Mankhwala a mphumu angagawidwe m'magulu awiri:
- Mankhwala opatsirana mwamsanga
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Mankhwala othamanga msanga amachiza zizindikiro zovuta za mphumu, monga kuphulika, chifuwa cholimba, kupuma pang'ono, ndi kutsokomola. Mankhwala ochepetsa mphumu, pambali inayo, amayesetsa kupewa zizindikiro zomwezo. Kwa mbali zambiri, mankhwala onse a mphumu amatsitsimutsidwa, ngakhale kuti ena amabwera mu mawonekedwe a madzi ndipo mmodzi amaperekedwa ngati kulowetsedwa.
Tiyeni tione zomwe mungasankhe.
Shalaids Yowonjezera
Steroid yosakanizidwa ndi mankhwala ofunika kwambiri a mphumu chifukwa ndi njira yoyenera komanso yothandiza yomwe ingakhalepo kwa nthawi yaitali. Zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zotupa zimayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa a mphumu. Shalaids yolembedwera ikhoza kuphatikizapo:
Beta Agonists (SABA) Ochepa
SABAs ndi mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira m'mayeza a mphumu ya mphumu. Mankhwala a mphumu imeneyi ndi mankhwala osankhidwa kuti athetse vuto la chifuwa cha mphumu komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera masewera olimbitsa thupi . Chifukwa mankhwala awa a mphumu akhoza kuteteza zizindikiro za mphumu kuti zisapitirire, ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse uzikhala ndi iwe. Ena mwa a SABA ndi awa:
- Albuterol
- Proventil
- Ventolin
- Xopenex
- Maxair
Otsatira Beta Agonists Otha Kutalika Kwambiri (LABA)
Mankhwala a mphumuwa amavomerezedwa pamene mankhwala opatsirana opatsirana steroid sakuyendetsa bwino matenda anu, omwe amadziwika kuti adjunctive therapy.
Ma LABA sagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala amodzi a mphumu yothandizira ndi kupewa zizindikiro ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza zizindikiro zovuta za mphumu kapena kuphulika kwa mphumu . LABAs ndi awa:
- Brovana
- Foradil
- Perforomist
- Serevent
Kusintha kwa Leukotriene
Mankhwala a mphumuwa amachitidwa ngati njira yothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi mphumu yosalekeza ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a asthma imatha kulamuliridwa ndi iwo. Maonekedwe ena a leukotriene omwe alipo pakali pano ndi awa:
- Zolondola
- Singulair
- Zyflo
Oral Steroids
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa a mphumu kuti athe kuwongolera zizindikiro komanso kupewa kuthamanga kwa mvula. Mankhwala ovomerezeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala olamulira pambuyo poti mankhwala ena ambiri amalephera.
Anticholinergics
Anticholinergics imakhala ngati bronchodilator ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mophatikiza ndi SABAs mu mankhwala ovuta a zizindikiro za mphumu mu chipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena kuchipatala. Chitsanzo cha anticholinergic ndi Atrovent.
Cromolyn Sodium & Nedocromil
Cromolyn ndi nedocromil amaonedwa kuti ndi mankhwala ochiritsira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mphumu yosalekeza. Zonsezi zimathandiza kupewa kutupa m'mapapu. Mankhwalawa samagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zizindikiro zovuta za mphumu. Makampani ndi Intal ndi Tilade.
Kusakaniza Kachifuwa Mankhwala
Makampani ambiri a mankhwala akuphatikiza mankhwala, okhala ndi mitundu yoposa imodzi ya mankhwala a mphumu mu inhaler imodzi. Kawirikawiri, izi zimaphatikizapo steroid yosakanizidwa kuphatikizapo LABA. LABA imatulutsa mpweya wanu wamapapu ndipo steroid yosakanikirana imachepa ndipo imalepheretsa kutupa kwa pamsewu.
Odwala amapeza mankhwala awa a mphumu mosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati akuwongolera bwino. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo:
Odzidzidzimadzi
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi mphumu yambiri nthawi yaitali kapena amaonedwa ngati steroid. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kusintha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu ku ziphuphu za mphumu. Mwachidziwitso, mankhwalawa amachepetsa kuyankha kwanu kwa IgE kwa osowa mphumu. Pokhapokha pokhapokha palipomomodulator yomwe ilipo ndi Xolair .
Methylxanthine
Izi zimakhala ngati bronchodilator wofatsa ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochiritsira omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mankhwala osakaniza.
Zotsatira:
National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute. Report of Panel Panel 3 (EPR3): Malangizo Othandizira Kuzindikira ndi Kusamalira Khunyu