Khansa yoopsa ndi mtundu wa khansara umene umayamba mu pharynx (throat) kapena larynx, omwe amadziwika kuti "mawu a bokosi." Mawu akuti "khansa ya kumtima" imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa, monga khansa ya nasopharyngeal, khansara ya oropharyngeal, kansa ya hypopharyngeal, ndi khansa yambiri yomwe imatha kumphuno.
Mwachidule
Khansara ikhoza kuyamba malo alionse m'thupi.
Zimayambira pamene maselo amakula kuchokera ku mphamvu ndikuyendetsa maselo ochibadwa. Izi zimapangitsa thupi kukhala lovuta kugwira ntchito momwe liyenera kukhalira komanso limayambitsa mavuto m'thupi lomwe khansa inayamba.
Zizindikiro
Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi malo otupa ndi mtundu, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa:
- Chifuwa chopitirira
- Zovuta kumeza
- Kulimbika kwa mawu kapena kuzimitsa khosi nthawi zambiri
- Chikhure
- Mphuno pammero
- Sinthani phokoso la mawu anu
- Kumveka kupuma kwakumveka
Ngati mukumva zizindikiro kwa milungu iwiri kapena kupitirira, muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu kuti aunike mayeso. Zizindikiro za matendawa n'zosavuta kumva, kutanthauza kuti ndizo zizindikiritso za matenda ena ambiri, ambiri omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa khansa ya m'mtima. Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zosayembekezereka, musamayembekezere kuti apite okha asanamuwone dokotala. Kuchedwa kungakhale kusiyana pakati pa kuyang'ana koyambirira kapena kuchedwa kwa khansa, zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira zothandizira.
Zizindikiro zingathenso kubwera. Kulimbikira sikutanthauza nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, mungakhale ndi zilonda zam'mimba kwa sabata imodzi, kenako imatha masiku angapo, kenako imabwerera. Kaya zizindikiro zanu zimakhala zosalekeza kapena zosasintha, kupanga nthawi yoti muwone dokotala n'kofunika kuti muchotse matenda monga kansa.
Zimayambitsa
Ngakhale asayansi sakudziwa bwinobwino chomwe chimachititsa khansara ya khosi, ofufuza apeza zifukwa zingapo zoopsya za matenda, kuphatikizapo:
- Kusuta
- kumwa mowa
- HPV (papillomavirus ya munthu kudzera kugonana kosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito)
- kutuluka kwa asibesitosi
- zakudya zolimbitsa thupi
Kudziwa
Khansara yowopsya nthawi zambiri imapezeka ngati munthu akufuna thandizo lachipatala chimodzi kapena zingapo zazizindikirozi.
Choyamba, dokotala wanu ayang'ana mbiri yanu yaumoyo kuti adziwe ngati mungakhale pa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'khosi. Ngati mumasuta fodya, kapena mukamwa mowa, kapena ngati muli ndi zizolowezi zina zomwe zingakhale zovuta ku thanzi lanu, nkofunika kuti dokotala wanu adziwe. Pamene angakuchenjezeni momwe zizoloŵezizi zingakhudzire thanzi lanu ndikukulimbikitsani kuti muime, iye sakupereka chiweruzo. Kudziwa ngati kusuta fodya kapena kumwa zakumwa kungathandize dokotala kudziwa ngati muli pachiopsezo cha matenda ena, monga khansa ya mmero.
Ndiye, dokotala wanu adziyezetsa kachitidwe kawiri kawiri, komwe amamverera pamphepete mwazithunzithunzi kapena zosavuta zina. Ngati akuganiza kuti muli ndi khansa kapena matenda ena, mungatumizidwe kwa otolaryngologist , wotchedwanso katswiri wa ENT.
Dokotala wamtundu uwu amadziwika bwino pa zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi makutu, mphuno, ndi mmero.
Kuti muwone bwino mkati mwa mmero, dokotala wa ENT angakulimbikitseni kukhala ndi laryngoscopy . Panthawiyi, thupi lochepa kwambiri, limakhala lopweteka pamtima, ndipo amalola dokotala kuwona kumbuyo kwa mmero, makolo, ndi zingwe. Pakati pa laryngoscopy, chinyama cha minofu chingatengedwe ngati malo ena osakayikira amapezeka. Izi zimatchedwa "biopsy" ndipo zimatsimikizira kapena kuthetsa khansa.
Ngati khansayo imapezeka, ndiye kofunika kudziŵa kukula kwa khansara. Njirayi imatchedwa staging.
Dokotala adzafuna kuona ngati khansara yayamba kufalikira kumatenda kapena ziwalo zozungulira. Gawo la khansa ya m'kamwa lidzakhudza momwe njira ya chithandizo ikulimbikitsire.
Chithandizo
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimaganiziridwa ngati polojekiti ya mankhwala ikupangidwira kwa munthu amene ali ndi khansa ya mmimba. Mbadwo wa munthu ndi thanzi lonse labwino ndilofunikira, komanso mtundu, malo, ndi malo a khansa. Kaya khansa yayamba kufalikira kapena ayi, imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakuzindikiritsa njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala.
Mankhwala opaleshoni ndi ma radiation ndi njira zochiritsira za khansa ya m'khosi. Kuchita opaleshoni kumakhala kofala m'zigawo zonse za khansa ya kummero ndipo ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zowonongeka pamayambiriro oyambirira. Kuchita opaleshoni kungakhale kosavuta monga kugwiritsa ntchito laser therapy kuchotsa minofu ya khansa, kapena kungakhale koopsa.
Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati chithandizo chachikulu, ndipo nthawi zina amaperekedwa pambuyo pochita opaleshoni kuti athetse khansa iliyonse yotsalira kapena kuchotsa minofu yowopsa yomwe sungakhoze kuchotsedwa pa opaleshoni.
Anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansara ya khosi angadwale mankhwala enaake kuti athe kuchiza matendawa. Nthawi zambiri amalembedwa mogwirizana ndi njira zina zothandizira, monga opaleshoni ndi / kapena mankhwala othandizira, monga neoadjuvant kapena adjuvant therapy.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/what-is-cancer
> Ma Institutes of Health. Khansara - khosi kapena larynx. Idasinthidwa pa 28 Feb 2011. Ifikira 18 June 2011.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/001042.htm