Zochita, Zotsatira Zachimake ndi Zochitika Zazikulu
Methylphenidate, yogulitsidwa pansi pa mayina a Ritalin, Methylin, Concerta, Quillivant ndi Daytrana, amadziwika ngati amphetamine. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo (ADHD) , komanso kugona kwapadera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku komwe kumagwirizanitsa ndi vutoli . Nthawi zina amalembedwa kuti azidwala matenda aakulu .
Ntchito
Methylphenidate ndizowonjezera mphamvu yapamwamba pakati pa mitsempha ya mitsempha.
Icho chimakhala ndi kuchenjeza, kugonanso kugona ndipo kungayambitsenso ntchito yobwerezabwereza. Zimathandiza kuganizira ndi kusonkhana ndipo zingachepetse kugona kwa usana. Zingakhalenso ndi zotsatira zotsitsimula. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi mavuto otsatirawa:
- ADHD
- Kusagwedezeka
- Matenda otopa nthawi zonse
- Kusokonezeka maganizo
Mutha kulamulidwa kupanga mankhwala oyenera kapena owonjezera. Izi zimasiyana mosiyana ndi momwe thupi limatengera nthawi yaitali, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana.
Momwe Ikugwirira Ntchito
Ritalin sakudziwika bwinobwino. Imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ziwalo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri za ubongo, norepinephrine ndi dopamine, mu ubongo. Odwala matendawa ndi mankhwala omwe amatumizira pakati pa maselo a mitsempha, otchedwa neurons. Ritalin amathandiza kuwonjezeka kwa msinkhuwu mwa kulepheretsa kuti iwo achoke komanso poonjezera kumasulidwa kwawo pakati pa neurons.
Ritalin amagwira ntchito m'magulu otchedwa striatum ndi oprontal cortexes, madera a ubongo omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri.
Zingathandizenso kugawidwa kwa chuma, kuphatikizapo shuga, kotero kuti ubongo ukhoza kugwira bwino ntchito.
Amene Saliyenera Kuligwiritsa Ntchito
Ritalin sakuvomerezedwa kwa ana osapitirira zaka 6. Sitiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe amatenga tricyclic mankhwala opatsirana pogonana komanso mavitamini a MAO, mankhwala awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda, choncho onetsetsani kuti wodwalayo akudziwa mankhwala onse omwe mukuwatenga.
Ritalin sangakhale woyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena, kuphatikizapo arrhythmias aakulu, matenda a mitsempha ya m'mimba, mavuto a mtima, chipsinjo chachikulu kapena chiwindi cha chiwindi. Kuonjezera apo, zikhoza kutsutsana ndi omwe ali ndi matenda a Tourette, kuwonongeka kwa chithokomiro, magalimoto, kugwedezeka ndi glaucoma .
Zotsatira Zotsatira
Pali zowonjezereka zotsatira za mankhwala alionse. Ngakhale kuti munthu sangayembekezere kukhala nawo onse, ndipo mwina sangakhale nawo, zina zomwe zingakhale zikuchitika ndizo:
- Mantha
- Kusagona
- Kuchepetsa kudya
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Kulemera kwa thupi ndi ntchito ya nthawi yaitali
- Kuthamanga kwa mtima mwamsanga
- Nausea
- Ma motchi
- Mutu
- Kuphatikizika kwa mtima
- Chizungulire
- Fever
- Rash
- Mikoko
- Kusokonezeka kwa nthawi yayitali
- Kugona
- Kusinthasintha kosazolowereka
- Kupweteka pachifuwa
- Kupanikizika kwa magazi kumasintha
- Kusokonezeka koonekera
Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala alionse, palinso zoopsa za zotsatira zoyipa. Izi zimachitika mobwerezabwereza, koma zingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kudalira kapena kuzunza
- Psychosis
- Mania
- Chiwawa
- Matenda a Tourette (osawerengeka)
- Zosasinthasintha za mtima
- Matenda amtima
- Sitiroko
- Imfa yadzidzidzi
- Kugonjetsa
- Kukula kwachikulire ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali
- Zosokonezeka
- Kuchotsa mimba
- Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi
- Matenda osokoneza bongo
- Kutupa kwa mitsempha ya ubongo
Zitetezo za chitetezo
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Ritalin pa nthawi ya mimba kuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala, poyeza kuti chiwopsezo cha fetus chikhoza kuperekedwa pothandiza amayi. Chenjezo limalangizidwa ndi lactation monga chitetezo cha ichi sichidziwika.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ziwalo za mtima, vuto loyamba la mtima liyenera kuchitidwa kuphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuyeza kwa mtima musanayambe kumwa mankhwala, kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo, ndi nthawi panthawi ya chithandizo.
Pakati pa odwala, kutalika ndi kulemera ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pamene mankhwala akuyamba komanso nthawi zina. Ntchito yowonjezera magazi ingasonyezedwe ndikutsata mwatsatanetsatane ndi wothandizira zachipatala ndikofunikira.
Zotsatira:
"Methylphenidate." Epocrates Rx. Version 1.127, 2008. Epocrates, Inc. San Mateo, California.
Katzung, BG Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. Mkonzi wa 9, 2004. 134-140. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York.
"Methylphenidate." MedLine Plus, US National Library of Medicine (2016).