Matenda a platelet amagwirizana ndi imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya maselo a m'magazi, omwe amathandizira kukonzanso mitsempha ya kuwonongeka kwa magazi ndikusiya magazi. Mavitamini amapangidwa m'mafupa pamodzi ndi maselo oyera a magazi, omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda, ndi maselo ofiira a magazi, omwe amanyamula mpweya m'magazi.
Matenda a pulasitiki akhoza kuikidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: omwe amagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha mapulogalamu (omwe amadziwika ndi mapuloletiti ndi 150,000 maselo mpaka maselo 450,000 pa microliter) komanso omwe amagwirizana ndi mapuloteni.
Thrombocytopenia , yomwe imabweretsa chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri kuposa chibadwa, chingathe kukhalapo ngati mafupa sangathe kupanga chiwerengero chokhala ndi mapiritsi kapena ngati mapaleti awonongeka atapangidwa.
Thrombocytosis , yomwe imabweretsa chiwerengero chapamwamba-kuposa-chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi mapiritsi, chikhoza kuchitapo kanthu ku vuto lina lachipatala kapena chifukwa mafupa amapereka maselo ambiri. Matenda a mapuloteni amasiyana mozama kwambiri ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi chiwerengero chokhala ndi piritsi kapena thrombocytopenia malinga ndi mtunduwo.
Nambala zosawerengeka zapiritsi sizimakhudzidwa ndi zaka kapena kugonana monga maselo ofiira a magazi kapena hemoglobin.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Matenda a Platelet
- Chofunika kwambiri Thrombocythemia ndi matenda a myeloproliferative komwe mafupa amapanga mapaleti ambiri, kuonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi magazi.
- Chitetezo cha Immune thrombocytopenia ndi matenda omwe thupi limapanga ma antibodies pa mapepala ake. Thupi limalowera molakwika ndikuwononga mapiritsi, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi thrombocytopenia yoopsa komanso yopanda magazi. Kwa ana, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakhalitsa, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwa akuluakulu.
- Matenda okhudzana ndi vuto la MYH9 ndi gulu la zovuta zapakhungu . Matendawa amachotsedwa (anadutsa m'mabanja) ndipo akhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kutaya kwa kumva komanso / kapena kupweteka kwa impso.
- Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) imapezeka panthawi yoyembekezera kapena atangobadwa kumene. Mu mtundu uwu wa thrombocytopenia, pali kusiyana pakati pa mapiritsi a mayi ndi a mwana wake wakhanda. Ma antibodies ochokera kwa mayi amawononga mapepala a mwana, zomwe zingayambitse magazi ambiri.
- Thrombocytosis (kapena kukwera mtengo wa piritsi) ikhoza kuchitika pambuyo pa splenectomy (kuchotsa opaleshoni ya nthata), matenda atsopano, kapena kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi. Izi zimatchedwa kuti zowonongeka kapena zapachirombo. Izi kawirikawiri zimakhala zosakhalitsa komanso zimakhala zothandiza pochiza chifukwa chachikulu.
- Congenital megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) ndi yachilendo, yobadwa (kutanthauza kuti mumabadwa nawo) matenda omwe mafupa sangathe kupanga mapaleti kawirikawiri.
Zizindikiro za Matenda a Platelet
Zizindikiro za matenda a platelet zimasiyana mofanana ndi matenda. Zimadalira kuwerengeka kwa mapiritsi ndi ntchito za platelets.
Kusokonezeka ndi thrombocytopenia kapena kugwirizana ndi mapuloteni kumakhala kawirikawiri kumakhala ndizizindikiro za magazi monga:
- Nosebleeds
- Kutaya magazi
- Kuchuluka kwa msambo magazi ( menorrhagia )
- Kutuluka mwadzidzidzi pambuyo povulazidwa kapena opaleshoni
Kusokonezeka ndi thrombocytosis sikungakhale ndi zizindikiro zoonekeratu. Maseŵera okwera kwambiri a mapaleletti angayambitse kupititsa patsogolo kwa magazi (thrombi). Zizindikiro zimagwirizana ndi kukula kwa magazi.
- Mutu
- Masomphenya amasintha
- Kupweteka pachifuwa
Kuzindikira Matenda a Platelet
Kuyesedwa kofala kwambiri kwa matenda a platelet ndi chiwerengero chathunthu cha magazi ( CBC ) . Kuyezetsa magazi kosavuta kumaphatikizapo zambiri zokhudza maselo onse a magazi, kuphatikizapo chiwerengero cha mapiritsi.
Dokotala wanu angapemphe kuti mapiritsi apitirize kuyang'anitsidwa pansi pa microscope; izi zimatchedwa magazi smear . Izi zidzalola dokotala wanu kudziwa ngati mbale yanu yayamba kukula kapena ayi. Zambiri mwa zovuta zapakhungu zomwe zimatulutsidwa zimayambitsa mapapulaneti omwe ndi aakulu kuposa omwe amatha kuwonedwa pamagazi a magazi. Zina zimakhala zosowa zikuluzikulu za mapiritsi, otchedwa granules.
Matenda a mapuloteni angakhale ndi chiwerengero chokhala ndi mapiritsi. Matendawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi matenda ena a magazi monga hemophilia . Kuyeza kuyesa, komwe kumatchedwa kuti coagulation studies, (monga prothrombin nthawi, kapena PT, ndi nthawi yochepa ya thromboplastin, kapena PTT) ndi yachibadwa.
Kuzindikira kusokonezeka kwa mapuloteni kungakhale kofunika kuyesa monga nthawi yamagazi, kuyesa mapulogalamu a platelet, kuyesedwa kwa papepala, ndi / kapena mapulogalamu a microscopy.
Ngati pali zovuta kuti mafupa anu asagwire bwino ntchito, fupa la mafupa lingakhale lofunika ngati gawo la ntchito.
Kuchiza kwa Matenda a Platelet
Chithandizo cha matenda a platelet chimakhalanso zosiyanasiyana ndipo chimatsimikiziridwa ndi matenda anu enieni. Matenda ena a platelet sangafunikire mankhwala enaake, pamene ena angangotenga chithandizo pa zochitika zowawa ngati magazi.
- Kuika magazi magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muli ndi magazi ambiri. Kuika magazi m'magazi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda a mapuloteni (mosasamala kanthu kowerengeka) ndi matenda ambiri a platelet ndi thrombocytopenia.
- Steroids ngati prednisone ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu matenda okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, monga ITP.
- Imayoglobulin (yotchedwa IVIG) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, monga ITP ndi NAIT.
- Aspirin imachepetsa ntchito ya mapaleletti ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuteteza kuti magazi asapangidwe pakufunika kwa thrombocythemia.
- Mankhwala otsutsana ndi fibrinolytic ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuti zikhale zowonongeka makamaka pa malo amchere a mucosa (mkamwa, mphuno, chiberekero, etc.) Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamatendawa, m'magazi, ndi menorrhagia. Angagwiritsenso ntchito pambuyo pochita opaleshoni pofuna kupewa magazi.
Ndikofunika kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu zomwe chithandizo chabwino ndi cha inu ndi momwe mukudziwira.
Mawu Ochokera
Kusuta kuchokera ku matenda a platelet kungadabwe. Kumvetsa chifukwa chomwe mumayambira magazi kumakuthandizani inu ndi dokotala wanu kukambirana njira zabwino zothandizira. Ngati matenda anu a platelet adzalandira, chidziwitsochi chingakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati achibale ena ayesedwe. Yesani kusalola mantha anu kukhala abwino koposa inu; kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu nkhawa zanu. Chifukwa chakuti amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi mankhwala, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mapuloteni akhoza kuchiritsidwa pa malo opatsirana a hemophilia.
> Chitsime:
> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Press O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). Williams Hematology (9th.) USA. Maphunziro a McGraw-Hill.