Kodi Anthu Amafa Bwanji ndi Khansa ya M'magazi?

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba imapha bwanji anthu?

Ndi funso limene sitikufuna kwenikweni kulisonyeza: "Kodi anthu amafa bwanji ndi khansa ya m'mapapo?" Komabe, panthawi yomweyi, ndi funso lofunika kwa anthu ena pa zifukwa zingapo.

Chifukwa Chake Tiyenera Kufunsa Kodi Khansa Yoopsa Imayambitsa Imfa?

Mwina chifukwa chachikulu chofunsira kuti mapapo amachititsa imfa ndi chiyani, ngati tikudziwa momwe imfa imayambira, imfa ya khansa yamapapu ingalephereke.

Kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kungatithandizenso kuti tikhale ndi moyo wabwino kwa anthu omwe ali pamsinkhu wa khansa ya m'mapapo. Mwachitsanzo, podziwa kuti magazi amatha kupha miyendo (yomwe imatha kuchoka, kuchititsa kuti mapiritsi awonongeke) amachititsa chiwerengero cha kufa kwa khansa ya m'mapapo, mamembala amatha kudzidziwitsa okha ndi zizindikiro za magazi ndipo amathandizira wokondedwa wawo kupeza chithandizo ngati Kukhalapo kwa zovala kungakhale kotheka.

Chifukwa china chofotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa imfa kuchokera ku khansa yamapapu ndizopindulitsa abanja - osachepera achibale omwe amandifunsa funso limene ndinachita bambo anga atatha khansa yochedwa: "Adzafa bwanji?" Ndinkafuna kudziwa yankho kuti ndidziwe nthawi yoti ndiyitane ndi banja langa kuti ndikasonkhanitse pafupi. Ndipo kuti ndikhale woonamtima, ndikuwopa kuti adzamva ululu waukulu. Ndinkafuna kudziwa zomwe zidzachitike pafupi ndi mapeto kotero ndikuyembekeza ndikukhala wokonzeka kuthandiza-m'njira iliyonse.

Musanawerenge, tikudziwa momwe zingakhalire zovuta kuwerenga mau awa ngati muli ndi wokondedwa amene akuyandikira imfa. Ngakhale zili zogwirizana, imfa sizimavuta. Ngati muli nokha, zingakhale bwino kuyembekezera kuti muthe kuyang'ana mfundo izi ndi mnzanu kapena wokondedwa, yemwe angakhale phee kudalira.

Ndipo kumbukirani kuti si aliyense amene akufuna kudziwa zambiri. Ngati simukufuna kudziwa momwe wokondedwa angafe ndi khansara yamapapo, chonde tulukani nkhaniyi palimodzi. Izi zimangoperekedwa pano kwa anthu omwe akufuna kukhala ndi lingaliro la zomwe zingachitike ndipo akhoza kukhala okayikitsa kufunsa ovomerezeka awo. Simusowa kuti mudziwe zambiri izi kuti mupereke chisamaliro ndi chikondi kwa wachibale wanu kapena mnzanu.

Zifukwa za Imfa Kuchokera ku Khansa ya M'magazi

Sipanakhalepo zambiri zolembedwa za zomwe zimayambitsa imfa mu odwala khansa ya m'mapapo, koma phunziro limodzi linaphwanya zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ndi anthu 100. Maperesenti akhoza kusiyana pakati pa maphunziro, koma phunziroli limatipatsa ife zomwe tingayembekezere ngati wokondedwa ali mu masitepe a pambuyo pake a khansara yamapapo.

• Thupi lolemetsa
  Kukhalapo kwa chotupa chinali chifukwa cha imfa mwa anthu 30 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, chiŵerengero chomwe chinapasulidwa mpaka 4 peresenti ya anthu akufa ndi "chifuwa chachikulu" m'mapapu, ndipo 26 peresenti chifukwa cha "zotupa" kuchokera metastases. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kuchuluka kwa minofu ya khansa kumakhala m'mapapu, kapena m'madera omwe khansara yamapapo imafalikiranso (nthawi zambiri chiwindi, mafupa, ubongo, ndi adrenal glands), zimatsogolera ku imfa.

• Matenda
  Matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa imfa mwa 20 peresenti ya odwala. Kwa anthu 12, anali chibayo ; kwa 8, chinali sepsis. Sepsis ndi bwino kutchulidwa ngati matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba m'magazi ndi kufalikira kupyolera mu thupi lonse.
• Matenda a Matenda a Metastatic
  Khansara ya m'mapapo ikafalikira kumadera ena a thupi, ikhoza kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zimenezo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansara yamapapu yafalikira ku ubongo, ikhoza kusokoneza ntchito za ubongo zomwe zimatha kuyenda, kuyankhula, ndi kuzimeza, kapena zimayambitsa matenda oopsa . Kufala kwa khansa ya m'mapapo ku chiwindi kungasokoneze luso la chiwindi kuti lichite ntchito yake yochotsa poizoni m'thupi, ndipo kumangidwe kwa poizoni kungayambitse imfa (izi zimakhala zopweteka, pamene anthu amachepetsedwa). Kufalikira kwa khansara yamapapu kumayendedwe kazitsulo (chida chozungulira pamtima) kungayambitse magazi pakati pa chipinda ichi ndi mtima, zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa mtima ndi imfa yomwe imakhalapo (izi zimakhala zofulumira komanso zopweteka). Zovuta izi zinali ndi udindo wa 18 peresenti ya imfa.

• Kuchepetsa Mitsempha
  Kuchepetsa magazi, kapena kutuluka magazi m'mapapo, kunali ndi udindo wa 12 peresenti ya anthu omwe anamwalira. Ngakhale pang'ono (kuposa supuni ya tiyi kapena awiri) ya magazi m'mapapu (omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa chizindikiro cha kukakamira magazi) ikhoza kukhala yodzidzimutsa kuchipatala. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chimene anthu ambiri omwe angayankhe, monga kutuluka magazi m'mapapo mwazing'ono zingabweretse kumverera kwakutaya. Pamene kutuluka magazi kwakukulu, komabe imfa imakhala yofulumira.
• Pulmonary Embolism
  Magazi omwe amachoka ndikupita kumapapu ( mapulitsimake ) amachititsa 10 peresenti ya imfa za khansa ya m'mapapo mu phunziro ili- kupezeka kwakukulu, chifukwa nthawi zina magazi amatha kutetezedwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa .

Poyang'ana zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kugwira ntchito, kupuma kwapachipatala kunali chifukwa chothetsera imfa 38 peresenti ya nthawiyi, kaya ndi chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu, chibayo kapena kutaya magazi. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti anthu ambiri anali ndi njira imodzi yowonjezera imfa.

Zina Zowonjezera Zomwe Zimayambitsa Imfa Ndi Khansa Yam'mimba

Uku kunali kuphunzira kokha. Kuyang'ana pa zifukwa za imfa kuchokera ku mitundu yonse ya khansara, zifukwa zina zomwe zingayambitse zingakhale monga:

• Zovuta za mankhwala monga chemotherapy ndi mankhwala ochizira ma ARV A maselo oyera ochepa a magazi amachokera ku chemotherapy, omwe ali ndi kachilombo koopsa kwambiri, si zachilendo kwa iwo omwe amatha kudwala khansa.
• Zolakwika zachipatala ndi mankhwala. Mwamwayi, zolakwa za kuchipatala zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha imfa. Kuopsa kwa izi kungathe kuchepetsedwa pofunsa mafunso ambiri, kufunsa mafunso ena ngati simumvetsa kanthu kapena simukumvetsetsa ndi chinachake chomwe chikuchitika, ndikugwira nawo ntchito yosamalira wokondedwa wanu.
• Zovuta za opaleshoni , monga matenda a anesthesia ndi magazi.
• Mavuto osagwirizana ndi khansa, monga matenda a mtima chifukwa cha ziphuphu zosagwirizana ndi khansa.

Pofunsa za zomwe zimayambitsa imfa, anthu ambiri amaopa kuti wokondedwa wawo amamva chisoni akamwalira. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti, ngakhale kuti ndizofala kuti anthu asiye kudya ndi kumwa pafupi ndi mapeto a moyo, kumva njala ndi ludzu kumaperekanso. Ponena za ululu ndi zovuta ndi kupuma, anthu ambiri amatha kukhala omasuka pansi pazochitika zonsezi polimbikitsa nyumba yawo. Chisamaliro ndi chitonthozo cha anthu omwe akufa zasintha kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu othandizira , omwe angakhalenso chitsimikizo chachikulu cha mabanja a iwo omwe akufa.

Kodi Imfa Idzakhala Yowawa?

Chimodzi mwa mantha aakulu kwa omwe akukhala ndi khansa ndi okondedwa awo ndikuti ululu pamapeto a moyo udzakhala wovuta. Ndipotu pofunsa mafunso awa, "Ndidzafa bwanji," anthu ambiri akufunsa kuti, "Kodi imfa idzakhala yopweteka?" Anthu ena amamva ululu pamapeto a moyo pomwe anthu ena ali ndi ululu wochepa. Ndikuti palibe amene amafunikira kufa ndikumva ululu Mwamtheradi palibe amene ayenera kufa ndi ululu wosadziletsa. Ngati izi ndizo zodetsa nkhawa zanu, onetsetsani kuti mumaphunzira za kuthetsa ululu wa khansa kumapeto kwa moyo .

Maganizo Otsiriza

Ponena za imfa, anthu ambiri amamva chisoni chomwe sichichimodzimodzi ndi chisoni chomwe chimachitika pambuyo powonongeka kwenikweni (chisoni chachikulu). Chisoni pamaso pa imfa si chachilendo koma chingalole kuti mabanja abwere pamodzi kuti achiritse ku zowawa zakale ndikupanga zikumbukiro zomwe sizidzafa. Ngati mukukumana ndi chisoni ngakhale kuti wokondedwa wanu adakali moyo, tengani kamphindi kuti mudziwe zambiri za chisoni choyembekezereka .

Ngati mukudabwa kuti wokondedwa wanu angamwalire bwanji, mumadabwa ndi zomwe zikuchitika kumapeto kwa khansa ya m'mapapo. Izi zingakhale nthawi yoopsa, komabe panthawi imodzimodzi, nthawi yokongola m'njira zambiri. Tengani kamphindi kuti mudziwe za zomwe zingachitike mwakuthupi, m'maganizo, komanso mwauzimu mu magawo omaliza a khansara yamapapo .

Pomaliza, ndizofunikira kuzindikira kuti si zachilendo kuti anthu adziŵe kuti afa posachedwa, chinachake chomwe chimatchulidwa kuti chikuyandikira chidziwitso cha imfa . Wokondedwa wanu akhoza kulankhula za kulankhula ndi okondedwa ena amene anamwalira kale. Ngakhale izi zikhoza kuopseza ndipo anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti wokondedwa wawo akuwongolera, aamwino ogwira ntchito kuchipatala adzakuuzani kuti izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo iwo amene akufa akhoza kukwiya kwambiri ndi kukwiyitsidwa ngati simukuwoneka kuti mukuwakhulupirira. M'malo moyang'anizana ndi nthawi ino ndi mantha, mabanja omwe amadziwa zochitika izi angatonthozedwe ndi azimayi omwe amachipatala nthawi zambiri. Mu bukhu lawo "Final Gifts: Kumvetsetsa Kuzindikira Kwambiri, Zosowa, ndi Kulankhulana za Kufa," anamwino odwala opaleshoni Maggie Callanan ndi Patricia Kelley akufotokozera zomwe zimachitika koma osamvetsetsa ndemanga za awo omwe akufa ndikuwoneka kuti ali ndi phazi limodzi m'mitundu iwiri iliyonse .

> Zotsatira:

> Janssen-Hejinen, M., van Erning, F., De Ruysscher, D., Coebergh, J., ndi J. Groen. Kusintha kwa zifukwa za imfa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda khansa malingana ndi msinkhu komanso nthawi yomwe akudwala. Annals of Oncology . 2015. 26 (5): 902-7.

> Nichols, L, Saunder, R., ndi F. Knollmann. Zifukwa za imfa ya odwala khansa ya m'mapapo. Archives of Pathology ndi Lab Medicine . 2012. 136 (12): 155-7.