Mayesero a Zomwe Amayesa Kuwonetsa Amayi
Kodi mukudziwa kuti monga amayi, tonsefe tikuyenera kukhala ndi mayesero ena azachipatala ndi kuwonetseratu zaumoyo m'miyoyo yathu yonse? Mwachitsanzo, kodi mumadziwa kuti masomphenya ndi kumvetsera kumalimbikitsidwa pazaka khumi za moyo wanu? Phunzirani chifukwa chake tikusowa mafilimu awa.
Pap Test
Kuyeza kwa Pap kapena Pap smear n'kofunika kwa amayi onse a zaka 21 ndi pamwamba.
Azimayi opitirira zaka 21 ogonana amafunikanso mayeso a Pap kuyambira zaka zitatu zoyamba kugonana. Pap test, yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi Dr. George Papanicolaou m'ma 1950, imazindikira kusintha kosasintha kwa maselo a chiberekero omwe angayambitse khansa ya pachibelekero ngati sichidziwika ndi Pap smears pachaka.
Asanayambe kuyeza kwa Pap, khansara ya chiberekero inali yomwe imayambitsa khansa kupha akazi. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa Dr. Papanicolaou ndi kugwira ntchito mwakhama popanga mapuloteni a Pap, kachilombo ka khanda tsopano ndi 15, pakati pa zifukwa za kufa kwa khansa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi amayi pafupifupi 3,700 akufa ndi khansara chaka chilichonse.
Zowonjezerapo: Zomwe Zimayambira Pakafukufuku Wanu wa Pelvic ndi Pap Test
Mammograms
Malangizo omwe angayambire nthawi yoyamba yamitundu yosiyanasiyana amasiyana pakati pa akatswiri azaumoyo. Magulu ena, kuphatikizapo American Cancer Society ndi American College of Obstetricians ndi Gynecologists amalimbikitsa mammography kuyang'ana kuyambira ali ndi zaka 40, pamene magulu ena aluso kuphatikizapo American College of Physicians ndi American Academy of Family Physicians, US Preventative Services ku Task Force, monga komanso bungwe la Canadian Task Force la Periodic Health Examination limalimbikitsa kuyang'aniridwa chaka ndi chaka kuyambira ali ndi zaka 50.
Kusiyana kumeneku ndi chifukwa chakuti magulu omwe amalimbikitsa mammograms kuyambira zaka 50 amakhulupirira kuti kuopsa kwa kutuluka kwa dzuwa kungawononge ubwino wa kuyang'anitsitsa kuyambira pachiyambi.
Azimayi achichepere omwe ali pangozi yaikulu yotenga kansa ya m'mawere amafunikanso kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtundu uliwonse monga momwe adayenera ndi madokotala awo.
Mammograms ali otetezeka, opanda zopweteka, ndipo ndi kofunika kuti azindikire koyamba kwa khansa ya m'mawere. Mukapezeka mmawa, msinkhu wa zaka zisanu za khansa ya m'mawere ndi 96%, malinga ndi National Foundation for Cancer Foundation.
Zambiri: Mammography Screening
Kuyesedwa kwa Matenda
Kuyesera kusakanikirana kwa mafupa ndi njira yophweka komanso yopweteka. Kuyezetsa mafupa n'kofunika kwa amayi onse oposa zaka 65, komanso atsikana omwe ali ndi vuto limodzi lodziwika bwino, komanso amayi onse omwe ali ndi hysterectomy. Osteoporosis, nthawi zambiri, imayambitsa matenda ambiri a mafupa ndi kuphulika kwa minofu ya mafupa. Matendawa, ngati sakupezeka ndiwachiritsidwa oyambirira, amatsogolera ku mafupa osalimba omwe amatha mosavuta. Malinga ndi National Osteoporosis Foundation, akazi oposa 1.5 miliyoni ndi abambo oposa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (50) ali ndi matenda okhudzana ndi mitsempha ya m'magazi pachaka. Mwamwayi, kuyerekezera msanga kwa matenda a kutupa kwa mafupa ndi kuyezetsa kupima kwa mafupa kumachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amasiya kupitirira kwa matendawa ndipo amatha kusintha zina mwa mafupa omwe anachitika asanadziwe.
Zowonjezereka: Kufooka kwa Mitsempha: Kuopsa ndi Kupewa
Kupanikizika kwa Magazi
Kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumakhudza pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 50, kapena mmodzi wa anthu asanu, ku United States.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachitika pamene kuwerengedwa kwa magazi mobwerezabwereza kumapitirira 140/90.
Komabe, kuthamanga kwa magazi kungakhalenso kotsika kwambiri. Izi zikachitika, odwala amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi magazi kapena hypotension. Kusamvetseka kumachitika pamene kuthamanga kwa magazi kuli kochepa kwambiri kuposa kawirikawiri kwa wodwalayo. Choyamba, zizindikiro za hypotension ndizozunguza kapena kumverera kumutu komanso kumutu. Anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi omwe amayamba kukhala ndi zizindikirozi ayenera kuyendera ndi ogwira ntchito zawo zaumoyo kuti aone ngati mankhwala oyenera a magazi amagwira ntchito bwino kapena ngati kusintha kwa mankhwala n'kofunikira.
Nambala yapamwamba mu kuwerenga kwa magazi, yotchedwa systolic pressure, ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kapena kupanikizika motsutsana ndi mitsempha pamtunda uliwonse, pamene chiwerengero cha m'munsi kapena diastolic chimaimira kuchulukira kwa mitsempha pakati pa kugunda kwa mtima.
Zowonjezera: Zizindikiro za Kuthamanga Kwambiri kwa Magazi
Mayesero a STD
Nthawi iliyonse imene mukuganiza kuti mukudwala matenda opatsirana pogonana (STD), funsani wothandizira zaumoyo mwamsanga kuti muyesedwe. Kukhalapo kwa mtundu uliwonse wa chiwopsezo chachikazi chachilendo chiyenera kukhala tcheru kuti muwone dokotala wanu. Kukhala ndi chiwerewere chosadziwika sikutanthauza kuti matenda opatsirana pogonana alipo; Komabe, kukhala ndi chibadwa cha amayi nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza kukhalapo kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana kapena matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Zowonjezera: Zongopeka ndi Zoona Zokhudza Khalidwe la STD
Kawirikawiri Kuyezetsa HIV
Malingana ndi malangizo a CDC, aliyense amene amaona dokotala kapena yemwe ali wodwala m'chipinda chodzidzimutsa ayenera kulandira kachirombo ka HIV nthawi zonse. CDC imakhulupirira kuti kawirikawiri kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kudzataya 30% pakufalitsidwa kwa HIV, kachilombo ka HIV.
Zowonjezereka: Zowathandiza Akazi
Kujambula kwa Cholesterol
Mayeso a kolesterolini amathandiza kudziwiratu kuopsa kwachitukuko cha matenda a mtima. Kawirikawiri mayesero a cholesterol ndi ofunikira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Mayesero ena kuphatikizapo HDL ndi LDL cholesterol ndi triglycerides, pamodzi, otchedwa mbiri ya lipid imachitika nthawi ya kuyesedwa kwa kolesterol. Mayesero a cholesterol ayenera kuperekedwa kwa odwala okha chifukwa matenda ena angayambitse zotsatira zowonongeka. Azimayi ayenera kupeŵa kuyesedwa kwa kolesterolini panthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati chifukwa nthawi zambiri mimba imayambitsa ma nambala oposa ambiri. Pamene odwala akumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, kuchepetsa kumachitika kawirikawiri kuti awone momwe wodwalayo akumvera.
Zowonjezera: Matenda a Mtima mwa Akazi
Mayeso oopsa a kansa
Kuwonetsa kawirikawiri kansa ya colon, monga colonoscopies, iyenera kuyamba kwa odwala pazaka za m'ma 1900 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu. Colonoscopy iyenera kuyamba, kwa odwala ambiri, ali ndi zaka 50 ndipo ayenera kuchitika zaka 10 zotsatira. Odwala omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino ayenera kutsata malangizo awo omwe ali ndi chithandizo cha zaumoyo. American Cancer Society, komanso mabungwe ena a zaumoyo, amalimbikitsa kuti chizoloŵezi cha mayeso omwe amachitidwa kuti akhale achikulire a magazi chaka chilichonse atatha zaka 50.
Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a khansa yapamwamba kwambiri imakula kwambiri kwa zaka zisanu kuchokera ku matendawa owopsa mpaka 90%; Komabe, matenda oyambirira a khansa yapachiyambi amapezeka nthawi 39 peresenti. Pokhala ndi mayesero awa pa nthawi yovomerezeka, kapena monga mwadongosolo ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu, ndiyo njira yabwino yopezera khansara yoyipa akadali pachiyambi chake.
Kuyeza Khansa ya Khungu
Kuzindikira khansa ya khungu kumachitika nthawi zambiri pachaka ku United States kusiyana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa khansara. Ngakhale khansara yamapapu ndiyo yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa, kansa ya khungu imachitika mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha khansa ku United States chidziwe bwino. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti sivuta kudziwa ngati matenda a kansa ya khungu amakhalapo. Mizinda yambiri kuzungulira United States imapereka kanema ya khungu laulere, kawirikawiri mwezi wa Meyi, kuzipatala zam'deralo. Dermatologists a m'dera lanu amasiya Loweruka, panthawi ino, kuti athandizidwe kupeza khansa yapakhungu yopezeka payekha. Kuwonetsa khansa ya khungu laulere nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kupondereza, kuvala chovala chachipatala, ndikudikirira dokotala kuti alowe mu chipinda choyesa kuti aone khungu pa thupi lonse. Izi sizimangotenga mphindi zingapo ndipo zimapereka mwayi wokambirana mafunso aliwonse kapena nkhawa zomwe mungakhale nazo pa khansa ya khungu.
Zambiri: Mitundu ya Khansa ya Khungu
Kuwunika kwa shuga
Odwala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 (wamkulu yemwe amayamba matenda a shuga) ayenera kulandira mayesero a shuga kapena kusala kwa shuga kwa zaka zitatu iliyonse kuyambira ali ndi zaka 45. Zowopsa kwa anthu oyamba matenda a shuga ndi awa:
- Mbiri ya banja ya mtundu uliwonse kapena mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 2
- Azimayi omwe adamva matenda a shuga pa nthawi ya mimba
- Atabereka mwana wakhanda wolemera makilogalamu 9 atabadwa
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Kukhala m'banjamo ndi mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha African, Hispanic, American American, kapena Pacific Island
- Kupeza zochepa kapena zosachita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Zambiri: Zizindikiro za shuga
Masomphenya Kuwonera
Akuluakulu a zaka zapakati pa 18 ndi akulu ayenera kukhala ndi mayeso a maso aliwonse zaka ziwiri kapena ziwiri kufikira zaka 61, pamene bungwe la American Optometric Association limalimbikitsa kuti kuyang'ana masomphenya chaka ndi chaka kuyenera kuyamba. Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi vuto la diso nthawi zonse ayenera kuona optometrist nthawi zonse monga dokotala akuyamikira. Kuonjezera apo, odwala omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, mbiri ya banja monga glaucoma ndi macular degeneration, anthu amene amagwira ntchito omwe amafunikira masomphenya, odwala omwe amavala, omwe amamwa mankhwala nthawi zonse kapena Mankhwala OTC omwe ali ndi zotsatira zowona masomphenya, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino lomwe limakhudza maso angafunikire kuwonetseratu masomphenya nthawi zambiri.
Mayesero akumva
Kumva kutayika kuli kofala ndipo kulimbikira pakati pa akuluakulu a mibadwo yonse. Pamene kuyimva kumvetsera kuli mwaufulu, bungwe la American Speech - Language - Hearing limalimbikitsa kumva anthu akuyang'ana akuluakulu pakatha zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kwa akuluakulu ali ndi zaka 50 pamene kawirikawiri akumvetsera zojambula. Ali ndi zaka 50, mayesero akumva ayenera kuchitika zaka zitatu. Zoona zake n'zakuti anthu opitirira 30 peresenti oposa 65 ali ndi vuto lokumva, anthu 14 pa 100 alionse a zaka zapakati pa 45 mpaka 64 amamvanso kumva, ndipo anthu oposa 8 miliyoni pakati pa zaka 18 ndi 44 ali ndi vuto linalake lakumvetsera.
> Zotsatira:
> Chithandizo cha khansa ya chiberekero cha m'mimba; CDC; http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening/.
> Kutulukira koyambirira; National Foundation for Cancer Foundation; http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/early_detection/index.html.
> National Osteoporosis Foundation; http://www.nof.org.
> Kuthamanga Kwambiri Kwambiri; National Library of Medicine; http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highbloodpressure.html.
> Cholesterol - Mayeso; Mayesero a Lab; http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/cholesterol/test.html.
> Kuwunika kwa mtundu wa shuga 2; Genetic Health; http://www.genetichealth.com/DBTS_Screening_for_Type_2_Diabetes.shtml.
> Diso lalikulu la maso ndi masomphenya; National Guideline Clearinghouse ndi American Optometric Association; http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=8464&nbr=4725.
> Kutaya Kumva mwa Achikulire; Chilankhulo cha American - Chiyankhulo - Kumvetsera; http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/testing#zochitika.