Mphuno, mphuno pamphuno ndi pakamwa yomwe imatsogolera mmimba ndi m'mapapu, ndiwophweka kwambiri kwa matenda ndi kukhumudwa komwe kumayambitsa kupweteka kwa pakhosi. Matenda ochititsa matenda monga mavairasi a mabakiteriya ndi mabakiteriya amachititsa zilonda zam'mimba-ndipo nthawi zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa molondola. Koma zifukwa zina ziyenera kuganiziranso, kuphatikizapo zotsekula, utsi wa ndudu, komanso mpweya wouma.
Matenda ena, monga acid reflux, amachititsanso ululu. Ngakhale ntchito yosavuta yofuula kapena kuimba mokweza kungawononge mmero, kupweteka ndi kutupa.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri adziwa chifukwa cha kupweteka kwawo, mwina chifukwa cha chizindikiro kapena chivulazo chodziwika, ena angafune dokotala kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi vutoli. Nazi zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba, kuyambira ku matenda ochepa, omwe amapezeka m'madera omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri:
Matenda opatsirana
Matenda a kachilombo amatha kupitirira theka la onse odwala pharyngitis, ndipo chimfine chomwe chimagwidwa ndi mitundu yoposa 200 ya tizilombo, kuphatikizapo adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, ndi coronaviruses-zimayendetsa njira. Khungu lopweteka chifukwa cha matenda a tizilombo timakhala ndifupipafupi, timeneti, mphuno, mutu, ndi malungo. Matendawa amatha kukhalanso.
Matenda ena a mavairasi omwe amapezeka ndi pharyngitis ndi awa:
- Orthomyxovirus, banja la mavairasi a chimfine
- Infectious mononucleosis , yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Epstein-Barr
- Coxsackievirus ndi echovirus, zomwe zimayambitsa zilonda m'makamwa ndi mmero ndi ululu wa herpangina mwa ana aang'ono
- Mankhwala a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (katemera wabwino angathandize kuteteza izi)
- Vuto la Herpes simplex (HSV), limene lingayambitse zilonda zam'mimba pammero
- HIV: Chifuwa ndi zizindikiro zina zofanana ndi chimfine zikhoza kuwuka msanga. Pambuyo pake, kupweteka kwa pakhosi kumaphatikizapo matenda ena achiwiri, monga cytomegalovirus ndi matenda opweteka.
Ngakhale matenda ena a tizilombo, monga HSV, amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ena ambiri (kuphatikizapo chimanga, mononucleosis, ndi chimfine) alibe mankhwala.
Matenda a Bakiteriya
Matenda angapo a bakiteriya amatha kupweteka. Chimodzi mwa zofala kwambiri ndi Streptococcus pyogenes , mabakiteriya ogwirizana ndi strep throat (streptococcal pharyngitis). Zimalingaliridwa kuti ziwerengere ndi 10 peresenti yokha ya pakhosi pakati pa akuluakulu ndi ana aang'ono koma mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a pakhosi pa ana a sukulu.
Kupweteka kwa mmero kuli kochepa koma nthawi zina kumayambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri. Kupsyinjika sikumayambitsa zizindikiro za kupuma monga chifuwa ndi kukhudzana. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizapo malungo, kunyoza, kusanza, mpweya woipa, ndi kutupa kwa mmero.
Matenda osagwirizana ndi mabakiteriya ammimba ndi awa:
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)
- Bordetella pertussis ( akutsokomola chifuwa )
- Matenda a mabakiteriya
- Bakiteriya chibayo
Kuyeza kofulumira kwazitsulo kukhoza kusindikiza kwa mzere wa mmphepete. Chikhalidwe cha mmero chimatha kuzindikira kapena kuthandizira kuthetsa vuto la bakiteriya.
Chithandizo cha antibiotic chimachokera pa mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka.
Matenda a Fungal
Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha matenda a mitsempha ya fungali ndi Candida albicans, mtundu wa yisiti umene umapangitsa onse kutulutsa pakamwa ndi matenda a yisiti. Matenda amayamba kuchitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri omwe amawoneka ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV . Ena omwe ali pachiopsezo amakhala ndi wina aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito steroid yosakaniza, amanyamula mano amodzi kapena amakhala ndi matenda a shuga osadziteteza.
Mankhwala ammimba ( oral candidiasis ) amatha kukhala opanda zizindikiro koma nthawi zina amatha kupweteka pakamwa, m'kamwa, ndi pammero. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphuno, candidiasis imaonedwa ngati yaikulu.
Matenda a fungal monga awa amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Allergic Pharyngitis ndi Postnasal Drip
Allergic pharyngitis ndi kutupa kwa mmero kumayambira makamaka ndi mankhwala omwe amalowa m'mphuno kapena pakamwa. Mutha kuwona izi pamene mphuno yanu yanyamulidwa chifukwa cha mliri wamakono, kukukakamizani kuti mupume m'kamwa mwanu. Ziphuphuzi zimauma, zomwe zimayambitsa kukwiya komanso kukwiya. Mwinanso mungakhale ndi madzi akumwa ngati ntchentche imatuluka m'magazi anu kumbuyo kwa mmero. Izi zingayambitse kupweteka kwa mmero ndi toni. Kapena, mungamve ngati muli ndi mtanda kumbuyo kwanu.
Nthawi zina, zovuta zowopsa zimakhudza kwambiri khosi. Izi zimawoneka ngati anaphylaxis , yomwe ingayambitse mankhwala ena (monga penicillin), zakudya (monga mphesa), kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malingana ndi kukanika kwa yankho, zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo pakhosi, kupweteka, malungo, ndi kupuma kovuta kapena kumeza. Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, ikhoza kuchititsa kuti pakhosi, phokoso, kusanza, kupuma, kupweteka, komanso imfa.
Reflux ya Acid ndi GERD
Reflux ya acid imachitika pamene mimba ya asidi kapena bile ikubwerera kummero. Zonsezi zamadzimadzi zimakwiyitsa kwa mucosal zowonjezera za pharynx ndi pulopus. Reflux ya acid imayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba , makamaka mukadzuka mmawa kapena mutakhala pansi kwa kanthawi. Reflux ya acid imapezeka chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri kuphatikizapo kulephera kwa mchere wotsika kwambiri (LES) kutseka kapena kuvuta .
Ngakhale kuti reflux ya asidi ikhoza kukhala yotsatira mwachindunji cha chinthu chomwe mudadya kapena kumwa, chikhoza kukhala chikhalidwe chokhazikika chomwe chimatchedwa matenda a reflux ( GERD ). Pamene mimba ya mimba imafika pamtima, imatchedwa reflux ya laryngopharyngeal.
Zovuta zina
Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pharyngitis ndi awa:
- Pakamwa pamphuno, makamaka pamene tigona
- Kuvulaza khosi kumalo osakaniza madzi otentha kapena mankhwala, komanso kupsinjika pamtima
- Kuchita opaleshoni yowopsya kapena kutsekedwa kwa pandege panthawi yopaleshoni kwa malo ena, kuchititsa kupwetekedwa ndi kutupa pakachiritsidwa
- Kusokonezeka kwa minofu chifukwa choyankhula mokweza kapena kwa nthawi yaitali
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kupwetekedwa mtima kwa zingwe zoyimba
- Epiglottitis (kutukusira kwa chivundikiro cha mphepo)
- Kuperewera kwa peresenti (zovuta za matronillitis)
- Khansara yowopsya
- Antipsychotics ndi mankhwala ena (monga pramipexole amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochitira Parkinson)
Genetics
Palibe chidziwitso cha chibadwa cha chiwopsezo cha chiopsezo cha zifukwa zambiri za mmimba, ngakhale kuti pangakhale pangidwe la chibadwa kwa GERD.
Palinso kachibadwa koyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi nthenda yakuda kwambiri. Iwo amaganiza kuti ana obadwa mwachisawawa, makamaka ngati amakhala m'madera osauka, amakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.
Zochitika Zowopsa Kwamoyo
Zina mwazifukwa zoopsa za pakhosi, monga momwe thupi lanu limakhudzidwira, zimakhala zopanda mphamvu. Koma apa pali zina zomwe mungathe kuchita nazo:
Irritants ndi Toxins
Kuwonetsa kwa zinthu zina kungayambitse kutupa kwapadera kwa ziwalo ndi ziwalo zogwirizana. Zina zimapweteketsa mtima monga kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, utsi wa ndudu, ndi mafakitale. Zina zimayenderana ndi zakudya ndi zina zomwe mumadya, monga mowa, zakudya zokometsera, kapena fodya.
Ngakhale mpweya wouma ukhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi wosasangalatsa, popeza kusowa kwa chinyezi kumatha kuchoka mmero pako kumva wouma ndi wouma. Izi ndi zachilendo m'madera ozizira. Mpweya wotentha komanso ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino zingayambitsenso khosi.
Ukhondo
Kusamba m'manja nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta kuti mukhale ndi matenda okhudzana ndi majeremusi omwe mungatenge pamasiku anu, kuphatikizapo omwe amachititsa chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi kupweteka kwa pakhosi.
Katemera wa Flu
Kupeza phokosoli pachaka kungathandize kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chanu.
Makhalidwe
Mphuno ndi chimfine zikhoza kufalikira mosavuta kumalo kumene anthu ambiri amagwirana ntchito, makamaka m'madera oyandikana nawo, monga malo ophunzitsira usilikali. Malingana ndi CDC, ana a sukulu ndi omwe ali m'masewera a daycare amakhala pafupi ndi chimfine ndi kufalikira kwa strep throat chifukwa chokhala m'magulu ndi ana ena. Makolo angalandire matendawa kuchokera kwa ana awo.
Ngakhale kuti simungathe kudzichotsa nthawi zonse, kudziwa izi kungakuthandizeni kuti muzichita khama pazinthu zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupewa kupewa matenda (makamaka nthawi zachisanu), monga kusamba m'manja komanso kupewa zakumwa zakumwa.
Kugwiritsira Ntchito Liwu Lanu
Mwinanso mumakhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamtundu ndi mitsempha ya mmero mwa kufuula, kulankhula mokweza, kapena kuimba kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zotsatira:
> Addey D, Shephard A. Zochitika, Zomwe Zimayambitsa, Kuopsa ndi Kuchiza Mankhwala Osokoneza Bwino. BMC Kumutu, Mphuno, ndi Matenda Osautsa . 2012; 12: 9. lembani: 10.1186 / 1472-6815-12-9.
> Engel ME, Stander R, Vogel J, Adeyemo AA, Mayosi BM. Genetic Kulingalira Kuti Chiwombankhanga Chowopsa Chimveka: Kusanthula Mwachidule ndi Kusanthula Meta-Kufufuza kwa Twin Studies. PLoS One . 2011; 6 (9): 1-6.
> Hildreth A, Takhar S, Clark M, Hatten B. Umboni Wokwanira Wowunika ndi Kulamulira Kwa Odwala Ndi Pharyngitis Mu The Emergency Department. Zovuta Zamachiritso Zochita. 2015: 15 (9): 1-16.
> Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A. Zinthu Zachilengedwe ndi Zopanda Matenda mu Aetiology ya Pharyngitis (Zoopsa Kwambiri). Kusaka Kwambiri. 2012; 61 (10): 1041-1052. lembani: 10.1007 / s00011-012-0540-9.
> Worrall G. Acute Sore Throat. Canadian Family Physician. 2011; 57 (7): 791-794.