Zonyamula Matenda a Typhoid Sungadwale
Mkuntho wa Maria anali munthu weniweni kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 omwe anali chidziwitso (popanda zizindikilo) wotengera Salmonella typhi . Pa ntchito yake monga kuphika, anadziwitsa anthu 47 omwe ali ndi typhoid fever mosadziwika ndipo pamapeto pake analekanitsidwa atakana kumvera machenjezo ochokera kwa akuluakulu a zaumoyo ndikusiya kuphika.
Chiwopsezo ndi chenicheni kwa anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi kumadera komwe madzi ndi ukhondo sawateteze ku typhoid.
Izi zingakhalenso matenda amene oyendetsa amalandira pamene ali kunja. Zitha kufalikira pakudya chakudya kapena kumwa madzi kapena zakumwa zina zomwe zili ndi mabakiteriya a typhoid. Kuopsa kwa kachilombo ka HIV kungachepe ndi katemera .
Dzina la Mitundu: Salmonella typhi ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Typhoid Fever. Mitundu ina, kuphatikizapo Salmonella enteritidis kapena Salmonella typhimurium , imayambitsa gastroenteritis (kutsegula m'mimba) kapena matenda a typhoid.
Mtundu wa Microb: Mabakiteriya a gram-hasi
Momwe izo zimafalikira
Salmonella typhi ikhoza kutsanulidwa kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a typhoid fever, komanso omwe amanyamula katundu, omwe ndi anthu amene adachiritsidwa ku matendawa koma akupitiriza kunyamula mabakiteriya awo m'magazi awo. Kutenga kumapezeka mwa kumeza zakudya kapena zakumwa zoyipa ndi Salmonella typhi , kuphatikizapo madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwa kapena kutsuka zakudya.
Ndani ali pangozi?
Kutentha kwa chiwombankhanga kumafala m'mayiko osadziwika, makamaka Asia, Africa, ndi Latin America.
Milandu pafupifupi 400 imachitika chaka chilichonse ku United States, ndipo zambiri zimapezeka panthawi ya maulendo apadziko lonse. M'mayiko osauka, anthu 21.5 miliyoni amakhudzidwa chaka chilichonse. Pali katemera omwe angathe kuchepetsa ngoziyi.
Zizindikiro
Ndikofunika kufunafuna thandizo ngati muli ndi malungo mukamayenda.
Matendawa amatha kukhala ndi malungo a 103 F mpaka 104 F, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kupweteka mutu, kutopa, kusowa kwa njala. Matendawa amatha kutenga nthawi kuti apange. Pakhoza kukhala kutsekula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa. Pakhoza kukhala kuphulika. Ena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lopiritsa thupi komanso opaleshoni. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimafuna akatswiri ophunzitsidwa kuti adziwe.
Kudziwa
Nthawi zambiri matendawa amatengedwa chifukwa cha ma antibodies m'mayiko omwe chimfine chimapezeka. Izi zimafuna dokotala ali ndi chidziwitso kutanthauzira. Chikhalidwe cha magazi kapena chidole. Mfupa wa aspirate wa mafupa umakhalanso njira yowonongeka yowonongeka.
Kuthamangitsani
Ndi mankhwala ochepetsa maantibayotiki, zizindikiro zimayamba kukhazikika masiku awiri kapena atatu, ndipo izi zimakhala bwino. Popanda kuchiza, malungo amatha kwa milungu ingapo, ndipo matendawa amafa mpaka 20 peresenti ya anthu ovutika.
Chithandizo
Muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu kapena namwino za mankhwala. Izi zikhoza kukhala matenda owopsa kwambiri. Ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala chomwe chilipo. Maantibayotiki (Ceftriaxone trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, kapena ciprofloxacin) kaŵirikaŵiri amalembedwa. Mankhwala opha majeremusiwa sangagwire ntchito ngakhale ngati kuli kukana kumene chiphuphucho chinatengedwa. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi dokotala.
Kusankhidwa kwa maantibayotiki kumadalira chitsanzo cha antibiotic-kukana malo komwe matendawa anapezedwa. Ikhoza kuthana ndi ma antibayotiki ndi mankhwala kwa milungu iwiri (nthawi zambiri ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala ochiritsira mankhwala ambiri).
Kupewa
Katemera awiri omwe amapezeka ku United States chifukwa cha typhoid fever: katemera wam'mimba (Vivotif Berna) ndi katemera wodwala (Tiphim Vi). Ngati mukupita kudziko lotukuka kumene typhoid fever ingakhale yovuta, onani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu katemera osachepera 1 sabata musanayende. Ngakhale mutapatsidwa katemera m'mbuyomo, chidziwitso chingakhale chofunika.
Kuphatikiza apo, yesani kudya zakudya zotetezeka pamene mukuyenda. Imwani botolo kapena madzi owiritsa okha, idyani chakudya chokha, chophika bwino, ndipo idyani zipatso zokha ndi masamba omwe mwatsukidwa ndikupukuta.
Zimayambitsa matenda
Pakati pa sabata imodzi mpaka mwezi umodzi Salmonella typhi yatha, imayambitsa matumbo, imachulukira, ndi kufalikira m'magazi. Mabakiteriya amatha kufalikira ku chiwindi ndi chiwindi, komwe amachulukira mochuluka, kulowa mmagazi, kuchititsa matenda ndikufalikira ku chikhodzodzo ndi kubwerera m'mimba, komwe kumawonongeka kwambiri m'mimba.
Zizindikiro za matenda a typhoid fever amakhulupirira kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa lipopolysaccharide (LPS), yomwe ndi mbali yoopsa ya bakiteriya pamwamba. Chitetezo cha m'thupi chimatulutsa mapuloteni otchedwa cytokines omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitentha kwambiri. Mabakiteriya atalowa m'magazi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayendera ku ziphuphu ndi ziwalo zonse m'thupi lonse ndipo zingathe kupha popanda mankhwala oletsa antibiotic.
Mavuto
Kuphatikiza pa chiopsezo cha imfa kapena matenda opitirirabe, zotsatira zina zomwe zingathe kuchitika ndi matenda a chiwindi a Salmonella typhi ndi kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, toxemia (mabakiteriya m'magazi), myocarditis (kutupa kwa myocardium mu mtima), ndipo matumbo amatha kutuluka.
Zotsatira:
Salmonella spp. Bukhu la Bad Bug la USFDA. Pakati pa Chakudya Chakudya ndi Chakudya Chopatsa Thanzi.
Chiwindi cha Mkuntho. Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda.
Salyers, AA ndi Whitt, DD. Bacterial Pathogenesis. Njira Yapang'ono. American Society for Microbiology. Washington, DC 1994. mas. 229-243.