Phunzirani za momwe papillomavirus ya anthu (HPV) imafalikira
Papillomavirus ya munthu ( HPV ), yomwe imakhala ndi mavuto oposa 100, ndiwowopsa kwambiri omwe pakalipano umakhudza Ambiri Achimereka oposa 20 miliyoni. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo samakhala ndi zizindikiro kapena mavuto a zachipatala, mavuto ena a kachilombo ka HIV angayambitse matenda, kuphatikizapo ziwalo zogonana ndi khansa. Ngakhale anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti HPV ingafalitsidwe ndi kugonana, funso lofunsidwa ndi "Kodi HPV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (STD)?
Yankho ndi lovuta kwambiri kuposa inde inde ndi ayi. Tiye tikambirane chifukwa chake zili choncho.
Kodi Papillomavirus ya Munthu (HPV) Matenda Opatsirana pogonana (STD)?
Kaya papillomavirus (HPV) ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (STD) amafunika kuyang'ana mafunso awiri. Imodzi ndi momwe imafalikira. Sikuti matenda onse opatsirana pogonana ndi opatsirana kudzera m'mimba mwa amayi, ndipo tiwone nkhaniyi. Zina zimakhudza ngati HPV ilidi (kapena nthawizonse) matenda.
Matenda opatsirana pogonana vs Matenda opatsirana pogonana
Matenda opatsirana pogonana ( matenda opatsirana pogonana ) ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Matenda opatsirana pogonana amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kuyambitsa mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena majeremusi. Papillomavirus ya munthu imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mavairasi opatsirana pogonana. Amapatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito khungu la kugonana (osati kudzera m'mimba), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sipadzasowa kulowa mkati kuti apite kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi.
Ikani mophweka kwambiri, papillomavirus yaumunthu imafalikira kupyolera mwa khungu ndi khungu. Kugwiritsira ntchito kugonana kudzera m'mimba kumatha kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. M'mawu ena, anamwali angathe kutenga kachilombo ka HIV.
Vaginal komanso kugonana ndi njira zowonjezera za HPV, monga kugonana kwachinsinsi, ngakhale kuti sikofala.
Ngakhale kuti HPV imaonedwa ngati ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana chifukwa cha kufalitsa kwake, sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala ngati matenda opatsirana pogonana (STD). Izi ndichifukwa chakuti "matenda" angatanthauze vuto lachipatala lomwe liri ndi zizindikiro zoonekeratu. Munthu yemwe ali ndi HPV samakhala ndi zizindikiro, HPV ikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati matenda omwe angathe kapena sangayambitse matenda . Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti, sikuti akatswiri onse azachipatala amasiyanitsa izi.
Matenda ambiri omwe ali ndi HPV amachotsedwa mkati mwa miyezi 12 mpaka 24 ndipo samayambitsa matenda.
Mmene Mungachepetsere Pangozi Yanu Yotsutsana ndi HPV
Popeza papillomavirus yaumunthu imatha kupitsidwanso ndi khungu kokha, osati kungolowera, kupewera kungakhale kovuta. Njira yokhayo yotetezera papillomavirus ya munthu ndiyo kupeweratu kwathunthu (osati kuchita nawo mtundu uliwonse wa khalidwe la kugonana); Komabe, izi ndi zosatheka kwa ambiri.
Makondomu angathandize (ndipo akulimbikitsidwa ngati mukufuna kuthandiza kuteteza matenda ena opatsirana pogonana, komanso kutenga mimba), koma kumbukirani kuti amapereka chitetezo chochepa kuchokera kwa HPV chifukwa pali ziwalo zomwe zimatetezedwa nthawi zogonana.
Chifukwa cha vutoli kuteteza HPV mwathupi, "chikhalidwe cha anthu" chimayamba. Izi zikutanthawuza kuyesera kudziwana bwino ndi mnzanuyo musanayambe kucheza nawo. Kulepheretsa chiwerengero cha abwenzi omwe mumalumikizana nao kumathandizanso. Ndipo kwa omwe angatenge kachilombo, kusiya kusuta ndikofunika, popeza zikuwoneka kuti osuta fodya amakhala ndi matenda (kusuta fodya kungachepetse mphamvu ya thupi kuchotsa HIV).
Katemera wa HPV umathandizanso, koma kuti mumvetsetse katemera osiyana, nkofunika kumvetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana a kachilomboka.
Mitundu ndi Zovuta za HPV
Pali majeremusi oposa 100 a kachilombo ka HIV, koma matendawa amasiyana kwambiri chifukwa amatha kuchititsa matenda. Amagonjetsedwa m'mitsempha yapamwamba komanso yoopsa kwambiri motere:
- Matenda ochititsa khansa (matenda oopsa kwambiri). HPV 16 ndi 18 imawerengera pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya khansa ya pachibelekero. Kuwonjezera pa HPV 16 ndi 18, matenda a HPV okhudzana ndi khansa ndi 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, ndi 59. Pali mitundu ina ya khansa yomwe imakhudzana ndi matenda a HPV, kuphatikizapo mutu ndi khansa ya khosi (makamaka lilime ndi khansa yamatoni, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ndi HPV 16), khansara ya ana, khansara ya khansa, khansa ya khansa, ndi khansa ya penile. Mafunso akukambidwa za khansa zina, monga kugwirizana kotheka pakati pa HPV ndi khansa ya m'mapapo.
- Mtsuko wa chiberekero umayambitsa matenda (zovuta zochepa). HPV 6 ndi 11 amawerengera pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya nkhondo zowononga zowononga amuna ndi akazi mwa amuna ndi akazi. Zilondazi zimapezeka pamimba, m'kamwa, kapena pakhosi. Mavuto a HPV omwe amawopsa kwambiri angayambitsenso kupuma kwa papillomatosis , mkhalidwe umene mumagulu am'mimba amawombera mpweya ndi zizindikiro zina.
Katemera wa HPV
Katemera wa HPV ndi njira ina yothandizira kuteteza kachilomboka. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pali katemera katatu kamene kamagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katemera, ndipo palibe katemera uliwonse wotetezera vuto lililonse la HPV lomwe lingathe kupha munthu. Imeneyi ndi njira yayitali yonena kuti njira zotetezera pamwambapo zidakali zofunikira kwambiri ngakhale mutatemera katemera wa HPV. Katemera omwe alipo alipo monga awa:
- Gardasil. Chovomerezeka mu 2006, Gardasil ndilo katemera woyamba wa HPV kuti avomerezedwe. Ndilibwino polimbana ndi HPV 6 ndi 11, chifukwa cha 90 peresenti ya zida zogonana, ndi HPV 16 ndi 18, chifukwa cha 70 peresenti ya khansa ya pachibelekero. Ndi FDA-yovomerezeka kwa akazi onse ndi amuna pakati pa zaka 9 ndi 26.
- Cervarix. Cervarix inali kachilombo kachiwiri kovomerezeka ndipo yapezeka kuyambira 2009. Imakhala yothandiza polimbana ndi HPV 16 ndi 18. Ivomerezedwa kwa amayi a zaka 9 mpaka 25.
- Gardasil 9. Gardasil 9 inavomerezedwa mu 2014 ili ndi chidziwitso chachikulu cha katemera wa HPV. Zimathandiza polimbana ndi HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, ndi 58. Katemerayu amavomerezedwa kwa amayi a zaka zapakati pa 9 ndi 26 kuti athe kupewa khansa, chifuwa, ubongo, ndi khansa ya ana, ndi mwa amuna a zaka zapakati pa 9 ndi 15 kuti athe kupewa khansa ya ana.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti katemera osiyanasiyana amapereka chithunzi chosiyana, ndipo chimodzi chivomerezeka kwa akazi okha. Chosankha chanu chokhudza katemera chomwe chiri chabwino kwa inu chikhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi inshuwalansi yanu (ngati simukufuna kudzipiritsa katemera wina). Makampani ena a inshuwalansi amapanga imodzi mwa katemera koma osati ena. Musanapite kukaonana ndi dokotala, funsani kampani yanu ya inshuwalansi za kufalitsa.
Katemera uliwonse wa HPV umapindula kwambiri ngati waperekedwa musanayambe kugonana komanso akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Kuyeza kwa matenda okhudzana ndi HPV
Kutenga katemera ku HPV ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu nthawi iliyonse pamene mugonana ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zochepetsera chiopsezo chotenga papillomavirus yaumunthu. Koma ngakhale ndizitetezera izi, ndibwino kuti muzisunga zomwe mukufufuza ndikuwonetseratu-makamaka pankhani ya amayi ndi mapepala a Pap.
Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale akazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amachititsa kusintha kwachilombo koyambitsa matenda a khansa, chizoloŵezi cha Pap smear kuchokera kwa amayi anu amatha kuthandiza kuchipatala kuti chithandizo chisanakhale choopsa komanso chovuta. kuchiza.
Kumbukirani kuti amuna akuyenera kuzindikiranso. Zikuganiza kuti pafupifupi 2 peresenti ya matenda a khansa mwa amuna ndi ofanana ndi HPV. Zovuta zonse za genitalia kapena mutu ndi khosi ziyenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala, chifukwa zambiri mwazikhala ndi masitepe.
Pamunsi pa HPV monga Matenda Opatsirana pogonana
HPV nthawi zambiri imatengedwa ngati matenda opatsirana pogonana, koma ndondomeko yeniyeni ndi yovuta kwambiri. Anthu ambiri omwe amapanga matenda a HPV ( matenda opatsirana pogonana) samapanga matenda opatsirana pogonana a HPV, monga zilonda zam'thupi kapena kusintha kwa khansa, chiwindi, chikazi, mbolo, mutu ndi khosi.
HPV imafalitsidwa ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu, koma kulowera kwa amayi sikofunikira kuti mupeze kachilomboka. Chifukwa cha kufalitsa khungu kwa khungu (kuphatikizapo m'kamwa ndi m'dera la anal), makondomu sangakhale othandiza popewera matenda. Katemera ndi katemera wina wa HPV angapewe matenda a HPV, malingana ndi kufotokoza kwa katemerayu.
Kuwunika ndi mapepala a Pap, ndikuwunikira dokotala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zingayesetse kusintha kwa HPV, ndikofunika kwa aliyense yemwe ali ndi chiwerewere, kapena ali ndi chibwenzi cholimba.
> Zotsatira:
> de Sanjose, S., Brotons, M., ndi M. Pavon. Mbiri Yachilengedwe ya Mankhwala a Papillomavirus Infection. Zotsatira Zabwino ndi Kafukufuku. Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Gynecology . 2018. 47: 2-13.
> Serrano, B., Brotons, M., Bosch, F., ndi L. Bruni. Epidemiology ndi Burden ya Matenda Okhudzana ndi HPV. Zotsatira Zabwino ndi Kafukufuku. Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Gynecology . 2018. 47: 14-26.
> Ventimiglia, E., Hornblas, S., Muneer, A., ndi A. Salonia. Mankhwala a Papillomavirus ndi Katemera M'mwamuna. European Urology Focus . 2016. 2 (4): 355-362.