Anthu a ku America akukumana ndi chiopsezo chochuluka cha matenda a dementia kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse ku United States. Ndipotu, Alzheimer's Association imanena kuti chiopsezo cha African American poememia chowopsa chimafupikanso kawiri ndi cha azungu omwe si a Latino ndipo 65 peresenti yaposa kuposa a ku Asia. Zina zimanena kuti chiopsezo cha Afirika Achimereka ndichokwera katatu kuposa azungu omwe si a Latino.
Ochita kafukufuku angapo akhala akuyang'ana zolephera izi kuti adziwe zomwe zingakhale zowonjezera kuopsa kwa Alzheimer's ndi mitundu ina ya matenda a maganizo .
Zizindikiro Zodziwika
Ngati pali kusiyana kwa mafuko omwe ali pachiopsezo pa matenda alionse, ndikofunika kudziwa chifukwa chake kusiyana kumeneku kulipo. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti zinthu zotsatirazi zikutheka kuti chiwerengero cha dementia chiwonjezeke kwa aAfrica Achimereka:
Matenda a Mtima
Matenda a mtima amagwirizana kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chochuluka cha matenda a dementia, kuphatikizapo Alzheimer's and dementia . Matenda a mtima amaphatikizapo zaumoyo monga kupatsirana kwa magazi ndi matenda.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala kofala kwambiri ku Afirika Ammerika kusiyana ndi mafuko ena, ndipo amakhalanso ndi moyo zaka zambiri. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi kwakhala kophatikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chapamwamba chokhalira ndi matenda a dementia.
Kuopsa kwa kupweteka kwapakati kumakhala kwapamwamba kwa Afirika Achimereka kusiyana ndi mafuko ena.
Ndipotu, National Stroke Association ikuganiza kuti ngozi ya kupha anthu a ku America ndi yachiwiri kuposa a azungu omwe si a Latino. Malingana ndi malo ndi mlingo wa stroke, maganizo a maganizo a m'maganizo amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zake.
- Kutetezeka kwachuma
Maseŵera ochepa a pansi ndi mavuto omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndichuma akugwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yochepa yozindikira.
Kafukufuku wina akuyang'ana umphawi komanso mavuto a zachuma anaphatikizapo ophunzira omwe anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 50. Ofufuza anapeza kuti anthu omwe adakhalabe umphaŵi zaka zoposa 20 anachita zochepa poyesera zofufuza . Ophunzira mu phunziroli adaphunzitsidwa kwambiri, akuganiza kuti sizingatheke kuti paliponse paliponse. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, msinkhu wawo wapamwamba wa maphunziro umachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wakuti maphunziro apansi kapena maphunziro apamwamba apangitsa kuti umphaŵi ukhalepo.
Anthu a ku America ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha umphaŵi kusiyana ndi mafuko ena, ndi ma US US Census omwe amasonyeza kuti pafupifupi anthu mmodzi mwa azimayi a ku Africa muno amakhala umphawi, ndipo ocheperapo 10 peresenti ya azungu omwe si a Latino amakhala osauka.
- Matenda a shuga
Kuopsa kwa matenda a shuga, omwe adayambitsidwa ndi chiopsezo cha matenda a Alzheimer, ndipamwamba kwambiri ku African America kusiyana ndi mafuko ena. Matenda a Alzheimers amadziwika kuti " mtundu wa shuga " chifukwa cha kugwirizana pakati pa matenda awiriwa.
- Maphunziro a Pansi Akumunsi
Maphunziro ochepa a maphunziro amapereka chiopsezo chachikulu pa kukula kwa chifuwa cha umphawi, pamene maphunziro apamwamba akuganiza kuti kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha mkhalidwe waumphawi, mbali imodzi yokhudzana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso cha maganizo .
Pakalipano, anthu a ku Africa kuno, amakhala ndi maphunziro apansi kusiyana ndi azungu omwe si a Latino. Pamene mbiri ya dziko lathu ikuwerengedwanso, zikudziwika kuti dongosolo lathu linalepheretsa anthu ambiri a ku Africa kuti athe kupeza maphunziro omwe ena adapezekapo. Posachedwapa m'ma 1960, sukulu inali yosiyana ndi Afirika Achimereka, ndipo ndalama zothandizira sukuluyi zinali zochepa kuposa sukulu zoyera. Zisanafike nthawiyi, mwayi wopeza maphunziro ofanana unali wochepa. Mwachizoloŵezi, dziko lathu likulepheretsa mwayi wolingana wa maphunziro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwerengero chochepa cha maphunziro, chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwopsezo chakumidzi.
- Kuwonetsa Zochitika Zakale Zosangalatsa Zamoyo
Kafukufuku wina woperekedwa ku msonkhano wa 2017 wa Alzheimer's Association International anapeza kuti zovuta zokhudzana ndi moyo wa anthu a ku Africa Ammerika zinagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepa zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'tsogolo. Mu phunziro ili, zovuta zokhudzana ndi moyo ndizo zotsatirazi:
- Kuthamangitsidwa kuntchito
- Malamulo a zamalamulo ndi a chilungamo
- Kusowa kwachuma
- Kutsutsana ndi ena
- Kusokonezeka maganizo komanso thupi
- Matenda a umoyo
- Kukumana ndi nkhondo
- Kukhala ndi kholo lomwe linagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa
- Imfa ya mwana
Ofufuzawo anapeza kuti maphunziro, APOEε4 udindo wa jini (jeni lomwe limapangitsa anthu kukhala pachiopsezo chochuluka cha chiwopsezo cha umphawi) ndi zaka zapakati pazaka zapitazo zinali zofanana mofanana pa mtundu wa ophunzirawo, motero sizinali zoyenera kutsogolera zotsatira za kuphunzira.
Kawirikawiri, anthu a ku Africa kuno mu maphunzirowa anali ndi 60 peresenti zovuta kwambiri pamoyo wawo poyerekeza ndi azungu omwe sanali a Latino. Zochitika izi zinkagwirizana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kochepetsetsa mu moyo wamtsogolo monga umboni wa ntchito yosauka pamakumbukiro ndi mayesero kuthetsa mavuto. Kwa anthu a ku America, vuto lililonse la moyo linali lofanana ndi zaka zinayi zokalamba.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti phunziroli silinapangitse mgwirizano pakati pa matenda a maganizo aumphawi koma makamaka kuganizira za chidziwitso, zomwe zingakhale umboni wa, ndi / kapena chiopsezo, kufooka kwa chidziwitso ndi chifuwa chachikulu chaumtima.
- Kubadwa mu Boma Ndi High Infant Mortality Rates
Kafukufuku wina woperekedwa pa msonkhano wa 2017 wa Alzheimer's Association International, unafotokoza kufunika kwa malo obadwirako. Ofufuzawa anafufuza za chiwerengero cha imfa ya makanda a maiko osiyanasiyana m'chaka cha 1928. Atatha kufotokozera pamtunduwu mitengoyi ndi zolemba zachipatala, adapeza kuti Afirika Achimereka obadwira m'mayiko omwe ali ndi ana ambiri akufa ndi 40 peresenti yowonjezera kukhala ndi dementia kusiyana ndi African American obadwira pansi Imfa ya ana imati. Iwo anali 80 peresenti yowonjezera kukhala ndi dementia poyerekeza ndi azungu obadwa m'manda aang'ono omwe amafa. Azungu omwe anabadwa m'manda aang'ono sanawonetsere kuti ali ndi chiwopsezo chochuluka chothetsa matenda a 'dementia,' kutanthauza kuti iwo amakhala "otetezeka" pangozi kapena zotsatira za chiwerengero cha imfa.
Ngakhale kuti phunziro limodzi silikulimbitsa mgwirizanowu, ochita kafukufuku adanena kuti chiopsezo chinawonjezeka ngakhale atatha kuganizira za shuga, kupweteka, kulemera, maphunziro, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Iwo ankanena kuti zinthu zovuta kwambiri m'moyo woyambirira zingawononge chiwopsezo cha umutu wa anthu m'tsogolo.
- Kusokonezeka maganizo
Kafukufuku wochuluka apeza kuti kuwonetsa kupsinjika kwanthawi yaitali kungapangitse chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso. Kafukufuku anapeza kuti anthu a ku Africa Ammerika ali ndi magawo makumi asanu ndi awiri (20%) omwe amavutika kwambiri ndi maganizo kuposa azungu omwe si a Latino. Kuonjezera apo, anthu a ku Africa amwenye omwe amakhala mu umphaŵi amakhala ochepa katatu ngati omwe sali osauka kuti akhudzidwe ndi maganizo, kotero kuti pangakhale chiopsezo chowonjezereka komanso mwina kukhumudwa.
- Kukhala M'dera Losauka
Kafukufuku wina anapeza malo okhala "osowa" powalingalira za umphaŵi, ntchito, nyumba, ndi maphunziro. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti anthu omwe amakhala m'madera ovutika anali ndi zochepa zochepa pazoyesedwa zomwe zimayesa kukumbukira msangamsanga, kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi ndi kusintha, kugwiritsira ntchito kukumbukira , ndi kuyankhula momveka bwino, Ofufuzawo anapeza chiwerengero chapamwamba cha chizindikiro cha Alzheimer m'madzi a m'mimba mwa iwo omwe anali kuchokera m'madera ochepetsera zachikhalidwe. Ngakhale kuti kafukufukuyu sanayese kuyesa zochitika za Alzheimer m'madera osiyana, ziwerengero zochepetsetsa zamaganizo komanso kukhalapo kwa Alzheimer's biomarkers zakhala zikugwirizana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a dementia.
African American Caregivers ndi Dementia
Monga momwe zilili kwa mitundu ina yaing'ono monga Latinos , ambiri a ku America omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu chaumembala amathandizidwa ndi osamalira mabanja. Kawirikawiri amayembekezeredwa kuti mamembala a anthu a ku America amathandizire okondedwa awo omwe ali okalamba ndikudwala. Ngakhale kuti udindo umenewu ukhoza kuwonedwa ngati chiyembekezero chachibadwa osati mtolo wolemetsa, umakhalabe ndi zotsatira zofunikira kwa munthuyo komanso wosamalira.
Anthu a ku America amatha kukhala osapempha thandizo, kufuna kupeza matenda, kapena kugwirizana ndi zothandiza zapagulu. Chimodzi mwa chifukwa cha izi chikhoza kukhala chokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa mgwirizano kapena kukhulupiliridwa kosatha kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo komanso / kapena mabungwe othandizira anthu. Kuonjezera apo, anthu ambiri sangathe kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala, ngati vutoli silidzachitika mpaka pakapita nthawi.
Malangizo
Mabungwe angapo adayitanitsa njira yodzifunira kuti azitumikira bwino anthu a ku America omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo, komanso a m'banja lawo. Amapereka njira zingapo, monga zotsatirazi:
- Perekani kulankhulana kwabwino kwa chikhalidwe cha matenda a Alzheimer's. Gawani zida zomwe zilipo ndikupanganso zida zatsopano zamakono zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi African American, zizindikiro zoyambirira za chidziwitso cha dementia ndi njira zothandizira kuti akhale ndi thanzi la ubongo.
- Perekani kulankhulana kwanu, kunyumba kwanu zokhudzana ndi chuma. Afikira mabanja ku nyumba zawo kuti mupereke chithandizo ndi maphunziro, phunzirani zomwe anthu ndi mabanja angapeze zothandiza ndikupereka maphunziro okhudza kupeza mautumiki.
- Mangani maubwenzi ndi mpingo. Ambiri a ku America ali ndi mgwirizano wolimba ndi chikhulupiriro chawo ndi midzi yawo. Lumikizanani ndi mabungwe a ku Africa ammudzi ndi mipingo kumanga maubwenzi ndi mauthenga. Ubale umenewu udzakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zilipo monga kuzindikira ndi kulemekezedwa kwa mautumikiwa.
- Yesetsani kulepheretsa wopereka chithandizo powapereka ntchito. Chifukwa chakuti anthu a ku America amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo komanso chisamaliro chochepa, chiopsezo cha kusamalidwa ndizofunika kwambiri. Perekani maphunziro okhudza kupuma kwachisamaliro ndi mapulogalamu akuluakulu a tsiku lachikulire kuti athandize wokondedwa wanu kunyumba ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wa wosamalira wochuluka .
Mawu Ochokera
Kufalikira kwadzidzidzi kwaumtimaa m'madera a ku Africa kuno ndi kofunika ndipo, monga akatswiri azaumoyo, abwenzi ndi oyandikana nawo, amafunika kuchita. Zingakhale zodabwitsa pamene tikuyamba kumvetsa nkhaniyi, koma kumvetsetsa ndi kugawana nzeru ndi ena ndi njira yoyamba komanso yosavuta yomwe tingayankhe.
> Zotsatira:
> Alzheimer's Association. African American ndi Alzheimer's. http://www.alz.org/africanamerican/
> Alzheimer's Association International Conference. 2017. Kafukufuku anayi amasonyeza kusiyana kwa mtundu wa anthu pa chiopsezo cha mkhalidwe waumphawi komanso zochitika. https://www.alz.org/aaic/releases_2017/AAIC17-Sun-briefing-racial-disparities.asp
> American Heart Association. African-American and the Heart, Stroke. July 2015. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/African-Americans-and-Heart-Disease_UCM_444863_Article.jsp#.WaGRJSiGPIU
> Barnes LL, Bennett DA. Matenda a Alzheimer In African Americans: Zowopsa ndi Mavuto Kwa Tsogolo. Thandizo la Project Hope . 2014; 33 (4): 580-586. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4084964/
> Mayeda ER, Glymour MM, Quesenberry CP, Whitmer RA. Kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha matenda a maganizo pakati pa mafuko asanu ndi amitundu ndi mafuko opitirira 14. Alzheimer's & Dementia: nyuzipepala ya Alzheimer's Association . 2016; 12 (3): 216-224. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4969071/
> Mental Health America. Mayiko a Black & African American ndi Maganizo a Maganizo. http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/african-american-mental-health
> US Bureau of the Census, "Ndalama ndi Umphawi ku United States: 2016. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p60-256.pdf