Kuwonetsera kwa Autism mu Media

Zochita ndi Zoipa za Autism pa TV

Monga autism yakhala ikufala kwambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi autism akhala otchuka kwambiri pa TV. Takhala tikuwona zolemba, mafilimu, masewero, komanso masewera omwe akuphatikiza (kapena nthawi zina). TV, ndithudi, ndi chida champhamvu cha kulankhulana ndi maphunziro, koma kodi ikugwira ntchito yabwino yokweza kuzindikira kwa autism mwabwino?

Ma TV ndi ma TV

Pakhala pali zolemba zochepa zogwirizana ndi autism kapena docudramas pa TV (ngakhale pali mafilimu ambiri a Indie komanso mafilimu akuluakulu). Zomwe zapangidwa zimayamba kugwera m'modzi mwa magulu angapo:

• Kufufuzira zomwe zimakhala ngati autistic, pogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu pogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu poimira njira zosaganizira, zosangalatsa, kapena kugwirizana (chitsanzo chachikulu ndi Temple Grandin , filimu yowonetsera TV ndi Clare Danes).
• Kufufuza momwe magetsi amakhudzira banja ndi abwenzi (chitsanzo ndi Peete's Sake , nkhani zokhudzana ndi ma TV pa moyo wa Holly Robinson Peete ndi Rodney Peete omwe, mwa mbali, akufotokoza momwe autism yamwamuna amakhudzira banja ndi abwenzi).
• Kufufuza mochokera pansi pamtima za zovuta za munthu wa autistic ndi / kapena banja lake kuti akhale oyenera kapena ovomerezeka (chitsanzo ndi zolemba za PBS, Aspergers mu Chikondi ).

Zonse mwa mitundu imeneyi zimasonyeza cholinga chake ndi kutsatira. Chowonadi, komabe, ndikuti anthu ambiri okondedwa omwe kale ali ndi chidwi ndi autism. Kotero, kwa iwo omwe ali mu "autism community" iwo anali ndi zotsatira zofunikira, koma sizinali zovuta kwambiri chifukwa chakuti masewero aakulu a TV kapena mafilimu angakhale.

Chifukwa chiyani TV za Drama ndi Comedi zimapereka Zochitika za Autistic Characters

Kuyambira m'ma 1980, maukonde onse anali ndi gawo la "maonekedwe a payekha" pa TV. Poyamba, maso onse apadera anali amuna okongola m'mapangidwe am'tawuni (James Garner wa The Rockford Files akudumpha m'maganizo).

Patapita kanthawi, olemba ndi olemba ankafuna zambiri zosiyana. Choncho iwo adalenga maso awo ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana omwe anawapanga kukhala apadera. Zitsulo zakutchire zinali mu chikuku. Jessica Fletcher anali mkazi wachikulire yemwe amakhala kumidzi. Pofika m'zaka za zana la 21, tinali ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe ali ndi OCD ( Monk ), ndipo, ndithudi, ndi diso lamodzi ndi autism ( Sherlock ). Zonse zinali kapena ziwonetsero zamaso; Kuwonjezereka kwaumphawi wodwala ndikumangoganizira za mtundu wakale.

Lero, tili ndi sewero lachipatala lachikale ( The Good Doctor ) lomwe liri ndi khalidwe la autistic ndi savant syndrome . Mtundu woterewu / masewero, Atypical , amachititsa mwana wachinyamata pa autism spectrum . Palibe chosiyana ndi kalembedwe kapena mawonekedwe awonetsero. Dokotala Wabwino ndizo zinsinsi zachipatala zomwe zimathetsedwa mu ola limodzi; Atypica l ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe (zambiri) zikusinthidwa mu theka la ora (ndi pang'ono pokha-sewero opera-kalembedwe kuponyedwa mkati).

Sophie Shafer-Landau, yemwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi a Social-impact firm ProSocial kuti adziwe za Aytpica l ndi The Good Doctor m'dera la autism, akuti: "Zonsezi zikuwonetsa, opanga amafuna lens latsopano pa mizere yakale yakale .... Zochitika ku Hollywood kuti apange zosiyana zambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono ambiri: azimayi amatsogolera, anthu a mtundu, kuyesera kuti ayang'anire kuyanjanitsa ndi kufotokozera anthu onse kuchokera m'magulu onse a anthu. Hollywood ikukakamiza kuwonjezereka ndi kufotokozera zambiri. Kotero sizingowonjezera zambiri zokhudzana ndi autism, koma zambiri za kusiyana. "

Pansi, izi zikuwonetsa siziri zokhudza autism. Iwo ndi akayeso akale a TV omwe ali ndi khalidwe la autistic kuti apange chibwibwi, kuyambitsa mitundu yatsopano ya zochitika, ndipo amapereka masewero enaake kapena osewera (malingana ndi mtundu). Sitiyenera kudabwitsa kuti masewera ndi mafilimu a pa TV samapereka maonekedwe abwino a zomwe zimakhala ndi (kapena kuzungulira) autism. Ngakhale anthu ochita kafufuzidwe bwino ndi olemba bwino omwe ali ndi zolinga zabwino komanso olemba bwino ayenera kuwamitsa zofunikira zawo, mtundu wawo, ndi nambala ya mphindi zomwe zilipo.

Kuzindikira Otsatsa TV ndi Autism

M'zaka zingapo zapitazo, anthu ambiri adawoneka omwe ali ndi matenda a autism. Sam mu Atypical ndi chitsanzo cha chikhalidwe chotero; komanso Max pa Parenthood . Ndondomeko yowonetsera ndizokambirana pawonetsero, ndipo palibe kukayikira kuti khalidweli ndi autistic.

Koma kwenikweni, "zilembo zonga autistic" zakhala ziri ndipo ndizo "mtundu" wamba pa televizioni, moyandikana kwambiri ndi zochitika za Nerd kapena Geek. Anthu ambiri amakonda kuganizira anthu omwe ali ndi autism, malingana ndi makhalidwe awo omwe akuphatikizapo:

• Nzeru (osati anthu onse omwe ali ndi autism ndi anzeru, koma pafupifupi onse otchuka monga TV ali ophunzira kapena aluntha m'munda wawo osankhidwa)
• Kusayenerera kwabwino pakati pa anthu (kuyambira poyankhula choonadi panthawi yolakwika kufunsa funso lopanda chidwi)
• Njira zosayenerera zokamba kapena kuchita (kawirikawiri kumveka kapena kuyang'ana "mosasamala" kapena akale)
• Geeky "imakonda monga sayansi ya zakuthupi, luso la makompyuta, masamu, kapena sayansi ya sayansi
• Osasangalala ndi zosangalatsa monga maphwando akuluakulu
• Njira yovunda (kawirikawiri imagwirizanitsa zinthu monga batani pamwamba pakani pa polo polo kapena kuvala zovala zosayenera chifukwa ali omasuka)
• Makhalidwe abwino (pafupifupi onse olemba monga autistic ndi oona mtima, ofunafuna chilungamo omwe akufuna kupewa makhalidwe okhwimitsa monga chiwerewere, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, kuzunza anzawo kapena okonda, etc.)

Kodi izi zikuwonetseratu za autism? Kufikira momwe anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism amagawira zina mwa zizindikiro izi, yankho ndilo inde. Koma makhalidwe awa ndi zokonda sizikwanira, mwa iwoeni, kuti azisonyeza autism.

Ena mwa anthuwa ndi awa:

• Dr Sheldon Cooper (ndi Amy Farah-Fowler) a Big Bang Theory
• Sherlock Holmes wa Sherlock (amene amati ndi munthu wamba koma ali bwino kuti ali munthu wokwanira kuti agwirizane ndi matendawa, motero nthawi zambiri amatchedwa autistic)
• Maurice Moss, gulu la IT
• Brick Heck, Middle
• Abby, NCIS
• Kodi Graham, Hannibal
• Steve Urkel, Nkhani Za Banja
• Tina, Bob's Burger

Zotsatira za TV pa Anthu enieni ndi Autism ndi Mabanja Awo

Mphamvu ya TV yakhala yosangalatsa komanso yoipa kwa anthu omwe amawoneka ndi mabanja awo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti, ndemanga ya mawonetsero omwe ali ndi anthu autistic akhala akutsutsana. Ndipotu, amasonyeza ngati Atypical amalandira ndemanga zabwino ndi zoipa ngakhale pakati pa akuluakulu achikulire ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito mu autism.

Michelle Dean, Pulofesa Wothandizira, Maphunziro Apadera ku CSU Channel Islands anali wothandizira Atypical . Iye amasangalala ndi njira yomwe mawonetsero amachitira mnyamata yemwe ali ndi autism akubwera msinkhu ndi kufunafuna ubale. "Mukuona maonekedwe a banja komanso kuvomereza kwake, bwenzi lake lapamtima likuvomereza, tikuwona kulandira ntchito, tikuwonanso kuponderezana ndi zoyenera komanso zosayenerera kutero. Zimapereka chithunzi chenichenicho ndikuthandiza anthu kuti adzionere okha Kukhala ndi udindo pakati pa anthu. Kukhala ndi mtundu wina umatengera uthenga wa autism kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza kwa autism. Kwa ine, ndi uthenga wamphamvu kwambiri wochokera ku Atypical . "

Komano, Mickey Rowe, wojambula mafilimu amene amatsogolera ku The Curious Incident of the Dog mu Night-Time , ali ndi mawu awa mu Teen Vogue pawonetsero womwewo: "Poyang'ana pawonetsero, ndinazindikira kuti zikuwoneka kuti ndiwonetsere zomwe ndikudziwa kuti zitha kupezeka mosavuta komanso zomwe zingapereke chidziwitso chodziwitsa anthu autistic. Pali zowonongeka zambiri zokhudza autism pagawo chifukwa timakonda kuphunzira za autism kuchokera kwa anthu omwe si autistic, mmalo mwa kuphunzira za autism kuchokera kwa anthu akuluakulu autistic. "

Apa, ndiye, ndi zina mwa ubwino ndi zoyipa za autism pa TV:

Zotsatira

• Kuzindikira kwakukulu ndi kuchitira chifundo anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito ndi autism
• "Kuzoloŵera" kwazinthu zokhudzana ndi ubongo kupyolera mwa kuwonetsera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito yotchuka ya autism kugwira ntchito, kumaliza sukulu, kumanga maubwenzi, kuthetsa milandu, ndi zina zotero
• Kuwonjezeka kudzipereka kuphatikizapo anthu okhala ndi autism muzochitika zomwe zimamvetsetsa bwino za matendawa
• Mapulogalamu ambiri ndi mwayi wotukulidwa kapena ngakhale kuyambika kapena kuthamanga ndi opanga TV omwe ali ndi autism
• Zothandizira zachuma zambiri za ntchito zopangidwa ndi autism zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pa ntchito ya otchuka otchuka ndi ena mu bizinesi yosangalatsa

Wotsutsa

• Kusamvetsetsa bwino kwa autism monga matenda a masewera omwe amaphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi nzeru zapamwamba, makhalidwe achiwawa, ndi zina zazikulu za umoyo (ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe ali ndi ndalama zapamwamba)
• Kusamvetsetsana pazinthu zina za autism zosiyana ndi zovuta zowononga zovuta ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi zina zambiri
• Chikhulupiriro chakuti "anthu ambiri" omwe ali ndi autism ali ngati ma TV omwe amagwira ntchito, amakhala ndi chibwenzi cholimba, ndipo amafunikira chithandizo chapadera kwambiri kapena mankhwala
• Chikhulupiliro chakuti autism sichimagwirizana kwambiri ndi luso lapadera, zosangalatsa, zosankha, komanso luso

> Zotsatira :

> Kukambirana ndi Michelle Dean, Pulofesa Wothandizira, Maphunziro Apadera ku CSU Channel Islands. September, 2017.

> Kucheza ndi Sophie Shafer-Landau, Prosocial. September, 2017.