Matenda a Platelet ndi gulu la matenda otha magazi omwe mapuloteni samagwirira ntchito moyenera, zomwe zimatsogolera ku magazi. Matendawa akhoza kulandira (anadutsa m'mabanja) kapena amapezedwa (atapangidwa nthawi ina).
Kodi Zizindikiro Zotani za Platelet Function Disorder?
Platelets ndi mbali imodzi ya mawotchi athu, njira yomwe imatithandiza kusiya magazi.
Ngati mapulogalamu anu sangagwire bwino ntchito, muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi magazi. Zizindikiro zingakhalepo:
- Kuwonjezereka koopsa
- Nosebleeds
- Kutaya magazi
- Menorrhagia (kutaya magazi kwambiri)
- Kuthamanga kwanthawi yaitali pambuyo pa kudula kapena kuvulala kwina
- Kuchetsa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi opaleshoni
Kodi Chimachititsa Bwanji Mavuto a Ntchito Platelet?
Matenda opangidwa ndi Platelet angagawidwe m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: congenital (choloĊµa cholowa) kapena opezeka. Matenda ambiriwa ndi ophatikizana, kuphatikizapo:
- Thrombasthenia ya Glanzmann
- Matenda a Bernard-Soulier
- Matenda a galasi
- Matenda owopsa a MYH9: May-Hegglin akudwala, Epstein matenda, matenda a Fechtner, ndi matenda a Sebastian
- Matenda a Wiskott-Aldrich: Awa ndiwo matenda a immunodeficiency ndi mapuloteni osayenera. Amadziwika ndi timapepala tating'onoting'onoting'ono (zovuta kwambiri zaplatelet function disorders ndi zachilendo ndi mapaleti akuluakulu).
- Matenda a Chediak-Higashi
- Matenda a Hermansky-Pudlak
Zomwe zimayambitsa zikuphatikizapo:
- Mankhwala: Mankhwala monga aspirin, dipyridamole (Persantine), ndi clopidgrel (Plavix) apangidwa kuti athe kuchepetsa ntchito ya mapaleletti. Ibuprofen imachepetsanso mphamvu za mapalelet koma osapitirira aspirin.
- Matenda a chiwindi
- Uremia (matenda aakulu a chiwindi)
- Matenda a myeloproliferative monga thrombocythemia yofunikira
Kodi Maganizo Ogwira Ntchito a Platelet Amadziwika Bwanji?
Kulimbana ndi matenda ena a platelet, omwe nthawi zambiri amawoneka ndi nambala ya platelet (kukwera kapena kutsika), matenda okhudza mapulogalamu a platelet angakhale ndi chiwerengero chokhala ndi mapepala apamwamba.
Mitundu ina ya matenda a mapuloteni amatha kukhala ndi thrombocytopenia , kapena kuchuluka kwaplatelet count. Mipiritsiyi iyenera kuyang'anitsidwa pansi pa microscope pamagazi a magazi. Zambiri mwa mabala a congenital platelet zimayambitsa mapapulaneti omwe ndi aakulu kuposa ozolowereka. Zina zimasowa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mapaleti, otchedwa granules, omwe amatha kuwoneka. Nthawi zina mapuloletti amakhala ofanana ndi maonekedwe.
Ntchito yotsalayo imayambanso chimodzimodzi ndi matenda ena otha magazi. Kulimbana ndi hemophilia (matenda a coagulation zinthu), kuyesa kuyesa monga prothrombin nthawi (PT) ndi nthawi ya thromboplastin (PTT) ndi yachibadwa. Kuzindikira kusokonezeka kwa mapulogalamu a platelet kumafuna kuyesedwa kwapadera. M'munsimu muli mndandanda wamfupi wa mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Nthawi yobwezera: Seweroli silinaganizidwe mozama ku mapiritsi a mapulogalamu ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mayesero sichiyesedwa kuti ndiyeso yeniyeni ya mawotchi.
- Platelet ntchito assay: Izi zimaonedwa ndi anthu ambiri kuti ayesedwe bwino poyezetsa mapepala. Mayesowa amakhudzidwa ndi chiwerengero cha platelet ndipo sangakhale wolondola ngati muli ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha platelet.
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumayang'ana momwe mapulaneti amathandizira wina ndi mnzake (aggregation) poyankha zosiyana. Mayesowa angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeza kupambana kwa aspirin kapena clopidogrel (Plavix) mankhwala.
- Platelet microscopy microscopy: Iyi ndi njira yapadera kuyang'ana mapaleti ndi microscope yapadera yomwe ingakhoze kuona mbali iliyonse ya platelet.
Kodi mankhwalawa ndi otani?
Kuchiza kumachokera pa vuto lapulogalamu yamtundu umodzi yomwe muli nayo. Matenda ena a mapuloteni safunikira kawirikawiri kuchipatala pokhapokha ngati mukuvulala kapena mukufunika opaleshoni.
- Aspirin ndi NSAIDs: Pewani aspirin kapena anti-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) monga ibuprofen. Mankhwala awa amachepetsa ntchito ya mapaleletti omwe angaipitse ngozi yotaya magazi.
- Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana: Mofanana ndi zina zomwe zimachititsa kuti magazi azipita kumsambo, njira zothandizira ana zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azisamba kumaliseche.
- Mankhwala otsutsana ndi fibrinolytic: Chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuti thupi likhale labwino, makamaka pa malo ozizira a mucosa (mkamwa, mphuno, ndi zina zotero), mankhwala opatsirana ndi anicibrinolytic monga Amicar kapena Lysteda angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusiya kuika magazi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera amenewa kuti azitha kupuma, kumwa magazi, ndi menorrhagia. Angagwiritsenso ntchito patatha opaleshoni (makamaka, pakamwa, mphuno, ndi mmero) pofuna kupewa magazi.
- Kuika magazi: Ngakhale m'magazi opangidwa ndi mapuloteni omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chokhala ndi mapiritsi oyenera, kupiritsika kwaplate kungagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa cha magazi ambiri kapena ngati mukufuna kupita ku opaleshoni.
- Chowopsa VIIa (NovoSevenRT) kulowetsedwa: Chogwiritsiranso ntchitocho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala ena omwe ali ndi vuto la ntchito. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa odwala omwe sangathe kulandira kupatsirana kwapuloleteni monga chithandizo cha mankhwala.