Kusokonezeka kwa Magazi

Zachidule Zokhudza Kukhumudwa kwa Magazi

Matenda a magazi amakhudza mavuto m'magazi athu kapena mafupa. Pambuyo pobadwa, mafupa athu (mafuta omwe ali pakati pa mafupa athu) ndiwo magwero aakulu a maselo atsopano a magazi. Kawirikawiri, mavuto omwe mafupa athu amachititsa maselo a magazi amachititsa kuti magazi asokonezeke. Matenda a magazi amatha kuchitika kuchokera kumagawo anayi a magazi athu:

1. Maselo oyera-omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda.
2. Maselo ofiira ofiira-omwe amanyamula oksijeni m'matumba.

1. Mipata ya pulasitiki-yomwe imathandizira kusiya magazi.
2. Plasma-yomwe imanyamula zigawo zikuluzikulu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo zinthu zowonjezera (zomwe zimathandiza kuti magazi asayambe) ndi zizindikiro za anticoagulant (zomwe zimateteza maonekedwe a clot).

> Onetsetsani mitsempha ndi maselo ofiira otsala.

Ziwerengero zazikulu za maselo oyera a magazi zimatchedwa leukocytosis ndipo ziwerengero zochepa zimatchedwa leukopenia. Pali mitundu isanu ya maselo oyera a magazi, zomwe zonsezi zingakhudzidwe:

1. Granulocytes (amatchedwanso neutrophils kapena neutrophils)

• Kuteteza Mthunzi Wozama Thrombosis

• Zachidule za Platelet Disorders

1. Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
3. Eosinophils
4. Basophils

Zambiri zamankhwala zimagwirizana ndi matenda aakulu a magazi osiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri, pamene madokotala amatchula chinachake monga matenda a magazi, akusonyeza kuti siwopweteka (wonyansa).

Matenda ena amagazi amakhala mu danga pakati pabwino ndi oopsa (khansa) -ndipo nthawi yomwe imatchulidwa ngati yoyenera-ndipo ikhoza kukhala khansara. Kafukufuku wa khansa ya m'magazi nthawi zambiri sali m'gulu lonse la matenda a magazi monga khansa ya magazi / mafupa. Matenda a magazi amawonekera kwambiri ndi odwala matenda a hematologists-madokotala omwe amadziwika bwino pa matenda ndi magazi kapena / kapena mafupa.

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana

• Neutropenia ndi kuchepa kwa neutrophils, mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi. Ma neutrophils ndiwo mbali yofunikira ya chitetezo cha m'thupi lanu chomwe chimamenyana ndi matenda a bakiteriya. Pali zifukwa zambiri kuphatikizapo autoimmune neutropenia, Shwachman Diamond Syndrome, ndi cyclic neutropenia.
• Matenda a magazi amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi kapena hemoglobin-mapuloteni omwe amanyamula mpweya. Matenda a magazi amatha chifukwa cha kusowa kwachitsulo, matenda a sickle cell, kapena thalassemia.
• Polycythemia vera (PV) ndi mkhalidwe umene mafupa anu amapanga maselo ofiira ambiri. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kungakweze chiopsezo chanu chokonzekera.
• Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) ndi mkhalidwe umene mapulaneti anu amadziwika kuti "akunja" ndipo amawonongedwa. Izi zingapangitse kuwerengeka kochepa kwambiri pamatope ndi magazi.
• Thrombocytosis amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa mapulaneti. Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri, chiwerengero cha mapaleti chokwera chimayambitsidwa ndi china chake (chithandizo cha thrombocytosis) chomwe chidzakhala bwino pamene vutoli likula bwino. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matendawa ndizimene zimapangitsa kuti mafupa anu akhale ndi mapepala apamwamba kwambiri omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale magazi.

• Hemophilia ndi chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono zinthu zowonjezera (8, 9, ndi 11) zichepetse. Izi zimachititsa kuti magazi azikhala ochepa. Anthu omwe ali ndi haemophilia nthawi zina amatchedwa "azungu azimayi".
• Mankhwala a magazi (omwe amatchedwanso thrombosis) akhoza kuchitika paliponse m'thupi. Mu ubongo, umatchedwa stroke; mu mtima, umatchedwa matenda a mtima (kapena matenda a myocardial infarction). Mkati mwa mitsempha ya thrombosis (DVT) nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza kuika magazi m'mikono kapena miyendo.

Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro za matenda amagazi zimasiyana mofanana ndi matenda. Matenda ena amagazi amachititsa zizindikiro zochepa, pamene ena ali ndi udindo wambiri. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi kumayambitsa kutopa, kupuma pang'ono, kapena kuchuluka kwa mtima.
• Thrombocytopenia ingayambitse kuvulaza kapena kutuluka m'mphuno kapena mphuno.
• Hemophilia ingayambitsenso magazi ochulukirapo koma imadziwika kuti imalumikiza minofu ndi ziwalo makamaka popanda kuvulazidwa.
• Magazi amawomba m'manja kapena miyendo imayambitsa kutupa ndi ululu.

Kudziwa

Dokotala wanu adzakuonani inu ndi zizindikiro zanu kuti mudziwe momwe mungapezere matenda.

Izi zidzatsimikiziranso ntchito yomwe ikufunika kuti zitsimikizidwe. Monga momwe mwaganizira, nthawi zambiri ntchito ya magazi ikufunika. Nthawi zina matenda a magazi amapezeka pa ntchito ya lab yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zifukwa zina monga mayeso a pachaka.

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kuti apeze matenda a magazi ndi chiwerengero chathunthu cha magazi (CBC). CBC imawoneka mitundu itatu ya maselo a magazi ndipo imayesa ngati imodzi mwa maselo a magazi ikuwonjezeka kapena imachepa kapena ngati oposa selo limodzi la magazi lasokonezedwa. Kudziwa izi kungachititse kuti munthu azindikire kapena kudziwa ngati ntchito yowonjezera ikufunika. Magazi a magazi angathenso kuphatikizidwa ndi CBC ndipo amalola dokotala wanu (kapena kuti pathologist) kuyang'ana maselo a magazi pansi pa microscope kuti apereke zambiri zothandiza.

Ngati muli ndi magazi ochulukirapo, dokotala wanu angayang'ane kuyesa magazi kumene kumatchedwa "makola". "Coags" nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo mayesero awiri omwe amayang'anitsitsa wanu coagulation system-prothrombin nthawi (PT) ndi nthawi partial thromboplastin (PTT).

• Momwe Magazi Amavala Amapezeka

• Kutsogolera Poizoni: Zizindikiro, Zizindikiro, ndi Mavuto

Mayeserowa amapereka zambiri zokhudzana ndi momwe magazi anu amatha. Ngati PT kapena PTT ikukhalitsa (posonyeza kuti mumatha kuuluka kuposa anthu ena), ntchito yowonjezera idzachitidwa. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuitanitsa mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa coagulation kapena kuyang'ana ntchito ya mapepala anu.

Magazi a magazi ndi osiyana kwambiri. Kuti muwadziwe, dokotala wanu adzafunika kufotokoza za malo. M'mikono kapena miyendo, ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zophikira zotheka. M'mapapo kapena ubongo, CT (computerized tomography) kapena MRI (magnetic resonance imaging scans) amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chithandizo

Chithandizo chimatsimikiziridwa ndi matenda anu enieni. Matenda ena amagazi alibe mankhwala enieni koma angafunikire chithandizo pa zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwachitsulo kudzapatsidwa mankhwala owonjezera. Beta wamkulu wa thalassemia, womwe umatengera magazi, umachizidwa magazi tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Hemophilia ikhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi coagulation chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira magazi kapena, pamene amaperekedwa nthawi zonse, amapewa magazi (prophylaxis).

Ndikofunika kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu zomwe chithandizo chabwino ndi cha inu ndi momwe mukudziwira.

Mawu Ochokera

Kuphunzira iwe kapena wokondedwayo mwina ali ndi matenda a magazi angachititse mantha. Nthawi zina nkhawa imeneyi imakula pamene inu mumatumizidwira ku malo a khansa kuti muwone katswiri. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti dokotala wanu akuganiza kuti muli ndi khansara. Ambiri amachititsa kuti azimayi aziphunzitsidwa ndi matenda a khansa komanso agwiritsidwe ntchito m'makliniki ndi oncologists. Tikukhulupirira kuti kukhala ndi kumvetsetsa bwino momwe matenda amagazi adzathetsere mavuto anu.

> Chitsime:

> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Press O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). Williams Hematology (9th.) USA. Maphunziro a McGraw-Hill.