Pali mitundu itatu ya matani-mataniyoni, kapena adenoids, omwe ali kumbuyo kwa mphuno; matani a palatine, omwe ali kumbuyo kwa mmero mwako ndipo mwinamwake mumaganizira za chiyani mukamva mawu akuti "matani"; ndi zilembo zamagulu, zomwe zili pansi pa lilime. Pazigawo zitatu za matani, matayala amtundu ndi omwe amakhala oopsa kwambiri (khansa).
Pali mitundu iwiri ya khansara yomwe imakhudza matani: squamous cell carcinoma ndi lymphoma. Khansara yamtundu imatengedwa ngati mtundu wa oropharyngeal (oral) khansa.
Zizindikiro za Khansa Yamatoni
Mudzazindikira kuti zizindikiro zina za khansa yamtundu ndizofanana ndi zizindikiro za strep throat . Komabe, strep throat ndi yowonjezeka kwambiri kwa anthu a zaka zapakati pa 5 mpaka 15, pamene khansa yambiri imakhudza anthu a zaka zoposa 50.
- Zilonda kumbuyo kwa pakamwa kapena mmero zomwe sizimachiritsa
- Kutupa matayoni omwe sali ofanana ndi kukula (imodzi ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa ina)
- Kumva kupweteka m'mphuno sikuchoka
- Makutu
- Kuvuta ndi / kapena ululu pakumeza
- Ululu mukamadya zipatso za citrus
- Amapumphuka m'khosi
- Kupweteka kwa misempha
- Khosi lomwe silikuchoka
- Mphepete mwazi
- Mpweya woipa
Zowopsa
Anthu ena amakhala ndi khansa yamtundu chifukwa cha zosankha za moyo kapena zochitika zina. Mukhoza kutenga khansara yamatumbo ngati mumamwa mowa kapena utsi, muli ndi kachilombo ka HPV kapena kachirombo ka HIV, kapena muli ndi zaka zoposa 50 kapena kupitilira (ngakhale kuti khansara imatha nthawi iliyonse).
Inunso mumakhala ndi khansa yamtundu ngati muli mwamuna kapena muli ndi chiwalo chokakamira .
Kudziwa
Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyana pofuna kuwathandiza kuti azindikire khansa ya matani. Gawo loyamba la njirayi ndi kupeza mbiri yabwino yaumoyo kuchokera kwa inu. Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anani. Pambuyo pake, ngati kuli kotheka, dokotala wanu angakonze mayesero amodzi kapena angapo awa.
- Chovala chabwino cha singano (kachigawo kakang'ono ka minofu kamachokera ku tonsils ndi singano ndipo maselo akuyang'aniridwa ndi microscope)
- Mayeso a magazi
- X-ray
- MRI
- PET kuyesa
Kusinthana
Kuika khansa m'magawo anayi kumathandiza akatswiri azaumoyo kuti adziwe momwe khansa yapitira patsogolo momveka bwino komanso mwachidule. Komabe zothandiza izi zikhoza kukhala kwa dokotala wanu, zikhoza kukhala zosokoneza kwambiri kwa inu. Izi ndi zomwe zigawo zosiyana zimatanthauza.
- Gawo Woyamba: Khansara ndi yaying'ono (yosachepera 2 cm), imangokhala kumalo amodzi, ndipo sinafalikira kumalo ozungulira am'mimba .
- Gawo Lachiwiri: Khansara ili pakati pa 2 mpaka 4 cm koma sinafalikira.
- Gawo lachitatu: Khansara imaposa 4 masentimita ndipo imafalikira ku nthendayi imodzi yomwe ili pambali imodzi ya khosi ngati chotupa. Mankhwala am'mimba amatha masentimita atatu kapena osachepera.
- Gawo lachinayi: Ndilo gawo lovuta kwambiri ndi loyipa kwambiri. Kansera ya khansa yachinayi, chilichonse mwa zinthu izi ndi zoona:
- Khansara yayamba kufalikira kumadera oyandikana nawo mmero mwa mmimba kapena pakamwa ndi / kapena oposa amodzi.
- Zafalikira ku nthenda imodzi ya minofu yomwe imayima kuposa masentimita 6.
- Yafalikira ku nthenda imodzi ya minofu kumbali ina ya khosi monga chotupa.
- Khansara yafalikira ku mbali zina za thupi.
Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya Tonsil
Kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chimene mumalandira chifukwa cha matenda anu chidzadalira pa siteji ya khansa yamtundu yomwe muli nayo, muli ndi mtundu wanji, ndi momwe mukuchitira nkhanza inu ndi dokotala wanu mukakhala ndi mankhwala.
Kawirikawiri, mitundu itatu ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Opaleshoni: Odwala ambiri amafunikira opaleshoni kuchotsa minofu ya khansa. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi kansa ya sewero lachiwiri kapena yachiwiri sangadye mankhwala ena kuposa awa, ngakhale kuti ma radiation angakonzedwenso popeza kansalu kamene kamangokhala kansalu ikhoza kukula.
- Mafunde: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, odwala ambiri amawombedwa ndi mafunde kuti aphe anyani omwe ali ndi khansa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma radiation ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira pazochitika zanu.
- Chemotherapy: Ngati muli ndi khansa yachitsulo chachitatu kapena IV, mungayambe mankhwala a chemotherapy. Chithandizo chatsopano chotchedwa induction chemotherapy chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chichepetse.
Madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa chithandizo chochepa cha opaleshoni chotsatira pambuyo pake. Madokotala ena amagwiritsanso ntchito hyperthermia (kutenthetsa thupi kutentha kutentha maselo). Njira zina zothandizira zowonjezera zilipo, koma kampani yanu ya inshuwalansi sichitha kulipira. Mankhwala opatsirana ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri pokhapokha ngati mukuchita nawo phunziro laposachedwapa.
Palinso mankhwala ambiri osamalidwa komanso osayansi omwe amaperekedwa padziko lonse lapansi; Mankhwalawa amayenera kulipidwa chifukwa cha mthumba, akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo, ndipo palibe chitsimikizo kuti adzagwira ntchito. Mwamwayi, khansara imakhala yowononga kwambiri kuposa khosi lina / mkamwa mwa khansa. Akagwidwa kumayambiriro oyambirira, anthu ambiri amatha kugunda khansa yambiri.
Kulumikizana kwa HPV
Pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa khansara ya mutu ndi khosi chifukwa cha matenda a HPV (kachirombo ka papilloma). Iyi ndiyo kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa khansara ya chiberekero. Kalekale, khansara ya mutu ndi khosi inali yosawerengeka ndipo imayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito fodya wosuta, kusuta fodya, ndi kumwa mowa, koma pakati pa 1984 ndi 2004, chiwerengero cha khansa ya mutu ndi khosi yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi HPV katatu. Mu 2004, matenda asanu ndi awiri (7) mwa khumi ndi atatu omwe amachititsa khansa ndi mutu zimayambitsidwa ndi HPV. Amakhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri imafalitsidwa kudzera mu kugonana kosalankhula.
"Zovala zasiliva" (ndiko kunena) ndizokuti mavenda a HPV amakhala omvera kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ena a khansa ndi mutu. Ngakhale khansa ya HPV yowonjezereka , mitundu ina ya khansa ya mutu ndi khosi yayamba . Pali katemera wa HPV omwe alipo ndipo kutumizirana kachilombo ka HIV kungapeweke pogwiritsira ntchito makondomu .
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Kuthamanga mu Mphoto ya Khansa ya Throat Yotsamira ku HPV. https://www.cancer.org/
> American Cancer Society. Zomwe Mungachite Kuti Mupeze Zomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Pakhomo la Mlomo ndi Khansa ya Oropharyngeal ndi Gawo. Chilendo
> Makedara-Sinai. Khansa yamatoni. http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Tonsil-Cancer.aspx
> National Cancer Institute. (2015). Kapepala Kowonetsera Khansa. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging
> National Cancer Institute. (2011). Hyperthermia mu Chithandizo cha Khansa. Chiwongola dzanja