Njirayi ya Ubongo Kawirikawiri Imagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kuchiza Matenda a Parkinson
Zimamveka ngati chinachake kuchokera kwa opanga Star Trek, koma ochita kafukufuku akuwona mwayi wotuluka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ubongo wozama kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's mildness . Ndipo, m'dziko limene mankhwala alipo koma zopindulitsa zili zochepa, ndizofunikira kupitiliza kupanga njira zina zothandizira kuti athetse ndi kuteteza matenda a Alzheimer's.
Kodi Ubongo Wambiri Umakhudzidwa Bwanji?
Kulimbikitsidwa Kwambiri kwa Ubongo (DBS) ndi njira imene magetsi amaikidwa mkati mwa ubongo ndikukonzekera kuti apereke magetsi ang'onoang'ono kuti agwire ntchito za ubongo.
DBS yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson athandizidwe kwambiri pochepetsa kuchepa kwa mitsempha ndi minofu, komanso kukulitsa chitukuko. Komanso akufufuza kuti athe kuchiza matenda ena, monga kupanikizika ndi matenda osokoneza maganizo .
Kodi Electrodes Amaikidwa Bwanji mu Ubongo?
Yankho lalifupi: opaleshoni ya ubongo. Kuti DBS ikhale yotheka, mawaya ayenera kuikidwa mu ubongo. Pogwiritsa ntchito anesthésia , malo obisala m'magazi a wodwalayo amawongolera mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo. (Anesthesia wamba, pamene wodwala auka koma malo amtundu wa thupi, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa ubongo wokha sungathe kumva ululu.)
Makina opanga pacemaker amaikidwa pansi pa anesthesia mu chifuwa cha munthu pomwe pamapeto pake angapereke magetsi 130 magetsi pamphindi ndi, choncho, ubongo. Poyamba atakhazikitsidwa, stimulator imachotsedwa; masiku angapo kapena masabata pambuyo pa opaleshoni, stimulator imayambika ndikuyamba kutulutsa magetsi ku ubongo.
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Alzheimer, ma waya amenewo amagwirizana kwambiri ndi fornix mu ubongo. Malingana ndi Johns Hopkins Medicine, "tonix ndi njira ya ubongo yomwe imathandizira kubweretsa chidziwitso kwa hippocampus , gawo la ubongo komwe kumayamba kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira , komanso kumene zizindikiro za Alzheimer zionekera kale."
Ntchito Yabwino Yolimbikitsira Ubongo?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zikufotokozera chifukwa chake zimagwira ntchito, koma palibe yankho lomveka. Mu Parkinson, akuganiza kuti amasokoneza ndi kusokoneza kuwombera kolakwika kwa ubongo.
Ndipotu, omvetsa kafukufuku wa DBS ndi ochepa kwambiri moti kuthekera kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Alzheimer kunapezeka mwadzidzidzi pamene DBS inali kuyesedwa kwa munthu yemwe anali wolemera kwambiri ngati njira yothetsera chilakolako chake. Pamene iwo anali kumuyesa iye ndi malo opangira waya ndi zofuna za magetsi, iye anafotokoza ndemanga bwino. Pamene iwo anatseka malingaliro, kukumbukira kunachoka, ndipo pamene iwo ankatembenuza chotsitsimutsa, chikumbukiro chinabwerera. Izi zinapangitsa kuzindikira kuti pali njira yowonjezera ubongo ndi zochitika zomwe zimakumbukira.
Kodi N'zotetezeka?
DBS ikuwoneka kuti ili bwino. Ngakhale kuti lingaliro la ubongo wa ubongo limawoneka loopsa kwambiri, akatswiri amanena kuti njirayi sichimakhala yovuta ngati ikuwoneka.
Pali nthawi zonse ngozi ndi opaleshoni ya ubongo; Komabe, anthu opitirira 100,000 padziko lonse lapansi ndi matenda a Parkinson apeza DBS ndi mavuto ochepa. Mavuto amaphatikizapo matenda, kusokonekera kwa zipangizo, kupweteka, kutayika kwa batri, komanso kuyenda kwa waya.
Kafufuzidwe pa Kulimbikitsidwa Kwambiri kwa Ubongo ndi Matenda a Alzheimer
Maphunziro a Phase I
Mu 2010, nyuzipepala yotchedwa Annals of Neurology inafalitsa kafukufuku wofotokoza kafukufuku wa chipatala cha phase I ku Canada ndi anthu asanu ndi limodzi omwe anapezeka ndi matenda a Alzheimer oyambirira. Onsewa anali ndi ubongo wozama wa opaleshoni womwe unakhazikika mu ubongo wawo ndipo unali ndi miyezi khumi ndi iwiri yotsitsimutsa magetsi.
Kuyesedwa kwa chidziwitso chawo pa miyezi 6 ndi 12 kunasonyeza kusintha, kapena kuchepa kwacheperachepera kwa atatu mwa asanu ndi mmodzi.
Kuonjezerapo, PET yayesa kugwiritsira ntchito kufufuza ubongo wa shuga, womwe ndi ubongo wophetsera shuga kwa mafuta a ubongo komanso ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha zomwe zimachitika mu ubongo. Anthu omwe ali ndi Alzheimer's amasonyeza kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi pakapita nthawi, koma ochita kafukufuku asanu ndi limodziwa adawonetsa kuwonjezeka komwe kunasungidwa mu phunziro lonse. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kupereŵera kwa ubongo kuthetsa shuga mu matenda a Alzheimer kwachititsa ena ofufuza kutcha " mtundu wa shuga " wa Alzheimer.
Kafukufuku Wachigawo Chachiŵiri
Phunziro lachiwiri lachiwiri kudzera mwa Johns Hopkins, odwala 42 omwe ali ndi zaka 45 mpaka 85 adagwira nawo ntchito ku DBS kuti adziwe matenda awo a Alzheimer. Onsewa anachitidwa opaleshoni ya DBS kuti ikhale pakati pa 2012 ndi 2014. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali ndi othandizira awo atatha milungu iwiri, ndipo theka lawo linayambika patapita miyezi 12. Uku kunali kuphunzira kawiri khungu, chifukwa ngakhale madokotala kapena odwala sankadziwa pamene otsegulawo atsegulidwa.
Kuzindikira kumayesedwa mu phunziro lino kudzera mu mayesero ambiri kuphatikizapo ADAS-Cog 13. Mthempha ya m'magazi ya m'magazi imayesedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana a ubongo.
Zotsatira za phunziroli zinali zosangalatsa, osati zomwe zinali kuyembekezera. Pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene chotsitsimutsa chinayambika, ubongo wa m'magazi unakula kwambiri, koma zotsatira zake sizinapitirire miyezi 12. Kuonjezera apo, kusiyana kwa zaka zosiyana siyana kunayankhidwa. Awo omwe anali ndi zaka zoposa 65 anawonetsa kusintha kwa chidziwitso ndi matenda a shuga. Anthu omwe anali ndi zaka zosakwana 65 sanasonyeze kusintha kwakukulu kumadera onse. Ofufuzawa adawona kuti zotsatirazi zikhoza kukhala zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo nthawi zina kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi Alzheimer's ( early morningt Alzheimer's ), poyerekezera ndi omwe ali ndi chiyambi cha Alzheimer's.
Chidule cha zotsatira za DBS pa ubongo
Zotsatira za DBS pa Alzheimer's anaphunziridwa kudzera m'mayesero awa a Gawo Woyamba ndi Gawo lachiŵiri, koma kudziwa momwe zimakhudza ubongo zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku ntchito zake mmalo ena, kuphatikizapo kufufuza kwina ndi kuchiza matenda a Parkinson. Zotsatira zotsatira zapezeka:
Kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso chonse: Kafufuzidwe ka DBS kwa anthu omwe ali ndi Alzheimer's anachititsa kuti ena mwa ophunzirawo adziwitsidwe bwino, monga momwe anayesera ndi mayesero ambiri a ubongo . Mayesero awa amayesa mbali zingapo za ubongo zimagwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo kukumbukira, kuyang'ana , kuzindikira mawu, ndi zina.
Kuchuluka kwa hippocampus: Pamene hippocampus (mbali ya ubongo yogwirizana ndi kukumbukira) kukumana ndi nthenda ya ukalamba komanso kwambiri mu matenda a Alzheimer, DBS yapezeka kuti ikuwonjezera mphamvu ya hippocampus kwa anthu omwe ali ndi Alzheimer's. Vuto la Hippocampal lagwirizana ndi kukumbukira zinthu.
Kuchulukitsa ubongo wa shuga m'magazi: Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nkhani zina zomwe zinalandira DBS zinasonyeza kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi ambiri.
Kuwonjezeka kwa ziwalo zonyansa ndi matupi akuluakulu: Matupi a fornix ndi matupi akuluakulu mu ubongo (omwe ali okhudzana ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira) agwiritsa ntchito mawu owonjezeka pambuyo pa DBS mwa iwo omwe ali ndi Alzheimer's.
Maseŵera apamwamba a acetylcholine: DBS yasonyezedwanso mu kafukufuku kuti ayambe kumasulidwa kwa acetylcholine. Acetylcholine imathandiza kutumiza mauthenga kuchokera ku selo limodzi la mitsempha kupita ku lotsatira mu ubongo wathu.
Kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira kwa malo: Pambuyo polimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi ubongo ku ntchentche za makoswe, iwo amasonyeza kukumbukira kukumbukira malo momwe amatha kuyendamo. Ngakhale kuti maphunziro a zinyama samapititsa kwa anthu nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri amatithandiza kuzindikira za chitetezo ndi mphamvu za njira zoyesera.
Kuchepetsa kuyankhula momveka bwino: Kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa ubongo kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi Parkinson omwe ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Komabe, kafukufuku wina apeza kuti kulankhula mosamveka kwachepa mwa ena mwa anthuwa. Ngakhale ambiri omwe ali ndi Parkinson akuwona kuti pangoziyi ndipindulitsa phindu lomwe ubongo umapereka kwa iwo. Zingakhale zosavuta kuti zikhale zoopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.
Maganizo Oyenera
Ngakhale kuti pakhala pali maphunziro ambiri omwe amachitika mwa anthu, ofufuza ena akuyitanitsa maphunziro oonjezera ndi owonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito DBS mwa zinyama asanayambe kufufuza zambiri ndi anthu. Iwo akunena kuti ngakhale pakhala pali ochita kafukufuku wa DBS omwe adziwa bwino kusintha, palinso ena ochepa amene anakana m'madera ena amalingaliro pambuyo polimbikitsa ubongo.
Ochita kafukufukuwa akutsindika mfundo yakuti palibe kumvetsa momwe ubongo umakhudzira; Choncho, amalimbikitsa kuti mudziwe zambiri zowonjezereka musanawonjezere mayesero a kachipatala ndi anthu.
Mawu Ochokera
Kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa ubongo kwakhazikitsidwa bwino ngati chithandizo choyenera cha matenda a Parkinson; Komabe, kafufuzidwe kafukufuku amafunika kuti azindikire ubwino wake mu matenda a Alzheimer's. Mphamvu ya DBS ya kusintha kwa chidziwitso ndi yosangalatsa, makamaka pamene tikupitirizabe kulimbana kuti tipeze chithandizo chabwino cha Alzheimer's.
> Zotsatira:
> Fagundes, VDC, Rieder, CRM, Nunes da Cruz, A, et al, Ubongo Wathunthu Wowonjezera Kukhudzidwa kwa Puloteni ya Subthalamic Kumakhudza Mmene Phonemic ndi Action Zimakhudzira Matenda a Parkinson. Matenda a Parkinson. 2016.
> Hescham S, Temel Y, Schipper S. et al, Fornix kwambiri ubongo kukakamiza anachititsa nthawi yaitali malo osadziwika popanda hippocampal neurogenesis. Maonekedwe a Ubongo ndi Ntchito. 2017 Mar 222 (2): 1069-1075.
> Johns Hopkins Mankhwala. Odwala Opaleshoni a Johns Hopkins Akhazikitsa Ubongo Woyamba 'Pacemaker' wa Matenda a Alzheimer ku United States monga Mbali ya Kuyesedwa Kwachipatala Cholinga Chokonzekera Kuchokera Kwambiri Kwambiri. December 2012.
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