Sizimodzimodzi Monga Wopereka Mmodzi Wodziwa Thanzi Labwino
"Chisamaliro chonse cha thanzi" kapena "chilengedwe chonse" chimatanthawuza njira yopezera zosamalira zaumoyo komwe aliyense akuphimbirako ntchito zothandizira zachipatala ndipo palibe yemwe amaletsedwa kusamala ngati ali ndi malamulo m'dera lomwelo. onse okhala mu Commonwealth ya Massachusetts, kapena nzika zonse za Canada.
Lingaliro la chisamaliro chonse cha zaumoyo nthawi zambiri limakhala lofanana ndi wolipira yekha , dongosolo la chisamaliro cha boma, komwe ndalama zonse zamankhwala zimaperekedwa ndi chinthu chimodzi, kawirikawiri boma. Komabe, "malipiro amodzi" ndi "chilengedwe chonse" si ofanana.
Universal Coverage
Ndondomeko ya "kufotokozera konse" ingatanthauze zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Choyamba, chingatanthauzire dongosolo limene nzika iliyonse imatha kupeza inshuwalansi ya umoyo kapena yapadera. Chachiwiri, likhoza kutanthawuza dongosolo lomwe nzika iliyonse imapeza ntchito yamalonda kapena yotsika mtengo (chithandizo, mankhwala achidzidzimutso) chifukwa cha malamulo omwe boma limapatsidwa.
Ku United States, cholinga cha chilengedwe chonse chimachititsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Wopindulitsa Care Act - nthawi zina amatchedwa Obamacare -ndipo zifukwa zowonjezereka kufotokozera pamene zili ndi ndalama zomwe zakhala zikuwononga kayendetsedwe ka Trump oyambirira. Pansi pa ACA, makampani a inshuwalansi a zaumoyo angapereke malingaliro apadera azaumoyo ndi kuphatikiza phindu la lamulo.
Kwa anthu omwe amagwa pa magawo ena a federal poverty line, ndalama zochepa zopereka ndalama zimapereka zina kapena ndalama zawo zonse. Cholinga chake chinali chakuti aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za phindu lake, angathe kupeza ndalama zokhazokha zothandizira inshuwalansi.
Pay-Payer Systems
Mu kachitidwe kamodzi kokhapira, komabe, palibe makampani aku inshuwalansi payekha kuyamba pomwe.
Boma lokha limapereka mphamvu ndi kulipiritsa phindu la thanzi. Chitsanzo choyambirira cha kachitidwe kamodzi kokha ndi National Health Service; NHS imayendetsa mwayi wopeza chithandizo chamankhwala komanso imagwiritsa ntchito othandizira zaumoyo. Canada ikupereka ndondomeko yomweyo.
Anthu ena a bungwe la US akupitirizabe kuti bungwe la United States lifike pa mawonekedwe a chithandizo chaumoyo wosagwira ntchito mwa kupereka " Medicare kwa onse" -ndikutenga pulogalamu ya boma kwa okalamba ndi kuzipereka kwa onse nzika. Zilibe zomveka, komabe, kuti njira imeneyi ili ndi chithandizo chachikulu cha ndale kupatulapo mayesero omwe aperekedwa m'mayiko ena.
Zogwirizana ndi Pagulu
Padziko lonse lapansi, mayiko ambiri amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala padziko lonse, kwa nzika zawo zonse, kuphatikizapo payekha, komanso osati kudzera mwa olemba okha. Zitsanzo za mayiko awa ndi Germany, Netherlands, ndi Singapore. Singapore ili ndi imodzi mwa machitidwe abwino kwambiri azaumoyo padziko lapansi, ndi kuyembekezera kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha imfa ya ana aang'ono.
Kusamalira Ngozi
Mu njira iliyonse yomwe asungichuma apadera amagwira nawo ntchito zothandizira zaumoyo, makampani omwe ali ndi inshuwalansi ya umoyo ayenera kulinganitsa chiŵerengero cha odwala ndi wathanzi kwa ogula awo malingana ndi malonda omwe ali nawo phindu ndi ntchito zomwe amapereka pazochepa za boma, ndi momwe Zowonjezerazo zimagulidwa pamsika.
M'madera ena, boma limateteza inshuwalansi kuti lisamayang'ane kwambiri ndi malipiro awo chifukwa cha "penalizing" inshuwalansi omwe mauthenga awo owopsa amakhala opambana kuposa momwe amachitira. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kusintha kwa ngozi . Komabe, m'mayiko omwe kugula ntchitoyi mwadzidzidzi kapena mwaufulu (mwachitsanzo, kupyolera mu chilango chochepa chifukwa cha kusamvera), otchedwa Young Invincibles-achinyamata, odwala bwino omwe amapereka ndalamazo koma amadya zochepa zochepa-kupereka kulemera kwachuma kwa dongosolo. Pamene Young Invincible atasiya kutenga nawo mbali, dongosololi limasokoneza anthu okalamba ndi odwala, omwe amachititsa kuti aliyense akhale ndi ndalama zambiri.