Zamadzimadzi zopangira Mavitamini ndi Zodzoladzola Zimapanga Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Ambiri
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndizochitika zaka zikwizikwi za kukonzekera mlingo wa mankhwala oyenera kwa odwala kumwa, kumeza, kuika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito khungu. Ndiwowonjezereka kwambiri wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo opangidwa ndi asamalonda ndi akatswiri a zamankhwala m'ma pharmacies ammudzi ndi zipatala. Ndipo ngakhale mayina awo "osalimba", kupanga miyezo yodzisinthika malinga ndi malamulo ndi zamaluso amafunikira kutsatira malamulo okhwima oonetsetsa ndi kusunga mankhwala opangira mankhwala oyera ndi potency; kuonetsetsa kuti kusakaniza; kupereka zofunika pamapangidwe, kusungirako, ndi kulemba; ndi kusunga malo onse ogwira ntchito ndi zipangizo monga zoyera momwe zingathere.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mankhwala osakanikirana osakanikirana ndi osabereka kumakhudza momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira. Mankhwala omwe amafunidwa kuti apange jekeseni, kulowetsedwa kapena kugwira ntchito ku diso ayenera kuwonjezeredwa malinga ndi malamulo ndi miyezo ya wosabala yowonjezera chifukwa mabakiteriya kapena bowa omwe amapezeka m'magulu-triliyoni akhoza kuika miyoyo ya odwala pangozi. Kupewa kusokoneza ndi kofunikira pamene kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kosakaniza, koma ogwira ntchito sagwira ntchito kumalo osungiratu ozungulira monga malo oyeretsera.
Kodi Kupanga Kusasintha Kumaphatikizapo Chiyani?
Kutanthauzira kwabwino kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi webusaiti ya Quizlet imalongosola mwambo umenewu monga "kupanga njira zothetsera mavuto, kusungunula, mafuta odzola, mavitamini, mapepala, suppositories, capsules, ndi mapiritsi." Tsatanetsatane yowonjezereka ingatanthauze kugwa kosagwedezeka kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kosakhala kosavuta, kosavuta komanso kovuta.
Maguluwa akudalira momwe kulimbika kupanga mawonekedwe a mlingo, ndizoopsa zomwe mankhwalawa amapereka kwa wodwala komanso wogwiritsira ntchito, ndi momwe fomu yomalizira iyenera kuperekera ndi kusungidwa.
Kuphatikizika kosavuta kumakhala kuphatikizapo kusakaniza mankhwala molingana ndi mayendedwe apangidwe, kapena "maphikidwe," ndi kupanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa monga mapiritsi kapena makapulisi.
Madokotala a ana ndi azimayi nthawi zambiri amapempha mankhwalawa kwa ana ndi nyama omwe sangathe kumeza mapiritsi kapena amafunika mlingo wocheperapo kusiyana ndi omwe amagulitsidwa.
Malamulo ovomerezeka a US Pharmacopeia alipo alipo 125 ophatikizapo mankhwala osakanikirana. Maphikidwe amatsimikizira kuti API ndi mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso momwe angayezere ndi kusakaniza zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ayesetseni mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amatsirizidwa ndipo amatsimikizira tsiku lomaliza, limene, mu pharmaceutical lingo, ndilo "tsiku losagwiritsiridwa ntchito." Mankhwala awiri a USP osakaniza osalerila ndi alprazolam kupimitsidwa pamlomo (mwachitsanzo, mapiritsi a Xanax ochokera ku Pfizer) ndi kumasulidwa kwa mtundu wa morphine sulfate suppositories.
Kuphatikizana kosakanikirana kumaphatikizapo kupanga miyezo yomwe ili ndi mankhwala omwe angakhale ovulaza kapena kukonzekera omwe amafunikira kusamala mwapadera. Ma fentanyl, omwe amadziwika bwino ngati mapuloteni, ndi mafuta omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosamala ndi magolovesi akugwera m'gulu ili. Madokotala a mano, opaleshoni ya ovomerezeka, ndi a dermatologists amakonda kupanga mankhwala omwe amafunika kuti azikhala osagwirizana. Dongosolo lamphamvu pazinthu zabwino zopangidwira ndi kutha kwa masiku sizinafalitsidwe pazinthu izi.
Ma pharmacies ochepa amachititsa kuti zinthu zisamangidwe bwino, zomwe zimafuna maphunziro apamwamba ndi zipangizo zamapadera kuti apange zinthu monga makapulisi otulutsidwa.
Kodi Ndi Malamulo Otani Amene Alipo Osakayikira?
USP 795 "Mankhwala Ogwiritsira Ntchito" Kukonzekera Osagwiritsidwa Ntchito "amamangiriza malamulo a zamankhwala ndi akatswiri a zamankhwala ayenera kutsatira pamene akukonzekera mafomu omwe amadziwika kuti adzalandidwa pamlomo, mwachindunji kapena pamutu. Mutuwu unasinthidwa, wowonjezedwa ndikuwongosoledwanso mu Meyi 2011 kuti awonetse kufunika kolemba zonse zowonjezereka njira, kulemba mankhwala ozunguziridwa molondola ndi APIs ndi masiku osagwiritsiridwa ntchito, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyeretsa kuti azisakaniza ndi kuyeretsa zokhudzana ndi kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kosagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kugwirizana kwa ndimeyi kumapereka tsatanetsatane wambiri pa zomwe USP 795 imafuna, koma mfundo ziwiri zikupereka kutsindika.
Choyamba, monga memiti wa Komiti Yowunika Kwambiri ya USP, Patricia Kienle, RPh, MPA, FASHP, adauza Pharmacy Purchasing & Products kuti , "Ngakhale njira zosavuta, monga kukhazikitsanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zimatanthawuzira kuwonjezereka ndipo motere, zili ndi mutu uwu."
Chachiwiri, USP 795 imagwira ntchito. Zakudya zake zikhoza kukhala, ndipo zilimbikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira US Food and Drug Administration ndi gulu la boma la akuluakulu apamtima. Zonsezi zakhala zikugwirizana ndi USP 795 monga choyambirira chokhazikika chokhazikika komanso chosagwirizana ndi malamulo, ndipo ena apanga malamulo ena othandizira. Mwachidule, kutsatira mfundo za USP 795 kumapangitsa anthu ogwira ntchito zamalonda ndi akatswiri kumbali yolondola ya chithandizo chaumoyo ndi lamulo.