Mavuto Omwe Amagawidwa Amagazi
Hemophilia - chizoloŵezi chochokera kwa amuna kuti amve magazi - ndi matenda akale okha omwe amangotengedwa muzaka 50 zapitazo. Malembo achiyuda a m'zaka za zana lachiŵiri AD amatchula anyamata omwe adafa pambuyo podulidwa, ndipo dokotala wa ku Arabu Albucasis (1013-1106) adafotokozanso amuna ammudzi mmodzi akufa pambuyo povulala pang'ono.
M'mbuyomu yaposachedwapa, Mfumukazi Victoria ya mwana wa ku Britain Leopold anali ndi hemophilia, ndipo Alice ndi Beatrice, aakazi ake awiri, anali kunyamula jini.
Kupyolera mwa iwo, hemophilia idaperekedwa kwa mabanja achifumu ku Spain ndi ku Russia, zomwe zimatsogolera mnyamata wina wotchuka kwambiri ndi matendawa, mwana wamwamuna yekhayo wa Tsar Nicholas II, Alexei.
Pafupifupi 1 pa 10,000 anthu amabadwa ndi hemophilia A. Pafupifupi 1 pa 50,000 anthu amabadwa ndi hemophilia B.
Zifukwa ndi Mitundu
Ngakhale kuti matendawa ankadziwikanso ndi kulembedwa, anyamata am'mbuyomu amangofa chifukwa chakuti madokotala sankadziwa chomwe chinayambitsa kapena momwe angachitire. M'zaka za m'ma 1800, madokotala anaganiza kuti kutuluka kwa magazi kunachitika chifukwa mitsempha ya magazi inali yovuta. Mu 1937, chinthu chinapezeka m'magazi achibadwa omwe angapangitse magazi a magazi, omwe amatchedwa "anti-hemophilic globulin."
Mu 1944, ofufuza adapeza mwazi umodzi kuti pamene magazi a mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya magazi imasakanikirana, onse awiri amatha kutseka. Palibe yemwe akanakhoza kufotokoza izi mpaka 1952, pamene ofufuza ku England anazindikira kuti panali mitundu iwiri ya haemophilia.
Iwo anali akuphunzira mnyamata wazaka 10 yemwe ali ndi hemophilia wotchedwa Stephen Christmas amene sanawoneke kuti alibe "matenda" omwewo. Anamutcha kuti hemophilia B, kapena "Matenda a Khirisimasi," komanso hemophilia A, kapena "hemophilia". Matenda a Khirisimasi amakhudza anthu 15-20% okha omwe ali ndi hemophilia.
Zosakaniza
Ndi kupeza kwa mitundu ya A ndi B kunadzazindikira kuti payenera kukhala mitundu yambiri ya "anti-hemophilic globulin" yomwe ikukhudzidwa. Mayina adagawidwa kuzinthu zosiyana siyanazi ndi komiti yapadziko lonse mu 1962. Hemophilia A ndi kusowa kwa Factor VIII, ndipo hemophilia B ndi kusowa kwa Factor IX.
Chithandizo
Pomwe zinaonekeratu kuti haemophilia inayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa coagulation, kubwezeretsa chinthu chosowa kunakhala njira yothandizira. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1950, nyama ya plasma imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1970, coagulation chinachitidwa kuchokera ku plasma ya anthu inalipo. Mwamwayi, asayansi tsopano amadziwa kuti iwo akuyang'anira mavairasi monga hepatitis ndi HIV, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi hemophilia adatengedwa ndi matendawa.
Masiku ano, mapulogalamu a coagulation amadziwika, omwe amachititsa kuti asakhale ndi mavairasi. Ana omwe ali ndi hemophilia amapatsidwa coagulation monga chithandizo choletsa kupewa kuchepa kwa magazi ndikuwathandiza kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wathanzi komanso wathanzi.
Zotsatira:
"Mbiri Yokhetsa Matenda." Kodi Kusuta Kumakhudza Chiyani ?. 2006. Fuko la National Hemophilia Foundation.
17 Dec 2008
Mtsuko, SS, & CM Lindley. "Zogulitsa mankhwala ndi ntchito zawo." Am J Health-Syst Pharm 57 (2000): 1403-1417.