Kuwonjezera pa khunyu, valproate nayenso amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zina zamankhwala. Amavomerezedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito popeweratu mutu, kupeweratu zizindikiro za manic, komanso kuyang'anira matenda osokoneza bipolar.
Zaphunziranso ndipo zatsimikiziridwa kukhala zothandiza pothandizira kupwetekedwa kwa mutu wa mutu, kupweteka, schizophrenia, ndi ululu wa m'mimba, ngakhale kuti sivomerezedwa kuti izi zitheke.
Tiyeni tione zomwe zimachitika pakupewa chitetezo.
Njira yogwira ntchito
Zimakhulupirira kuti valproate imalepheretsa kugwidwa mwa kulepheretsa kuchita mantha kwambiri mu ubongo. Zenizeni zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kugwidwa sizingamvetsetse ngakhale.
- Njira zowonjezera: Njira imodzi yomwe valproate ingagwiritsire ntchito ndi kuletsa njira za sodium. Njirazi zimalola kuti ma neuroni azilankhulana. Kuchepetsa kusagwira ntchito kungathandize kuchepetsa ntchito yolakwika ya ubongo yomwe imapangitsa kugwidwa.
- GABA: Valproate ingathandizenso ntchito ya GABA. GABA ndi mankhwala osokoneza ubongo, ndipo kuwonjezereka kwa ntchitoyo kungathandize kuchepetsa ntchito zina zosachita bwino mu ubongo zomwe zimayambitsa kugwedezeka.
- NMDA receptors: Zotsatira za valproate pa gawo lino la glutamate receptors zingachititse kusintha kwa zotsatira za glutamate, neurotransmitter mu ubongo. Izi zikhonza kuthandizira kupewa katemera.
Valproate ndi mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kugunda, matenda osokonezeka maganizo, ndi kupewa mutu wa migraine.
Mapangidwe
Pali maulendo angapo omveka komanso omveka bwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa ndi kuteteza kugwedezeka.
- Valproic acid: Depakene imapezeka mu kapsule kapena mawonekedwe a madzi. Stavzor imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a capsule.
- Divalproex sodium: Depakote ilipo piritsi kapena kuwaza mawonekedwe.
- Valproate sodium: Depacon ndizolemba (IV). Chifukwa chakuti wapatsidwa IV, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazidzidzidzi, kuti asiye matenda a khunyu (kupuma kapena kupitirira mosalekeza komwe sikungoyima okha), kapena ngati munthu wodwala khunyu sangathe kutenga madzi, mapiritsi, kapena kuwaza mafomu pakamwa pake .
Kawirikawiri, mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga valproate amatengedwa kawiri kapena kanayi patsiku kuti akhalebe ndi mphamvu zoyendetsa bwino, ngakhale pali anthu ena omwe angathe kuthana ndi vutoli kamodzi pa tsiku. Kusunga mankhwala a anti-seizure nthawi zonse ndikutenga nthawi yomweyo tsiku ndi tsiku ndilofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale osasunthika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mutetezedwe.
Maonekedwe osiyanasiyana a valproate angagwiritsidwe ntchito payekha kapena osakaniza mankhwala ena oletsa kupweteka. Kusakaniza mankhwala kungasankhidwe pamene mankhwala amodzi okha sangathe kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa mlingo wokhazikika. Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito oposa anticonvulsant imodzi, zotsatira zina zomwe zimakhala zofala pakati pa anticonvulsants ambiri , monga kugona, kugona, ndi chizungulire.
Mitundu Yopweteka Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito
Valproate, mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi yodalirika kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ambiri oletsa kupweteka. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewera mitundu ingapo ya kugwa, kuphatikizapo:
- Zokwanira za tonic-clonic: Izi ndizogwedeza zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso ndi kusuntha kwa thupi. Nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti akudwala kwambiri .
- Kusagonjetsa: Izi zimagwidwa ndi kufooka kwa chidziwitso popanda kugwedezeka kapena kusunthika mwamphamvu, nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kuchepa kochepa. Kulephera kugwidwa kumaphatikizidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kowoneka kowoneka bwino, monga khungu la eyelid likugwedezeka, kapena palibe kayendetsedwe kodzidzimutsa konse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu omwe amatha kusokonezeka nthawi zambiri amatha kusunga malo monga kukhala kapena kuima popanda kugwa.
Kuthamanga kwa myoclonic: Kugonjetsedwa kumeneku kumadziwika ndi kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe kake, kapena popanda kuwonongeka kwa chidziwitso. Kuthamanga kwa myoclonic kumatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala angapo, kuphatikizapo valproate. Komabe palinso mankhwala ena omwe angawononge myoclonic seizures.
Contraindications
Valproate, komanso mankhwala ena oletsa kupweteka, akhoza kuyanjana powaphatikiza ndi mowa kapena mankhwala osangalatsa. Mukagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kumwa mowa kungawononge zotsatira zake, zingayambitsenso poizoni ngakhale kuti ndizovuta, ndipo zingayambitse mavuto aakulu, kuphatikizapo kugunda.
Pali zifukwa zambiri za thanzi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zotsatira zoyipa kapena poizoni pamene mutenga valproate. Zowonjezereka ndizo:
- Matenda a chiwindi
- Matenda odzola / mapiritsi apansi
- Mimba
Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu angaganize kuti ndibwino kwambiri kuti mutenge valproate ngakhale mutakhala ndi pakati kapena ngati muli ndi zina zotsutsana nazo. Ngati ndi choncho, mungafunike kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane kuti muwone zotsatira za mavuto alionse.
Mwachitsanzo, amayi ena omwe ali ndi mimba angafunikire kukhala otetezedwa kuti asatope. Zokhumudwitsa zingathe kuvulaza mayi kapena mwana amene akukula. Zowopsa ndi zopindulitsa za zochitika zovuta zachipatala zimayang'aniridwa mosamala ndi gulu lachipatala kuti akwaniritse zotsatira.
Zotsatira Zotsatira
Mofanana ndi mankhwala onse, valproate ikhoza kubweretsa mavuto. Zotsatira zofala kwambiri za valproate zikuphatikizapo:
- Chizungulire
- Kugona
- Masomphenya awiri
- Kutaya tsitsi
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Kulemera kwalemera
- Kudula kapena kutuluka magazi
Mphungu : Kuthamanga kuli kosavomerezeka koma kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Mankhwala angapo oletsa kugunda angayambitse vuto lalikulu lomwe limayambira ndi kuthamanga. Ngakhale kuti valproate si imodzi mwa mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zowopsya, zafotokozedwa.
Kawirikawiri, mungaganize kuti kuchepa pang'ono kungokhala vuto lovuta. Koma chifukwa cha mavuto aakulu omwe angathe kukhalapo, ndikofunikira kuti muwuze dokotala wanu ngati mukukonzekera mwatsopano pamene mutenga valproate.
Matenda a Polycystic ovary (PCOS): Chiyanjano pakati pa ntchito ya valproate ndi PCOS chakhala chikudziwika kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka akazi omwe ali ndi khunyu omwe amatenga valproate. Koma mgwirizano womveka sunakhazikitsidwe. Ngati ndinu mkazi wotenga valproate, nthawi zambiri mumalimbikitsidwa kuti muzisunga nthawi zonse ndi mayi wamayi, amene ayenera kudziwitsidwa kuti mutenga kapena mutenga valproate.
Toxicity
Kachilombo koyambitsa mankhwala ndi kosiyana ndi zotsatira za mankhwala. Kachilombo kamakhalapo pamene mlingo wa mankhwala kapena kutsekula m'thupi ndi wapamwamba kusiyana ndi kukonzedwa. Zotsatira zake ndi zotsatira zoipa zomwe zimachitika pa mlingo woyenera.
Zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaphatikizapo mlingo woyenerera, kupitirira mwamwayi mwangozi, kapena kupitirira malire. Matenda omwe ali ndi kagayidwe kake kamene angayambitsenso mankhwalawa amachititsanso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Vuto la Valproate lingayambitse:
- Chizungulire
- Kusokonezeka
- Kutaya malire
- Hypothermia (kutentha kwa thupi)
- Hyperthermia (kutentha kwakukulu kwa thupi)
- Kutaya chidziwitso
- Kukukwa kwa mtima kofulumira
- Kupweteka kosavuta
- Imfa
Vuto la Valproate ndi ladzidzidzi lachipatala ndipo ngati likupezeka m'kupita kwanthawi, limatha kuchepetsa zotsatira za nthawi yaitali.
Kuyesedwa kwa Magazi
Magazi a valproate amatha kuyesa kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi ndondomeko yomwe imakhala yothandizira. Ngakhale kuti mlingo wanu wamagazi sungakhale wofanana ndi wina aliyense, mndandanda wa malingaliro abwino ndi othandiza kudziwitsa ngati msinkhu wanu wasintha, ngati mwapeza mlingo wokwanira wa magazi, komanso kuti muzindikire kuopsa kwa poizoni.
Kutaya nthawi
Mofanana ndi mankhwala onse oletsa kugwidwa, kuima mwadzidzidzi kungayambitse kukhumudwa kapena mavuto ena. Ngati mutasiya kumwa valproate, onetsetsani kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu poyamba, amene angalowe m'malo mwake ndi mankhwala ena oletsa kupweteka kapena akukulangizani panthawi yomwe mukuchepetsera mlingo wanu.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala a valproate, zingakhale zothandiza poyang'anira matenda anu. Valproate ndi mankhwala omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kugwidwa. Zotsatira zake, zotsatira zake, ndi poizoni zimamveka bwino.
Kawirikawiri, pamafunika masabata angapo kuti mankhwala oletsa kugwiritsira ntchito asamangidwe bwino. Panthawi imeneyo, inu ndi gulu lanu lachipatala mungathe kuweruza ngati simukuthandizani kuchepetsa kupweteka kwanu.
Mungathe kudziwa ngati mungathe kulekerera zotsatira za valproate m'kanthawi kochepa mutayamba kumwa mankhwala. Ndizothandiza kuti mudziwe bwino zotsatira za mankhwala anu kuti mutha kuzizindikira mwamsanga.
Onetsetsani kuti mupitirize kuyankhulana ndi gulu lanu lachipatala ponena za vuto lililonse la kugwa kapena mankhwala. Mukatero mudzatha kulandira chithandizo chokwanira chokwanira ngati dokotala wanu angathe kusintha kusintha kwa mankhwala anu.
> Zotsatira:
> Bilo L, Meo R. Polycystic ovary syndrome mwa amayi ogwiritsa ntchito valproate: ndemanga. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2008; 24 (10): 562-70. lembani: 10.1080 / 09513590802288259.
> Utsogoleri wa US Food and Drug Administration. Information ya Valproate.