Ngakhale pali mankhwala ambirimbiri, mankhwala onse ogulitsidwa amagwera pansi pa limodzi kapena limodzi mwa magawo awiri oyambirira a American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Pharmacologic-Therapeutic Classification System. Chigawochi chinapangidwa ndipo chimasungidwa ndi American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), bungwe la azimayi a zamayiko.
AHFS Maphunziro
Zigawozi zikuphatikizapo izi:
- Antihistamine Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo mankhwala ovomerezeka a Clarinex ndi Xyzal ndi OTC mankhwala Allegra, Benadryl, Claritin, Chlor-Trimeton, Dimetane, Zyrtec ndi Tavist.
- Agent anti-infective amagwiritsa ntchito penicillin ndi anti-viral
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Mankhwala Ovomerezeka
- Zopereka Magazi
- Kupanga Magazi, Kugwirana kwa Magazi, ndi Agulu a Thrombosis
- Mankhwala Okhudza Mtima Amaphatikizapo digoxin, acebutolol, propranolol ndi lisinopril
- Thandizo la Ma Cellular
- Njira Yam'madzi Yam'madzi (CNS) Agent akuphatikizapo kukhumudwitsa ndi kukhumudwa
- Njira zothandizira kulera (zowononga, zipangizo)
- Agent menso
- Odwala Opaleshoni
- Mavitamini (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zina osati khungu)
- Electrolytic, Caloric, ndi Kusamala kwa Madzi
- Enzyme
- Agwiritsira Ntchito Matenda Opatsirana Opuma
- Diso, Khutu, Mphuno, ndi Throat (EENT) Kukonzekera
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amadziphatikizapo rabeprazole sodium, nitazoxanide, bevacizumab, ndi nizatidine, mankhwala opatsirana a OTC
- Gold Compounds
- Anthu olemera kwambiri
- Mahomoni ndi Ophatikiza Maofesi
- Anesthetics Kumidzi
- Oxytocics
- Mavitayala Owopsa
- Nkhumba, Toxoids, ndi katemera
- Khungu ndi Mucous Membrane Agents
- Zosakaniza Zosakaniza Zopuma Zimaphatikizapo cyclobenzaprine ndi carisoprodol
- Mavitamini
- Zosiyanasiyana Zolemba Zothandizira
- Zida
- Zothandizira Mankhwala
Gawo lathunthu likusinthidwa chaka ndi chaka ndipo limafalitsidwa mu AHFS Drug Information .
Milandu Yovomerezeka ya Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Ku United States, lamulo la mankhwala linayambika pansi pa lamulo la Controlled Substances Act 1970 ndipo linayambiranso mu 1990. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalowa m'ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana zosiyana ndi zomwe angathe kuchita. Zina mwa mankhwalawa zimapezeka kokha ndi mankhwala ndipo zina zimapezeka pa-counter-the-counter (OTC).
Pamene Congress idapatsa lamulo lolamulidwa ndi mankhwalawa, idavomereza kuti lamulo loti mankhwala ambiri ali ndi chidziwitso chachipatala ndipo ndi "zofunika kuti asamakhale ndi thanzi labwino la anthu a ku America." Komabe, olemba malamulo adazindikiranso kuti zotsatira zake zowonongeka, kutengako ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunali kosayenera. Lamulo lopangidwa ndi zinthu zogonjetsedwa linapangidwa kuti "kukhazikitse bwino kuyendetsa magalimoto apadziko lonse ndi apanyumba m'zinthu zoyendetsedwa," malinga ndi lamuloli.
- Ndondomeko 1 mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowononga, sadziwika kuti akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachipatala ndipo amaika chitetezo cha chitetezo. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), MDMA (chisangalalo), chamba ndi methaqualone.
- Ndondomeko 2 mankhwala ali ndi mwayi waukulu wochitira nkhanza, ali ndi mankhwala, ndipo ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chodalira (kuledzera). Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagawidwa monga Pulogalamu 2 akuphatikizapo opium, morphine, coca, cocaine, methadone, ndi methamphetamine.
- Ndondomeko ya mankhwala atatu ali ndi zochepetsetsa zowononga, idzakhala ndi mankhwala, ndipo iwonetseni kuti mukudalira. Amphetamine, barbiturate, Valium, Xanax, anabolic steroids, ndi codeine ndi Ndondomeko 3 mankhwala.
- Ndondomeko 4 mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito nkhanza, ali ndi mankhwala apamwamba, ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kudalira. Gawoli limaphatikizapo ma chloral hydrate, meprobamate, paraldehyde, ndi phenobarbital.
- Ndondomeko 5 imayambitsa mavuto ang'onoang'ono ndipo kawirikawiri amakonzekera mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi pulogalamu 1 mpaka 4 ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mankhwala osakanizidwa ndi codeine ndi chitsanzo cha mankhwala a Schedule 5.
Ndandanda ya mankhwala nthawi zambiri imapereka chilango cha kupanga ndi kugawidwa kwa zinthu zoletsedwa. Act Control Control Substances wakhala akusinthidwa ndi Congress kuyambira pachiyambi chake mu 1970, ndipo mayiko akhala akutsutsa posachedwa chilango chokhala ndi mankhwala ena, makamaka chamba.