Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) mwachidule

Matenda Odzidzimutsa

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), yotchedwa immune thrombocytopenic purpura, ndilo thupi limene lilibe mapaleletti okwanira. Mipata ya magazi ndi maselo a magazi omwe amathandiza kuti asiye kutuluka mwazi.

"Idiopathic" (id-ee-o-PATH-ick) amatanthauza kuti chifukwa cha matenda sichikudziwika.

"Thrombocytopenic" (throm-bo-site-o-PEE-nick) amatanthauza mbale zotsika magazi.

"Purpura" (PURR-purr-ah) amatanthawuza kuti munthuyo ali ndi kupweteka kwambiri.

Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti ITP ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Thupi limapanga ma antibodies kumenyana ndi matenda, koma mu ITP ma antibodies amachititsa kuti awononge maselo abwino a thupi. Chimene chimachititsa kuti izi zisadziwike. ITP imapezeka anthu 50 mpaka 150 miliyoni pa chaka. Pafupifupi hafu ya anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ana. ITP ingakhudze amai 2 kapena 3 mobwerezabwereza kuposa amuna.

Mitundu

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ITP.

• Zovuta ITP ndi mtundu wa ITP wa kanthaŵi kochepa kapena waufupi. Nthawi zambiri imakhala miyezi yosachepera 6. Ndilo mtundu wochuluka wa ITP ndipo umapezeka makamaka kwa ana, anyamata ndi atsikana, kawirikawiri amakhala pakati pa 2 ndi 4. Kawirikawiri imachitika mwana atakhala ndi matenda kapena akudwala ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• Kachilombo ka HIV katha nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachititsa zizindikiro kwa miyezi 6 kapena kuposerapo. Amakhudza kwambiri anthu akuluakulu, koma nthawi zina achinyamata kapena ana amakula.

Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro za ITP zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuphwanyidwa kosavuta kapena kochuluka; kuvulaza kungachitike popanda chifukwa (purpura)
• Madontho ofiira kwambiri ofiira pakhungu (petechiae), makamaka m'munsi mwa miyendo, yomwe imayambitsidwa kuchokera pansi pa khungu
• Kudula kumene kumatenga nthawi yaitali kuti asiye kutuluka magazi
• Kutsekemera kapena kutuluka m'magazi

• Magazi mu mkodzo kapena kayendedwe kake
• Akazi akhoza kukhala ndi kulemera kwa msambo wolemera

Anthu ena okhala ndi ITP wofatsa akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kapena zosaoneka.

Kudziwa

Kusanthula kwa ITP kumapangidwanso pofufuza za mbiri yachipatala, kuunika kwa thupi, ndi kuyesa magazi. Pakati pa mbiri ndi kuunika, dokotala wanu adzayang'ana zizindikiro za magazi ndi zina zomwe zingayambitse nambala zochepa zamagazi m'magazi. Kuyezetsa magazi kumaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC), yomwe mu ITP idzasonyezera chiwerengero chochepa cha mapaleti, ndi magazi omwe amapezeka m'magazi.

Kodi ITP Hereditary?

Ochita kafukufuku sanazindikire chifukwa cha ITP kukhala cholowa ngati matendawa sakhala othamanga m'mabanja.

Chithandizo

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi mtundu wovuta wa ITP amachotsedwa kwathunthu ku ITP m'miyezi 6 popanda chithandizo. Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha ITP sangafunikire chithandizo. Kuchiza kwa ITP kumapitiriza kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mapiritsi m'magazi. Kwa akuluakulu ndi ana amene amafunikira chithandizo, corticosteroid ngati Prednisone nthawi zambiri imatengedwa kwa masabata angapo kapena miyezi kuti kuchepetsa kutentha thupi. Mankhwala ena omwe angathandizire kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha mapiritsi ndi immune globulin.

Amaperekedwa mobwerezabwereza (kupyolera mu singano m'mitsempha).

Odwala akamayankha mankhwala, nthendayi imatha kuchotsedwa mthupi. Mu ITP, nthata imalingaliridwa kuti ndi malo ofunika kwambiri owonetsetsa kuti antibody ndi kuwonongeka. Komabe, kuchotsa nthata kungapangitse munthu kukhala pachiopsezo chotenga matenda osiyanasiyana.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi ITP omwe ali ndi magazi ambiri akhoza kulandira magazi. Mapepala a donor ochokera m'mabanki a magazi amalowetsedwa m'magazi a munthu kuti awonjezere pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero cha mapaleti m'thupi.

Mankhwala otchedwa Rituxan (rituximab) akuyesa kuyesedwa ngati chithandizo cha matenda aakulu a ITP.

Amaperekedwanso mwatsatanetsatane. Mankhwala ena ambiri akuyesedwanso. Platelet Disorder Support Association ikulemba mndandanda wa mayesero a ITP omwe akuchitika.

_Zotsatira:

_{Kupenda Mwanayo ndi Purpura. American Academy of Family Physicians. www.aafp.org.}

_{Kodi Immune Thrombocytopenia N'chiyani? National Heart Lung ndi Magazi Institute.}

_{B-cell Depletion (anti-CD20.Achigawo cha Platelet Disorder Support Association www.pdsa.org.}