Ana amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu
Kuwotcha poizoni ndiko kusonkhanitsa kutsogolera mu thupi komwe kawirikawiri kumachitika kwa miyezi kapena zaka. Ngakhale kuti poizoni ndizofala m'mayiko osauka, kumene zimapha anthu oposa 800,000 pachaka, zikhoza kuwonanso mabanja a ku America (monga umboni wa 2016 ku Flint, Michigan komwe anthu opitirira 100,000 anapezeka ndi madzi otupa) .
Mtsogoleri ndi chitsulo chodziwika bwino chopanda phindu kwa thupi. Kuwopsa kwa poizoni kungakhudze ubongo ndi ziwalo zina zofunika, zomwe zimachititsa kusintha kwa thupi ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe, matenda a m'mimba, kufooka kwa impso, ndi kuchedwa kwachitukuko. Pamwamba kwambiri, ikhoza kupha.
Kuwotcha poizoni kungapezeke ndi mayeso a magazi ndi zithunzi. Ngati kutsogolera kuli kokwera, mankhwala angaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatsogolera kutsogolo kuti athe kuchotsedwa ku thupi.
Zizindikiro
Ngakhale kuti poizoni amatha kuvulaza pafupifupi pafupifupi liwalo lililonse la thupi, ubongo ndi m'mimba zimakhala pomwe zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zimayambira.
Zizindikiro za kutsogolera poizoni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta komanso zovuta kuziwona. Kwa anthu ena, sipangakhale zizindikiro. Zowoneka kwambiri zikuphatikizapo:
- Kukhumudwa
- Kutopa
- Mutu
- Kusokonezeka
- Kusokonezeka mu kukumbukira kwa kanthawi kochepa
- Chizungulire komanso kutaya ntchito
- Kukoma kodabwitsa pakamwa
- Mzere wa buluu pambali mwa chingamu (wotchedwa mzere wa Burton)
- Kusinkhasinkha kapena kutaya mtima (ubongo)
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Kuchepetsa kudya
- Nsowa ndi kusanza
- Kutsekula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa
- Kulankhulidwa
Mosiyana ndi akuluakulu, ana angasonyeze kusintha kwakukulu kwa makhalidwe (kuphatikizapo kutengeka, kusasamala, ndi kukwiyitsa) ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba kukula patsogolo kwa ana ena a msinkhu womwewo.
Ulemale wamuyaya ungathe kuchitika nthawi zina.
Mavuto a poizoni amatha kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa impso, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumva kutayika, cataracts, kusabereka kwa amayi, kuperewera kwa amayi, ndi kubadwa. Ngati zowonjezera zowonjezereka zikuwonjezeka kufika pa 100 μg / dL, ubongo umatha kuchitika, zomwe zimayambitsa kuvulala, kupweteka, ngakhale imfa.
Zimayambitsa
Kutsogolera poizoni ku US kwakhala kochepa chifukwa chakuti poyamba analetsedwa ndi utoto ndi mafuta mmbuyo mu 1978. Kuyambira apo, malamulo ena adayesedwa kuti achepetse mayendedwe oyendetsa mabomba, magetsi, ndi katundu wamba.
Ngakhale izi, amachititsa poizoni ku US akadalibe. Ana ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa cha mbali ya thupi lawo laling'ono ndi mlingo wocheperako. Amayambanso kutsogolera kutsogolo mosavuta m'magulu a ubongo ndikuwonetsa machitidwe omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azidziwoneka.
Zina zomwe zimayambitsa kuyambitsa kutsogolera ndizo:
- Madzi, makamaka chifukwa cha akuluakulu amachititsa mapaipi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito lead solder
- Nthaka yomwe yaipitsidwa ndi utoto wopangidwa kapena mafuta
- Kugwira ntchito ku migodi, zomera za smelting, kapena malo opangira malo omwe amatsogoleredwa
- Zojambula ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dinwareware
- Anatsogolera kristalo yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa madzi otsekemera kapena zakudya zosungirako chakudya
- Mankhwala a Ayurvedic ndi amtundu wina, ena omwe ali ndi chitsogozo cha "zowononga" komanso zina zomwe zimadetsedwa panthawi yopanga mankhwala
- Zosowa zam'nyumba, zodzoladzola, maswiti, ndi zopangira zapakhomo zomwe zimapangidwa m'mayiko opanda malire otsogolera
Kuwotcha poizoni kungathenso kupezeka pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kutayika kwa mafupa kumalowetsedwe m'thupi ndikuwonetsa mwana wosabadwa kuti akhale ndi poizoni wambiri.
Kudziwa
Kutsogolera poizoni kungapezeke kupyolera mu mayesero osiyanasiyana a lab lab ndi imaging. Kuyezetsa kwakukulu, komwe kumatchedwa magazi ofunikira (BLL), kungatiuze kuchuluka kwake komwe kuli m'magazi anu.
Muyeso yabwino, sipangakhale pitsogolere, koma ngakhale zochepa zingakhale zovomerezeka.
Magazi amatsogoleretsa magazi amayesedwa mu mawu a micrograms (μg) pa deciliter (dL) mwazi. Maulendo omwe amavomereza tsopano ndi awa:
- Pansi pa 5 μg / dL kwa ana
- Pansi pa 25 μg / dL akuluakulu
Pamene BLL ikhoza kufotokozera momveka bwino momwe muliri panopo, sizingatiuze kuti zotsatirazi zakhala zotani m'thupi lanu. Pachifukwachi, adokotala akhoza kulamula kuti X-ray fluorescence (XRF) yosakhala yowonongeka, makamaka yeniyeni yamphamvu ya X ray imene ingayang'ane kuchuluka kwa mtsogoleri wanu m'mapfupa anu ndikuwulula mbali za kuwerengera kwa nthawi yaitali .
Mayesero ena angaphatikizepo kuyesedwa kwa mafilimu a magazi pofuna kuyang'ana kusintha kwa maselo ofiira a magazi ndi erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) yomwe ingatipatse chitsimikizo cha momwe nthawi yowonekera ikuyendera.
Chithandizo
Njira yaikulu ya chithandizo cha poizoni wotsogolera imatchedwa chelation therapy . Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mawotchi omwe amamangiriza kutsogolera ndikupanga mtundu wosakhala ndi poizoni womwe ukhoza kutulutsidwa mosavuta mumtsinje.
Thandizo lachilendo limasonyeza anthu omwe ali ndi poizoni wowopsa kapena zizindikiro za kuperewera kwa ubongo. Zingathenso kulinganiziridwa kwa aliyense amene BLL ili pamwamba pa 25 μg / dL. Mankhwala a Chelation alibe phindu m'magulu aakulu pansipa.
Mankhwala angaperekedwe pamlomo kapena mwachangu. Maofesi omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
- Bal mu mafuta (dimercaprol)
- Calcium disodium
- Chemet (dimercaptosuccinic acid)
- D-penicillamine
- EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra-acetic asidi)
Zotsatirapo zingaphatikizepo kupweteka mutu, malungo, kuzizira, kunyoza, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, mpweya wochepa, kupuma kwa mtima, ndi chifuwa. Nthawi zambiri, kugwidwa, kupuma kwa mpweya, kusokonezeka kwa impso, kapena kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kwadziwika kuti zichitika.
Mawu Ochokera
Kuwotcha poizoni kungakhale koopsya chifukwa simungathe kuwuza nthawi zonse ngati inu kapena mwana wanu wadziwika. Pali njira zowunika nyumba yanu ngati muli ndi nkhawa, kuphatikizapo makiti oyesera kunyumba omwe alipo pakati pa $ 10 ndi $ 30 pamasitolo ogulitsa.
Ndibwino kuti, ngati mukukhala m'nyumba yakale yomwe simunakonzerepo, mungagwire ntchito yofufuza zoopsa ndi boma kapena Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Padakali pano, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa banja lanu:
- Onetsetsani kuti aliyense amasamba manja nthawi zambiri.
- Phunzitsani ana kuti asaike manja kapena zala m'kamwa mwawo.
- Apatseni aliyense zowonjezera chitsulo ndi calcium.
- Pukuta ndi kuthira madzi mobwerezabwereza.
- Limbikitsani ana kuti asewere m'nthaka pozungulira pakhomo ngati utoto wa kunja ukutsika kapena ukuwonongeka.
- Ikani khomo lamkati mkati ndi kunja kwa zipata zanu.
- Limbikitsani aliyense kuchotsa nsapato zawo asanalowe.
- Ngati mumagwira ntchito ku fakitale kapena kubzala kumene kuli koopsa kwa kutsogolera, sambani ndi kusintha zovala zanu musanapite kunyumba.
> Zotsatira:
> Jacobs, D. Kupha Poizoni: Kuyika pa Kukonzekera. J Pub Health Gwiritsani Ntchito Kuchita. 2016; 22 (4): 326-330. DOI: 10.1097 / PHH.0000000000000430.
> Chenjezo, C ;; Tsang, K.; ndi Galazka, S. Poizoni Oyambitsa Ana. Am Phys Physician. 2010; 81 (6): 751-57.