Kuyesedwa kawirikawiri kumathandizira ndikuwunika njira yothandizira HIV
Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, dokotala wanu amapempha kawirikawiri kuyesera magazi kuti awone bwino ndikuyesa:
- momwe thupi lanu limatetezera ( CD4 count , CD8 count )
- mlingo wa mavitamini m'thupi lanu ( kachilombo ka HIV )
- Kodi chiwindi chanu chikulimbana bwanji ndi kachilombo ka HIV?
- Kodi impso zanu zikugwirizana bwanji ndi chithandizo cha kachilombo ka HIV?
Pakatikati pa mayesero awa ndi mayeso ena omwe amatchedwa kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC). Kuyezetsa izi nthawi zonse kumayambitsa maonekedwe a maselo anu osiyanasiyana kuti mubweretse kusintha komwe kungakhale kunja kwa zomwe zingatengedwe ngati "zachibadwa".
Pochita zimenezi, CBC ikhoza kuzindikira (ndikuletsa) chitukuko cha zotsatira zokhudzana ndi mankhwala, komanso kupeza mavuto omwe angakhale okhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Chiyesocho chimayesa zigawo zingapo kapena mbali za magazi anu, kuphatikizapo maselo oyera a magazi, maselo ofiira a magazi, ndi mapulogalamu. Mayeserowa amachitidwa miyezi 6-12 iliyonse, koma akhoza kulamulidwa kawirikawiri pakakhala matenda kapena ngati mawerengero a maselo amawoneka osakhazikika kapena "osokonezeka."
Kodi White Count Cell (WBC) ndi chiyani?
Maselo oyera , omwe amadziwikanso kuti leukocytes, ndi magulu a maselo opangidwa m'magazi, omwe cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikumenyana ndi matenda.
Kuwerengera kwa maselo oyera (WBC) kumachitika ngati gawo la CBC kuti muyese maselo awa.
Mtengo wapatali wa WBC ukhoza kusonyeza kukula kwa matenda kapena matenda ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi madokotala kuti adziwe ngati kusintha kumeneku kukugwirizana ndi matenda, zotsatira za mankhwala, kapena mavuto ena monga nkhawa, kuwonongeka kwa minofu, kapena ngakhale kupweteka .
Pogwiritsa ntchito kachilombo ka HIV, WBC yowonjezera imatanthawuza kuti thupi lanu likulimbana ndi matenda, zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke kapena siziwoneka. Mayesero ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokoza chifukwa chenicheni cha kusintha kumeneku.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, WBC yochepa imasonyeza kuti matenda ena, omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV, amachititsa kuti mafupa amatha kupanga maselo oyera. Pamene vutoli (lotchedwa cytopenia kapena leukopenia) limapezeka, thupi silingathe kulimbana ndi matenda.
Mmodzi mwa maselo ofunika kwambiri amagazi ndi CD4 "othandizira" T-maselo ndi CD8 "wakupha" T-cells , zomwe zimayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezo ndipo zimayesetsa kuthetsa kachilomboka.
Kuphatikizanso apo, pali maselo otchedwa macrophages, maselo a dendritic, ndi maselo a Langerhans omwe amaphatikizapo mbali ya thupi lomvera laumunthu (immate). Maselo amenewa amagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo cha mzere woyamba pamene aliyense wodwala matenda amayesera kulowetsa thupi.
Kodi Red Cell Cell Count (RBC) ndi chiyani?
Maselo ofiira ofiira , omwe amadziwikanso kuti erythrocytes, ali ndi udindo wonyamulira mpweya kuchokera m'mapapo kupita ku maselo osiyanasiyana ndi matenda a thupi.
Chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira a magazi (RBC) chimachitidwa ngati gawo la CBC kuti azindikire chiwerengero cha maselo muzitsanzo za magazi.
Phindu la RBC limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa hematocrit (kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya magazi yotengedwa ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi), pamene kuyesa kwina kumayesa mapuloteni m'maselo ofiira ofiira (otchedwa hemoglobin) omwe amachititsa kunyamula mamolekyu a mpweya.
Kuwerenga kochepa kwambiri kwa mfundozi kungasonyeze kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi , chikhalidwe chimene maselo ndi matenda saperekedwa zowonjezera zopereka za oxygen. Izi zikachitika, munthu nthawi zambiri amamva wotopa kapena atatopa kwambiri nthawi zonse, ndipo amawoneka ngati wotumbululuka kapena wotsukidwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kachilombo ka HIV, kuchepa kwa magazi kumadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT).
Ngati kuperewera kwa magazi kumapezeka pamene munthu ali pa zidovudine, mankhwala ena amchere angapangidwe ngati matenda a magazi akuonedwa kuti ndi ofatsa. Mu milandu yowopsya kapena yowonjezereka, mankhwalawa angafunike kulowetsedwa ndi wothandizira woyenera .
Ngakhale kuti zidovudine sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu njira yoyamba ya kachilombo ka HIV, imakhalabe chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa ena, makamaka pa nthawi ya mimba .)
Kuchepa kwa magazi kungathenso kugwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana kapena zifukwa zina, zokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso zosagonana ndi HIV. Nthawi zina, matenda opatsirana pogonana angakhudze thupi la mavitamini ofunika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi asapitirire kuchepa kwa magazi.
Matenda oopsa a kuchepa kwa magazi nthawi zina amachiritsidwa ndi erythropoietin, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti maselo ofiira a magazi asaphatikizidwe, kapena angafunike kuikidwa m'magazi kuti akweze maselowa.
Kodi Platelets Ndi Chiyani?
Mipata ya pulasitiki, yomwe imatchedwanso thrombocytes, ndi maselo opanda mapiko omwe amapezeka m'magazi. Ma plateletsti apansi angayambitse magazi mosavuta kapena kuvulala m'modzi wokhudzidwa. Milandu yoopsa ingayambitse kupha magazi mkati mwake.
Matendawa, omwe amadziwika kuti thrombocytopenia, amapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV kosatha, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu omwe sanafikebe kuchipatala. Kuyambika kwa kachilombo ka HIV kungathetseretu vutoli pochotsa zotupa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimatulutsa nambala zaplatelet.
Kuwonjezera apo, mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV (makamaka nucleoside analogs) angayambitse kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, komanso matenda opatsirana omwe ali ndi HIV monga cytomegalovirus (CMV) ndi mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) .
Ndalama za Platelet sizomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zimayambitsa matenda.
> Zotsatira:
> Thachil, J. "Kukhala ndi magazi ambiri monga chidziwitso cha HIV." British Journal of Medicine. 2010; 341: DOI 10.1136 / bmj.c4583.
> Das, G. ndi Baglioni, P. "Cholinga chachikulu cha HIV." British Journal of Medicine. 2010; 341: c4583.