Zizindikiro, Zoopsa, ndi Kuzindikiritsidwa kwa CTE
Pali chidziwitso chowonjezeka kwa madokotala kuti mavuto omwe amapezeka pambuyo povulazidwa pamutu samangokhalira kuthetsa msanga. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zovulala pamutu, makamaka othamanga m'maseŵera okhudzana ndi ankhondo.
Kuvulaza Mutu Poyambira ku CTE
Palibe vuto lalikulu lovulaza mutu. Kuvulala koopsa kwa ubongo (mTBI) kapena zovulala zazing'ono zazing'ono zingapereke.
Pambuyo pa zokambirana, anthu ena amavutika ndi matenda a post-concussive (PCS) a nseru , kumutu , ndi chisokonezo. Koma CTE sizongokhala nthawi yaitali ya matenda a post-concussive-imachitika patapita zaka, mosiyana ndi PCS, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika posachedwa kuvulazidwa kwa mutu.
Mavuto Ena a CTE
Ngakhale kuti CTE ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi matenda a Alzheimers m'njira zambiri, iwo akhoza kugawanika ndi chiopsezo cha jini. ApoE4 ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yowonjezera ya chibadwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa Alzheimer's. Anthu omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa ApoE4 amasonyezanso kuti amakhala ndi nthawi yowonongeka kuchokera ku kuvulala kwa mutu, komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu pambuyo pa kuvulaza mutu umodzi. Komabe, maphunziro ena asonyeza kuti palibe kugwirizana pakati pa CTE ndi ApoE4. Kufufuza kwambiri pa kugwirizana kotheka kumeneku n'kofunika.
Akazi amawoneka kuti ali ndi nthawi yowonjezera yowonongeka kuchokera ku zokambirana kusiyana ndi amuna, koma sizikudziwika ngati izi zimayambitsa chiopsezo chotere cha kukhazikitsa CTE.
Ubongo wochuluka womwe unaphunzira ndi CTE wakhala wamwamuna chifukwa cha anthu ambiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena omenyera nkhondo. Ubongo umasinthidwa wogwirizanitsidwa ndi CTE wapezeka ngakhale achinyamata omwe ali ndi misampha yambiri, koma kusintha kumakhala koipitsitsa ndi zaka.
Kudziwa
Malamulo oopsa omwe amachititsa kuti vutoli likhale lopweteka kwambiri (CTE) lingapezedwe ndi autopsy.
Mapuloteni ena, monga tau ndi TDP-43, amaunjikira mu ubongo. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi matenda a Alzheimer, omwe amasonyeza mapepala a beta-amyloid , omwe alipo pansi pa theka la milandu ndi CTE. Komanso, kusintha koyamba kumakhala kofala kwambiri pamitsinje ya magazi.
Ngakhale kuli kofunikira kwambiri kwa kutsimikiziridwa ndi autopsy, pali zizindikiro zomwe ziri zoganizira kwambiri za CTE, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- vuto la kukumbukira
- kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kupanga zosankha
- kusaweruzika
- kusasamala
- kusaganizira mwakuya
- nkhanza
- kudandaula ndi kudzipha
Komanso, pali zizindikiro zina za CTE zomwe zingakhalepo, monga:
- zovuta ndi kulingalira ndi kuyenda
- Kuchepetsedwa, kulankhula kosasunthika
- Parkinsonism (kunjenjemera, kukhwima, ndi kuyenda mofulumira)
Palinso kachigawo kakang'ono ka odwala omwe ali ndi CTE omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lopweteketsa mtima (CTEM). Matendawa amatsanzira zizindikiro za matenda a Lou Gehrig (ALS) , omwe amalephera kufooka komanso kuwonongeka, kuvutika kumeza, ndi kuganiza bwino.
Pambuyo pake m'kati mwa CTE, odwala adzavutika ndi matenda a dementia. M'malo molimbana ndi matenda a Alzheimer, zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kufanana kwambiri ndi khalidwe loyambirira la dementia (frontotemporal dementia) (bvFTD).
Komabe, CTE kawirikawiri imabwera posachedwa kuposa bvFTD, pakati pa zaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 50 osati zaka 45 mpaka 65. Maganizo a frontotemporal omwe amachititsa kuti munthu akhale ndi khalidwe labwino amayamba kupita mofulumira kuposa CTE, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chiwalo chodziwika bwino chomwe CTE sichimachita.
Zotsatira za ubongo
Pali kuchepa kwa ubongo ndi kupopera kwa corpus callosum, yomwe imagwirizanitsa ubongo wa ubongo.
Palinso kafukufuku kawirikawiri wa lobes lolowera ku CTE. Ma lobes apamwamba amatha kulamulira luso lathu la kupanga zisankho zabwino ndi ndondomeko, komanso kutithandiza kuti tipeze kukumbukira.
Malo ena okhudzidwa a ubongo akuphatikizapo matupi am'mimba ndi hippocampus, zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi kukumbukira, komanso chiwerengero cha nigra, chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi kuyenda.
Kuyesera kwa CTE
Ngakhale kuti anthu akudziŵa za CTE mwakula posachedwapa, sayansi nthawi yayitali imayambitsa mayesero omwe ali ovuta kwambiri. MRI ingathandize kuthetsa matenda ena, ndipo ingasonyeze kuwonongeka kwachilendo kwa amygdala, komwe kungapangitse CTE ngati matenda. Njira zina zoyesera monga MRI zogwirira ntchito zikufufuzidwanso.
CTE Treatment
Palibe chithandizo chomwe chilipo kwa CTE kamodzi kokha. Monga momwe zilili, kupewa ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri.
Kupewa Ndikofunika
Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe chokhazikika mu masewera ndi moyo wonse ukugogomezedwa kwambiri. Othamanga amafunika kulimbikitsidwa kuti afotokoze pamene akuvutika ndi zotsatira za kuvulazidwa kwa mutu, ndipo atsatire malangizo kuti abwererenso kusewera pambuyo pa kuvulaza kumeneku. Ndiyenso udindo wa makosi kuti aphunzitse osewera njira zawo zoyenera kutetezera. Ndi bwino kusewera mwakhama, koma ndi kofunikira kwambiri kusewera motetezeka.
> Zotsatira:
> Baugh, CM, ndi al. (2012). Matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azivutika kwambiri. Kujambula kwa ubongo ndi khalidwe, 6 (2): 244-54.
> Saulle, M., & Greenwald, BD (2012). Matenda osokoneza bongo oopsa: ndemanga. Kufufuza ndi Kuchita Zowonongeka , 816069. Epub 2012 Apr 10.
> Shively, S., Scher, AI, Perl, DP, & Diaz-Arrastia, R. (2012). Dementia Chotsatira Chifukwa cha Ubongo Wopweteka Kuvulaza: Kodi matendawa ndi otani? Archives of Neurology, Jul 9: 1-7.