ADI-R ndi imodzi mwa mayesero ofunikira ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuti autism.
Vuto la Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, lodziwika bwino monga ADI-R, ndi mafunso ofunsana mafunso omwe amaperekedwa kwa makolo a ana ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za autism kapena autism spectrum matenda. Mafunsowa ayenera kutenga pafupifupi mphindi 90 kapena kupereka.
Kodi kwenikweni ADI-R ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Malinga ndi webusaiti ya Autism Genetic Research Exchange (AGRE):
Kuyankhulana kuli ndi zinthu 93 ndipo zimayang'ana pazochitika m'madera atatu kapena madera: khalidwe la chiyanjano (mwachitsanzo, kugawana maganizo, kupatsa komanso kufunafuna chitonthozo, kusangalatsa komanso kusamalira ana ena); Kulankhulana ndi chilankhulo (mwachitsanzo, mawu osasinthika, kutembenuza, kutembenuza, chiyankhulo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu); ndi kubwerezabwereza, zoletsedwa ndi zozizwitsa zokhudzana ndi makhalidwe (mwachitsanzo, kudera nkhaŵa zachilendo, njira za manja ndi zala, zofuna zachilendo zosadziwika). Muyezowu umaphatikizansopo zinthu zina zothandizira kukonza mankhwala, monga kudzivulaza komanso ntchito zambiri.
Mayesowa akufunsa mafunso onse ndi enieni. Mwachitsanzo, makolo amafunsidwa za luso la kuyankhulana kwa mwana wawo pogwiritsa ntchito mitu yeniyeni yokhudza nkhani monga kuwonetsa , kumenyera mutu, ndi zina zotero. Zolankhulidwe zonse ndi zotsutsana ndi maubwenzi zimakhala zolembedwa, ponena za nthawi ya mwanayo.
Zambiri zimapangidwa m'madera olankhulana ndi chilankhulo, chiyanjano, komanso zoletsedwa kapena zobwerezabwereza. Mapu apamwamba amasonyeza kuchedwa kwachitukuko. Malinga ndi AGRE:
Mndandanda wa autism waperekedwa pamene zinthu zambiri zokhudzana, kuyanjana ndi anthu, komanso machitidwe a khalidwe zimakumana kapena kupitirira ochepa omwe amadziwika, ndipo kuyamba kwa matendawa kumawoneka ndi miyezi 36. ... Chiwerengero cha cutoff chiwerengero cha kulankhulana ndi chinenero domain ndi 8 mavesi ndi 7 chifukwa nkhani. Kwa maphunziro onse, cutoff pa malo oyanjana ndi anthu ndi 10, ndipo zofunikanso zoletsa ndi zobwerezabwereza makhalidwe ndi 3.
Kodi Ndi Mayesero Ena Amene Ayenera Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Pofufuza Magetsi?
Zoonadi, ADI-R sayenera kukhala yeniyeni yokhayo yogwiritsira ntchito pozindikira kuti autism ikuwoneka bwino - ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti katswiri wodziwa bwino adziwe mwana wanuyo. Mayesero kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchedwa ndi zizindikiro mwa ana omwe akuphatikizapo ADOS Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale ndi Mndandanda wa Autism In Toddlers (CHAT).
Ndipotu, kwenikweni, matenda a autism sayenera kuphatikizapo munthu mmodzi koma gulu. Anthu a m'gululi ayenera kuphatikizapo dokotala wa ana (makamaka munthu wapadera pazovuta za chitukuko), katswiri wamaganizo , chilankhulo ndi chinenero cha chilankhulo , ndi ntchito yothandizira . Akatswiriwa angathe kupanga zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayang'ana zovuta ndi makhalidwe omwe angasonyeze autism (mosiyana kapena kuwonjezera pa mavuto ena, monga ADHD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, nkhawa za anthu, kapena kusokoneza maganizo pakati pa anthu ).
Mmene Mungayankhire Ana Anu
Nthaŵi zambiri, muli ndi njira zingapo zoti muyesetse. Mungasankhe kuyamba ndi dokotala wanu wa ana, amene angathe kulangiza kampani ya autism kapena malo omwe mwana wanu angayesedwe.
Mungasankhenso kugwira ntchito kudera lanu la sukulu. Chigawochi chiyenera kulipira kafukufuku wina, ndipo chikhoza kupereka akatswiri omwe si achipatala monga odwala chinenero cha chilankhulo ndi odwala ntchito kuti awonetse mwana wanu. Ndikofunika kukumbukira, komabe, kufufuza koyendetsera ntchito kungakhale kothandiza pamene mukuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi sukulu kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya maphunziro ndi chithandizo.
Zida:
S. Ozonoff, S., BL Goodlin-Jones, et al. "Kuwonetsa umboni wokhudzana ndi vuto la autism spectrum kwa ana ndi achinyamata." Journal of Clinical Child ndi Adolescent Psychology 34 (3): 523-540, 2005.
Anne Le Couteur, Catherine Lord, Michael Rutter. Autism Kufufuza Interview-Revised (ADI-R) , Western Psychological Services, 2003