazo zingakhale zazikulu kwa opindula. Ophunzira a Medicare akhoza kulipira ndalama zokwana madola 5,700 chaka chilichonse ngati ali ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chiwerengero chimenecho chimaposa kawiri kapena $ 12,000 pazifukwa zinayi kapena zisanu ndipo zimakwera madola 32,000 pazifukwa zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zina.
Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, izi zidzathetsa Medicare Trust Fund pamlingo wosalingana ndi madola omwe akubwera. Ngati Medicare ikutha, kodi akuluakulu angakwanitse bwanji kulandira chithandizo chaumoyo pamene akuyendetsa kale ndalama?
Zomwe Zingakuthandizeni Kusunga Medicare
Ngati Medicare idzasamalira achikulire a ku America pakapita nthawi, chinachake chiyenera kusintha.
Maganizo a momwe angakwaniritsire izi akhala akutsutsana ndipo aphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Kuchepetsa momwe Medicare imalipira madokotala ndi zipatala. Kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chinthu chodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri ponena izi. Kodi odwala angapereke mankhwala kwa Medicare ngati akuganiza kuti sangapinduleko? Pamene zikuyimira, pangakhale kale kusowa kwa madokotala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ndalama za Medicare kuti zithandize kuchipatala.
- Kuchepetsa mankhwala a Medicare. Palibe amene akufuna kupereka malipiro ofanana. Pamene zikuyimira, anthu ambiri amanena kuti Medicare sichikuphimba mokwanira . Mwachitsanzo, Medicare sichitengera mtengo wa malingaliro , mazinyo, kapena zothandizira kumva ngakhale kuti zinthu zomwe zimachitika monga momwe timasinthira zimasintha m'masomphenya, thanzi la mano, ndi kumva. Izi zimasiya Ambiri ambiri popanda zofunika zaumoyo zomwe amafunikira.
- Wonjezerani msinkhu wa kuyenerera kwa Medicare. A Republican monga Senator Paul Ryan adalonjeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa zaka za Medicare kufika zaka 67. Ngakhale kuti izi zidzachepetse chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akuyenera kukhala ndi Medicare chaka chilichonse, izi zikhoza kulemetsa okalamba kuti azilipira ndalama zambiri zamakampani a inshuwalansi payekha. Izi zingakhudze osati ndalama zokha zapadera koma pamene akuluakulu angathe kukwaniritsa ntchito.
- Zowonjezera ndalama zothandizira anthu opindula. Kuchuluka kwa mapepala a Medicare, deductibles, coinsurance, kapena copayments kungathandize kulimbikitsa Medicare Trust Fund ndalama-dollar koma okalamba angakwanitse? Ambiri mwa anthu okalamba ali ndi ndalama zokhazikika komanso ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo zimakula mofulumira.
- Kuwonjezera misonkho ya misonkho ya Medicare. Misonkho yambiri? Izi ndi zomwe Pulezidenti Ronald Reagan anachita ndi Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act ya 1988 . Lamuloli linalimbikitsa kuwonjezera mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuteteza okalamba kuwononga ndalama zowonongeka pambuyo pa chipatala, koma lamulo linaletsedwa chaka chimodzi chifukwa cha kusowa thandizo la anthu komanso chisokonezo chokhudzidwa ndi msonkho. Kodi Achimereka adzamva mosiyana za kuwonjezeka kwa msonkho lero?
Vuto ndi zambiri mwazifukwazi ndikuti amawononga ndalama zambiri kwa okalamba omwe ali kale pa ndalama zomwe amapeza. Monga zikuyimira, zopindulitsa za Social Security zakhala zowona. Popanda kuwonjezeka mtengo wa Living Allowance (COLA) zaka zingapo zapitazi, okalamba ayamba kale kutambasula ndalama zawo.
Chilengezo cha CMS kuti Medicare Trust Fund ikhoza kusungidwa mkati mwa zaka makumi asanu ndi chimodzi ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza. Akuluakulu a ku America ali pangozi yaikulu yowonongeka kupeza mwayi wathanzi ngati ali olephera ndipo amafunikira kwambiri. Tsopano popeza tikuwona kuti vuto likuyandikira, kodi tiyenera kuyandikira bwanji? Chabwino, tingathe bwanji kuthetsa vutoli? Mayankho omwe alipo ndi okambirana koma chinthu chimodzi chikuwoneka bwino: Kusintha kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kumafunika kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa dziko lonse ndipo tsopano.
> Zotsatira:
> Mabungwe a Matrasti a Inshuwalansi ya Federal Hospital ndi Federal Federal Supplementary Medical Inshuwalansi. Lipoti la pachaka la 2016 . https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/ReportsTrustFunds/Downloads/TR2016.pdf. Idasindikizidwa pa June 22, 2016.
> Zomangamanga: Moyo Wotheka. Webusaiti ya Social Security Administration. https://www.ssa.gov/planners/lifeexpectancy.html.
> Zochitika Zopweteka Pakati pa Medicare Othandizira, Chartbook: Edition la 2012. Maofesi a webusaiti ya Medicare ndi Medicaid Services. https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/chronic-conditions/downloads/2012chartbook.pdf.
> Colby SL, Ortman JM. Baby Boom Cohort ku United States: 2012 mpaka 2060 . May 2014; P25-1141. https://www.census.gov/prod/2014pubs/p25-1141.pdf.