Zifukwa ndi Zoopsa za Poizoni Oyambitsa

Zomwe Zingakuwonetseni Inu Simungadziwe Zokhudza

Ngakhale kuti malamulo amachotsa kutsogolera kuchokera ku zinthu monga kupenta ndi mafuta, pali ngozi yowonjezereka ya kutsogolera ndi poizoni ku United States.

Palibenso chitsanzo chabwino kuposa ichi cha 2016 ku Flint, Michigan komwe anthu oposa 100,000 anadziwika kuti amatsogoleredwa chifukwa chokhala ndi mabomba omwe amatha nthawi yambiri m'madzi a madzi komanso malo osamaliramo mankhwala. M'chaka chotsatira mliriwu, osachepera asanu mwa ana asanu omwe anawonetsedwa anali ndi mpweya wabwino m'thupi lawo.

Kuwongolera kutsogolo kungabwere kuchokera ku kukhudzana ndi kutsogolera mlengalenga, fumbi la nyumba, nthaka, madzi, ndi malonda. Kupitiliza kuwonetseredwa kwa miyezi kapena zaka zingathe kutsogolera poizoni.

Zowopsa

Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ana ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha poizoni wotsogolera chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo:

• Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti ziziyenda bwino chifukwa cha khalidwe labwino.
• Amamwa kutsogolera mofulumira kuposa momwe akulu amachitira.
• Iwo ali ndi kuthamanga kwapuma mofulumizitsa ndipo amachititsa kachilombo kowonjezereka kwa thupi.
• Zili pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuziyika m'nthaka kapena pansi.

Zinthu zina zingapangitse akulu ndi ana kukhala pangozi. Mmodzi mwa iwo akukhala m'nyumba yosamangidwanso yomangidwa pasanayambe 1978 (chaka pamene kutsogolera kunali koletsedwa mwachitsulo kuchokera ku zinthu zopenta).

Ichi chokha chimasintha kuopsa kokhala poizoni wothandizira pakati pa anthu osauka, amitundu omwe amakhala m'nyumba zosawerengeka. Ndipotu, malinga ndi CDC, ana a ku America amapezeka kuti amapezeka poizoni kuposa ana oyera.

Pakati pa asanu ndi atatu omwe amapezeka ku United States:

1 -

Peint

Mtoto ukhoza kukhala gwero lodziwika bwino la kutsogolera kutsogolo ku United States. Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), chiopsezocho n'chofunika kwambiri m'nyumba iliyonse yomangidwa pasanayambe 1978 ndipo imawonjezera kukula kwa nyumbayo.

Zotsatira za EPA zikusonyeza kuti:

• 24 peresenti ya nyumba zomangidwa pakati pa 1960 ndi 1977 zidakonzera utoto kwinakwake mnyumbamo.
• 69 peresenti ya nyumba zomangidwa pakati pa 1940 ndi 1959 zidzakhala ndi penti yopangidwa.
• 87 peresenti ya nyumba zomangidwa patsogolo pa1940 ziyenera kuti zakhala zikupangira utoto mkati mwawo.

Mng'onoting'ono wa kutuluka ndiwopambana paliponse utoto wakale ukuwombera, kukupukuta, kukuta, kupukuta, kapena kusowa madzi. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kuzungulira mafelemu, zitseko, zitoliro, zitseko, ndi zitsulo zomwe manja angathenso kutenga mapepala ndi ma particles.

Ngakhale utoto wothandizira utayikidwa pansi pa utoto watsopano si vuto, kukonzanso nyumba komwe kumaphatikizapo kukonza pulasitala kapena pepala kungapatse mpata woonekera. Pamene kudontha, kupukuta, ndi nkhope kumaso kungachepe kwambiri, EPA ikupempha kuti muchotse ana alionse kapena amayi apakati kuchokera kunyumba mpaka kukonzanso kukwanira.

2 -

Nthaka

Mtsogoleri ndi chitsulo chodziwika bwino chomwe chimadziwika ndi mtundu wake wa bluu-gray. Ngakhale kuti zimapezeka mosavuta m'chilengedwe, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri m'nthaka ndipo sizingakhale zoopsa.

Zomwezo sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku dera lakumidzi lomwe lasokonezedwa ndi kupenta utoto ku nyumba zakale kapena nyumba. Dothi loyandikana ndi magalimoto akuluakulu ndi lofunikanso, ndipo kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti pakati pa mamiriyoni anayi ndi asanu a kutsogolo komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafuta amakhalabe panthaka ndi pfumbi.

Ngati nyumba yanu ikulira, EPA ikukulimbikitsani kuti muyang'ane kunja kwa pepala lopaka kapena lopweteka. Ngati mulipo, mungapewe kufufuza nthaka mkati mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipinda mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumba ndikuchotsa nsapato zanu musanalowe.

Ngati simungakwanitse kubwezeretsanso nyumba yanu, muyenera kuganizira tchire pafupi ndi nyumbayo kuti ana asokonezeke kusewera.

3 -

Madzi

Ngakhale kutsogolera sikukupezeka m'nyanja ndi madzi ena, zimatha kulowa m'madzi komanso kupanga mapaipi ngati mapaipi akuluakulu saloledwa m'malo mwake ndikuyamba kuwomba. Izi ndizowona ngati mapaipi okhawo sanapangidwe kutsogolera.

Mpaka mu 1986, mapaipi achitsulo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito solder. Choncho, ngakhale mapaipi ali ndi zochepera zisanu ndi zitatu (1) zowonjezera (chilolezo chovomerezeka pansi pa lamulo lino), solder yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuigwiritsira ntchito ingakhale ndi mndandanda wapamwamba wa kutsogolera. Pokhapokha madzi atayesedwa, palibe njira yodziwira.

Palinso magwero ena a kutsogolera m'madzi athu omwe amapezedwanso. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndikumwa akasupe m'masukulu akale omwe sangayang'ane m'mayiko ambiri. Mu 2017, sukulu ya sekondale ya San Diego inazindikira izi patangotha ​​galu yothandizira kumwa madzi kuchokera ku kasupe.

Ngakhale pakuyesetsa kuyendetsa madzi, bungwe la EPA linanena kuti madzi akumwa amapanga pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya kutengeka kwa munthu kutsogolera.

4 -

Makamera ndi Crystal

Zina ndi zojambulajambula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mchere ndi zowonjezera zimakhala ndi mndandanda waukulu wa kutsogolo ndipo, motere, sikuti amagwiritsidwe ntchito pa dinerware kapena kutumikira mbale. Pamene chakudya kapena zakumwa ziikidwa mwa iwo, kutsogolera kumatha kumasuka mosavuta.

Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa akale akale ndi ceramicware omwe amakhala osowa kwambiri. Chodetsa nkhaŵa makamaka chimatengera mchere wamtundu umene ukhoza kulembedwa kuti "wopanda mtsogoleri" komabe uli ndi zitsulo zochulukirapo. Chenjezo la 2010 loperekedwa ndi US US Food and Drug Administration analangiza ogwiritsa ntchito chiopsezo pambuyo poti maulendo apamwamba apezeka ku ceramicware kuchokera ku Mexico.

Kutsogolera kristalo ndichinthu chodetsa nkhaŵa. Zojambula zimakhala zovuta kwambiri chifukwa vinyo, zakumwa zamadzi, ndi timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timathandizira kupititsa patsogolo kutsogolo kwa mpweya kupita ku decanted fluid. Ngati mwatsogolera glassware, EPA akulangiza kuti musagwiritse ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kusungirako zakudya kapena zamadzimadzi.

5 -

Mankhwala Achikhalidwe ndi Othandizira

Mankhwala achibadwidwe ayenera kukhumudwitsidwa chifukwa amalephera kuletsedwa ku United States.

Mankhwala a Ayurvedic ndi mankhwala ochiritsira ochokera ku India, Kumwera cha Kum'maŵa kwa Asia, Middle East, Dominican Republic, ndi Mexico akudandaula kwambiri chifukwa palibe njira yodziŵira momwe zowonjezerazo zasinthira, momwe zidawongolera zinthu zomwe iwo anapanga.

Ndipotu, ofufuza, sulfure, arsenic, mkuwa, ndi golide amaphatikizapo mwachangu mankhwala ambiri a Ayurvedic omwe amakhulupirira kuti amapereka thanzi labwino, anatero ochita kafukufuku a Yale University School of Medicine.

Mwa mankhwala omwe anthu a CDC amadziwika kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chowongolera kutsogolo:

• Azarcon ndi greta ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe cha ku Puerto Rico omwe atengedwa kuti asokonezeke m'mimba.
• Baba -san ndi mankhwala a Chitsamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira colic.
• Njira ya Daw ndi chithandizo chamagetsi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Thailand ndi ku Myanmar.
• Ghasard ndi mankhwala achimwenye amwenye omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tonic.

Komanso, si mankhwala omwe akukayikira; Zosakaniza ndi zodzoladzola zimakhudzidwa.

Mitengo yamtengo wapatali yochokera ku Mexico, Malaysia, China, ndi India (makamaka yomwe imavundikira ndi tamarind, ufa woumba, kapena salt) imayenera kupeŵa monga izi zimakhala ndi maulendo apamwamba. Chimodzimodzinso ndi zodzoladzola zachikhalidwe, monga kohl zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ena a Middle East, North Africa, ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia kuti afotokoze maso.

Ngakhale kutengerako zodzoladzola tsiku ndi tsiku ngati milomo ndi eyeliners ziyenera kupeŵedwa pamene sizikuyendera zovuta zisanayambe kugulitsidwa pansi pa US Federal Food, Drug, ndi Cosmetic Act.

6 -

Ntchito ndi Zosangalatsa

Malingana ndi EPA, ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti poizoni aziwotcha anthu akuluakulu ndi chifukwa cha kuwonetseredwa kwa malo ogwira ntchito. Zina mwa mafakitale omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotengera kutsogolo ndipamwamba:

• Kukonzekera thupi ndi kukonzanso
• Nkhondo ndi zipolopolo zopanga
• Kupanga mabatire ndi kubwezeretsanso
• Ntchito yomanga (makamaka kubwezeretsa kapena retrofitting)
• Kutha maphunziro azitali
• Galasi kapena kupanga kristalo
• Yambani kusuntha
• Yambani kupanga zolemera
• Chakudya chobwezeretsanso
• Minda
• Pewter kupanga
• Kukonza mabomba ndi ma radiator
• Kumangirira
• Kutsitsa zitsulo

Othandizira kuchita zinthu zotsatirazi ali pangozi:

• Chithunzi chojambula
• Kukonzekera bwino
• Electronics soldering
• Kupanga madzi opangira
• Metal soldering
• Kuumba zipolopolo, slugs, kapena kusambira
• Kupanga magalasi
• Kuwombera zida

Aliyense amene amachita ntchitozi kapena ntchitozi akhoza kubweretsa kutsogolera m'nyumba zawo. Ndikofunika kuti, kuchepetsa kufotokozeka kwa chiopsezo poyerekeza ndikusintha zovala ndi nsapato musanafike kunyumba kapena kumakhudza banja.

7 -

Toys

Toyu zopangidwa m'mayiko momwe kugwiritsa ntchito kutsogolera sikungalephereke kungakhalenso pangozi. Gawo lodetsa nkhaŵa ndiloti nthawi zambiri mumadziwa kuti chidole chotengera chamtundu chimakhala chitetezeka popeza palibe njira zowonetsera.

Ndizinenedwa kuti, popeza malamulo atsopano okhudza kutumiza anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi US Product Safety Commission mu 2008, chiwerengero cha toyamwitsa chowongolera chikugwera kuchokera 19 chaka cha 2008 mpaka chaka cha 2017.

Koma, sizongopeka chabe zidole zomwe zimakhudzidwa. Zojambula zakale, masewera a masikati, ngakhale makrayoni akale angakhale ndi mtsogoleri wochuluka. Momwemo, zingakhale bwino kusunga zinthu izi muzowonetsera kapena kuziponyera kunja ngati sizikuwoneka kuti ndizing'ono.

8 -

Mimba

Pamene chitsogozo chimalowa m'thupi lanu, chimatha kuwonjezeka m'matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo ubongo, matumbo, impso, chiwindi, ndi mafupa.

Pakati pa mimba, mafupa amachititsa mafupa amatha kukhala ovuta makamaka pamene kusintha kwa kagayidwe kake kumayambitsa kupweteka kwa fupa kwa mchiuno . Ngati izi zikuchitika, kutsogolera kungathe kulowa mudongosolo ndikuyambitsa chiopsezo kuti chikhale choopsa. Ana omwe amawatsogolera kutsogolera ali m'mimba ali pangozi yobadwa, kubadwa, komanso kubereka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kashiamu tsiku ndi tsiku pa nthawi ya mimba kumatha kutsutsana kwambiri ndi zotsatira zake.

> Zotsatira:

> Aquilera, E. Akutsogolera mu Kasupe Okumwa? Schools California ayenera Tsopano Yesetsani Kwa Iwo. KQED Sayansi. Inatulutsidwa pa January 10, 2018.

> Bungwe la Chiteteza. Tetezani Banja Lanu Kuchokera Pakati pa Zochitika Potsata. Washington, DC; zasinthidwa mwezi wa August 2017.

> Gunturu, K .; Nagarajan, P .; ndi McPhedran. Ayurvedic mankhwala a zitsamba ndi poizoni. J Hematol Oncol. 2011; 4:51. DOI: 10.1186 / 1756-8722-4-51.

> Schwarz, K; Pouyat, R .; ndi Yesilnois. I. Malamulo a Mtsogoleli M'nthaka ya Mtsinje Wokongola: Zophunzira kuchokera ku Phunziro la Zomera za Baltimore. Int J Zomwe Zingakuthandizeni Kukhala ndi Thanzi Labwino. 2016; 13 (2): 209. DOI: 10.3390 / ijerph13020209.

> Utsogoleri wa US Food and Drug Administration. Malangizo Othandizira Makampani: Chitetezo cha Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zojambula Zachikhalidwe Cholinga Chogwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Chakudya ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nthawi Yotsogolera "Potsogolera" mu Labeling of Pottery; Chidziwitso Choyenera cha Zokongoletsa ndi Zokongoletsera za Ceramicware. Silver Spring, Maryland; inaperekedwa mu November 2010.