Kugonjetsa Kwambiri Kungakhale Chifukwa cha Nthenda ya Neurologic
Kusagwedezeka kwa ubongo ndi chimodzi mwa zosamvetsetseka za vuto la kugona. Zingachititse kuti zizindikiro zikhale zolepheretsa kwambiri, kuyambira ku zowawa mwadzidzidzi zofooka mpaka kufooka zomwe zimatchedwa kuti chipata chomwe chimachititsa kugwa kwathunthu.
Ngakhale kuti ndizosowa, kodi vutoli ndi lotani? Pitirizani kumvetsetsa za matenda osokoneza bongo pofufuza zizindikiro, zifukwa, matenda, ndi chithandizo cha matendawa.
Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Kusagwedezeka Kwambiri
Matenda osokoneza bongo ndi matenda a ubongo omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asagone usana ndi zizindikiro zina chifukwa cholephera kulamulira tulo. Kulephera kumeneku kumabweretsa kusintha kosasunthika kuchokera ku dziko lina kupita kumalo ena. Izi zingachititse kuti modzidzimutsa kufooka ngakhale kukhala wogalamuka (wotchedwa cataplexy ) kapena ngakhale kufooka kwathunthu, monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira kuti zisawononge munthu kuti achite maloto ake. Tsoka ilo, izi zikachitika nthawi zosayenera zingadwalitse.
Kuwonjezera apo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lopweteka matendawa amatha kukhala ndi malingaliro amphamvu kwambiri pamene akusinthira ku tulo (zotchedwa hypnagogic hallucinations) momwe ubongo umapangidwira maloto pamene chipani cha narcoleptic chikhalabe maso.
Ngakhale mmodzi yekha mwa anthu atatu omwe ali ndi matendawa amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zonse zinayi, zizindikiro zinayi izi ndizosiyana ndi matendawa. Mankhwalawa samadziwika kuti akupezeka mu matenda ena aliwonse, kotero kupezeka kwake kumathandiza kwambiri pozindikira kuti vutoli ndilo chifukwa cha zizindikiro zina.
Kukula kwa Kusagwedezeka Kwambiri
Poyamba matenda odwala matenda osokoneza bongo anayamba kufotokozedwa ndi dokotala wa ku France dzina lake Jean Gelineau mu 1880. Tsopano akuganiza kuti zimakhudza pafupifupi 1 mwa anthu 2,000. Zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri zimayamba m'zaka zapakati pa makumi khumi kapena makumi awiri, koma nthawi zambiri sizingabwereke kwa ana kapena ngakhale okalamba. Zimakhudza amuna monga ambiri monga akazi.
Pakhoza kukhala kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu, monga sikunali zachilendo pakati pa Ayuda a Israeli (okhala ndi chiwerengero cha 0.002 peresenti) ndipo amapezeka kawirikawiri pakati pa a Japan (omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha 0.15 peresenti). Kafukufuku wa anthu 18,000 m'mayiko asanu a ku Ulaya anapeza kuchuluka kwa 0.047 peresenti.
Pakhoza kukhala ndi chigawo cha chibadwa ku matenda monga vuto lachilomboka lachilombo lomwe lingapezeke kwambiri pakati pa achibale a anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa. Komabe, chilengedwe chikuwoneka kuti chili ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri (ndi 25 peresenti ya mapasa ofanana onse adzakhala ndi matendawa).
Zifukwa Zopweteka
Zikuwoneka kuti matendawa amatha chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mankhwala a hypocretin m'dera la ubongo wotchedwa hypothalamus . Maselo a mitsempha (kapena neurons) mu ubongo omwe amadalira pa mankhwalawa amayenera kugona ndi kukhala maso. Malingaliro akuti chinyengo amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala olimba komanso kuti azikhala otsika kwambiri, choncho n'zomveka kuti kutayika kwake kungapangitse kufooketsa mwadzidzidzi komwe kumawonekeratu.
Zimaganiziridwa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi, chimene chimakhala cholimbana ndi matenda, chingathe kutsutsana ndi neurons ya hypocretin. M'zipatala zamaphunziro, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti 85 mpaka 95 peresenti ya neuroni izi zatayika.
Pamene maselowa awonongeka, palifupipafupi, kusintha kosayenera pakati pa kugona ndi kugalamuka.
Kudwala matenda osokoneza bongo kungayambitsenso ndi zilonda zochepa m'kati mwa ubongo zomwe zimabweretsa chifukwa cha zotupa, zilonda, kapena zina.
Kusanthula ndi Chithandizo cha Nthenda Yakuthambo
Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mukukumana ndi vutoli, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndi katswiri wogona. Pambuyo pofufuza ndi kufufuza mosamalitsa, mungafunikire kuti muyesedwe zina kuti muwone kuti mukudwala matenda osokoneza bongo . Kawirikawiri, mayeserowa adzaphatikizapo phunziro la kugona usiku wonse lomwe limatchedwa polysomnogram ndi phunziro tsiku lotsatira lotchedwa " multiple sleep latency test" (MSLT) .
Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala mayesero a ma laboratory (kuphatikizapo mayeso a majini). Ngati maphunziro anu ogona ndi olakwika koma pakadalibe kukayikakayika kokhala ndi vutoli, zingakhale zofunikira kuyesa cerebrospinal madzi anu mankhwala orexin (kapena hypocretin).
Palibe mankhwala ochizira matenda osokoneza bongo, koma mankhwala angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina. Kugonana kwapadera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kungachepetsedwe ndi zolimbikitsa monga Ritalin , Provigil, ndi Nuvigil . Mankhwala otchedwa Xyrem (sodium oxbate) angathe kuthandizira kwambiri kugona komanso kupweteka.
Ngati muli ndi vutoli, ndi bwino kuyang'anitsitsa njira zomwe mungasamalidwe ndi dokotala wanu kuti muwone kuti mankhwala oyenera amasankhidwa kuti athetse zizindikiro zanu.
Zotsatira
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. "Mayiko osiyanasiyana akusowa kugona: Buku lodziŵira ndi lolemba." 2d. 2005.
Culebras, A. "Zindikirani zodziwika bwino za matenda osokoneza bongo komanso zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo." Rev Neurol Dis 2005; 2 (4): 203-310.
Ohayon, MM, ndi al. "Kufala kwa chizindikiro cha matenda osokoneza bongo ndi matenda a anthu ambiri ku Ulaya." Neurology 2002; 58: 1826.
Okun, ML, et al. "Zipatala za matenda osokoneza bongo-amatha kudutsa mafuko." Kugona 2002; 25:27.
Thorpy, MJ "Wopanda chilema." Kupitiriza Kuphunzira Kwathunthu Neurol 2007; 13 (3): 101-114.