Kuyamba pang'ono koma tsopano kupita patsogolo kwakukulu ndi chiyembekezo
Inu aliyense muli ndi nkhani yanu yeniyeni momwe MS yatsegulira njira yake kumoyo wanu kapena wokondedwa wanu ndi momwe izi zakhudzira maubwenzi anu, zikhulupiliro, ndi moyo wanu. Multiple sclerosis imakhalanso ndi nthano yake yomwe-yomwe imakhutitsidwa ngati zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa ndipo chisokonezo chimaphatikizapo miyoyo yathu.
Pogawana nkhani ya multiple sclerosis, mungathe kuzindikira kuti tafika pati kumvetsetsa matenda ovuta-makamaka zaka 20 zapitazo-ndipo ngakhale kukupatsani chiyembekezo cha zomwe zingakhalepo.
Nkhani Zakale za Zozizwitsa Zambiri Zokwanira
Imodzi mwa malemba oyambirira olembedwa a multiple sclerosis inalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'mabuku a Vatican m'zaka za m'ma 1400. M'nkhaniyi, zizindikiro za Saint Ludwina wa Schiedam zidatchulidwa atatha kugwa pa skating ali ndi zaka 16.
Anachepa pang'ono pa kugwa koma anapitirizabe kukhala ndi zofooka za mimba, mavuto a masomphenya, ndi kusowa malire. Chochititsa chidwi, wansembe wake wa parisite adanena kuti matendawa adachokera kwa Mulungu, choncho Woyera Ludwina adapanga ntchito yake kuti athe kupirira zizindikiro chifukwa cha ena.
Pafupifupi zaka 300 pambuyo pake, kufotokozedwa kwapadera kwa MS kunapezeka m'buku la Sir Augustus Frederick d'Este, mdzukulu wa King George III wa ku England. Iye analemba za njira yowonongeka mobwerezabwereza yomwe inachititsa kuti asamagwire ntchito monga matenda a masomphenya (amakhulupirira kuti ndi optic neuritis ), masomphenya awiri, kufooka kwa mwendo, ndi mavuto a m'mimba ndi chikhodzodzo.
Kenaka adalongosola njira yowonjezera ya matenda, yomwe pamapeto pake inamusiya bedi-womangidwa mpaka imfa yake mu 1848 ali ndi zaka 54.
Mu 1824, ndondomeko yoyamba yamakono ya MS inalembedwa ndi Dr. Charles-Prosper Ollivier d'Angers. M'kalata yake, adafotokoza mnyamata wina wa zaka 17 yemwe anali ndi mavuto omwe ankayenda nawo komanso omwe anali ndi chikhodzodzo chomwe chinaipiraipira pofika ku spa yotentha yomwe tsopano imadziwika kuti Uhthoff .
Multiple Sclerosis Ndi Matenda Osiyana
Mu 1868, Jean-Martin Charcot, katswiri wa zamagulu a ku Paris, anaphunzira mtsikana wina wamantha, mawu osalankhula, ndi kayendedwe ka maso kosaneneka (kotchedwa nystagmus ). Mkazi uyu atamwalira, adafufuza ubongo wake pa autopsy ndipo anafotokoza " plaques " ya multiple sclerosis, yomwe imatchedwanso mabala kapena zilonda.
Kenaka, mu zokambirana zambiri, Charcot imatanthauzira ndi kufotokozera ziwalo zambiri za sclerosis ndi sayansi yotsatira-momwe myelin yomwe ili pafupi ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha yawonongeka. Komabe, adadabwa ndi "chifukwa" kumbuyo kwa MS kapena momwe angachigwiritsire ntchito.
Tsopano tikudziwa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa myelin mu MS. Komabe, panthaŵi ya Charcot, anthu samadziwa MS anali matenda opatsirana pogonana kapena kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chinalipobe.
Ngakhale kuti asayansi ndi madokotala anadabwa ndi MS, idali chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kuti ndi matenda osiyana mu 1878. Panthawiyi, asayansi anayamba kuzindikira makhalidwe ambiri a MS omwe ndizofunika lero, monga:
- MS imapezeka kwambiri mwa amayi kuposa amuna.
- MS ndi matenda osiyanasiyana (kutanthauza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi MS ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana).
- Chilengedwe (kuphatikizapo majini) chimathandiza kuti munthu asapange MS kapena ayi.
- MS ndi yofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amakhala kumtunda wa kumpoto.
Ngakhale kuti kupita patsogolo kumapangidwira kumvetsetsa bwino MS, kunalibe kusowa patsogolo pochiza MS. Ndipotu, mungadabwe kuphunzira za njira zina zochiritsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa anthu omwe ali ndi MS (zomwe sizinagwire ntchito):
- kulola magazi
- zopweteka kumkachisi
- chakudya cha nyama
- arsenic
- kuyambitsa magetsi
- jekeseni wa golidi ndi siliva
MS ya Zanyama Zimapezeka
Kulephera kwa mankhwala ochiritsira a MS kunkawoneka kuti kumalimbikitsa asayansi ndi kufufuza pa MS anapitirizabe kusintha. Kenaka Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases (ARNMD) inakhazikitsidwa mu 1921, kulola malingaliro ndi kufufuza pa MS kuti ziphatikizidwe ndi kulimbikitsidwa kuyambira zaka 50 zapitazo.
Kupeza kwakukulu kunachitika mu 1935 pamene Dr. Thomas Rivers ku New York City adapeza mtundu wa MS, wotchedwa experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Anachita izi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a myelin ndikuyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ku myelin ya nyama.
Mchitidwe wa EAE tsopano ndi mwala waukulu wapangodya mu kufufuza kwa MS. Ndipotu, mankhwala amayamba kuyesedwa ku EAE asanayesedwe kwa anthu. Chitsanzo cha zinyama ichi chinatsimikiziranso kuti MS ndi matenda omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha mthupi-ngakhale kugwirizana uku sikungapangidwe kufikira zaka za m'ma 1950s.
Ufulu ndi Kafukufuku mu Multiple Sclerosis
Mu 1945, mayi wina dzina lake Sylvia Lawry anaika chilolezo ku New York Times (mchimwene wake Benjamini anali ndi MS) akuti "Multiple sclerosis: kodi aliyense amene adachirapo atha kulankhulana ndi wodwalayo."
Yankho lalikulu la mayankho linamulimbikitsa kuyamba bungwe la atsogoleri khumi ndi anayi odziwa za ubongo ndi anzawo ena omwe amatchedwa National MS Society. Ntchito ya Lawry inagwirizanitsidwa ndi National MS Society ndipo inachititsa kuti bungwe la National Institute of Neurological Disorders ndi Stroke likhazikitsidwe mu 1950.
Pogwiritsa ntchito magulu otchukawa, kufufuza pa MS kunakula. Nazi zotsatira zofufuzidwa ndi maganizo zomwe zinasintha pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900:
- zolemba za myelin ndi zomwe zimawathandiza kukhala ndi zizindikiro za mitsempha
- mgwirizano pakati pa mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha munthu ndi ubongo wawo ndi msana (ndipo MS anali matenda opatsirana ndi chitetezo)
- Kupezeka kwa magulu a oligoclonal mumsana wam'mimba mwa anthu omwe ali ndi MS
- lingaliro lakuti kachilombo kangayambitse kapena kutenga nawo mbali pa chitukuko cha MS
- kutulukira kwa majini ogwirizana ndi MS
- kutchulidwa kwa malangizo kuti mudziwe MS
Komabe, panthawiyi, mankhwala a MS sanaphunzire sayansi, kutanthauza kuti adachokera ku lingaliro osati data kuchokera ku maphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri ambiri panthawiyo ankakhulupirira kuti MS imachokera ku vuto la chotengera cha magazi, choncho anthu omwe ali ndi MS amathandizidwa ndi ochepa magazi.
Phunziro Loyamba la MS Scientific Study
Pomaliza, mu 1969, phunziro loyamba loyendetsedwa pa anthu omwe ali ndi MS linatsirizidwa. Mu phunziroli, ophunzira omwe ali ndi zovuta zambiri zobwezeretsa MS analandira ACTH kapena placebo. ACTH ndi hormone yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi chidziwitso cha pituitary (chikopa chapafupi mu ubongo). Zimayambitsa kupanga ma steroid, omwe amathandiza kuti chitetezo cha munthu chitetezedwe
Zotsatira zinawulula kuti gulu lomwe analandira ACTH ndi iwo omwe adalandira malobowa anachiritsidwa mofulumira ku MS. Phunziroli linali lofunika kwambiri powulula kuti steroids ikhoza kuchepetsa kutupa kwa MS kachiwiri . Izi zikutanthauza kuti steroids sizengereza kuchepa kwa MS.
Kujambula kwa Multiple Sclerosis
Zida zogwiritsa ntchito posakhalitsa zinapangitsa kuti madokotala aziwona bwino ntchito ya matenda a MS. Izi zinaphatikizapo kuunika kwa CAT koyamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ndikutsatiridwa ndi zotsatira , ndipo potsiriza, MRIs imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yoyamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndikuganiza kuti ubongo wa munthu ali ndi MS. Zipangizo zamakono za MRI zakhala zikusintha kwambiri ndipo zasintha kwambiri matenda a MS komanso kudziwa momwe munthu akuyankhira mankhwala.
Kuchiza kwa Multiple Sclerosis
Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa mafano kunabwera maphunziro pa mankhwala a MS. Mankhwalawa, omwe amadziwika kuti mankhwala othandizira matenda , apezeka kuti achepetse chiwerengero ndi kuuma kwa MS kachiwiri-ngakhale kuti sachiza MS kapena kupeŵa zizindikiro zosalekeza monga kutopa kapena mavuto omwe amayamba kawirikawiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi MS. Mankhwala oterewa ndi awa:
- Mankhwala oyambitsa matenda opatsirana, omwe amatchedwa Betaseron (interferon beta-1b), adavomerezedwa mu 1993. Anatsatiridwa ndi Avonex (interferon beta-1a), Rebif (interferon beta-1a), ndi Copaxone (acetate acetate).
- Mu 2006, oyamba adalandira chithandizo cha MS chomwe chimatchedwa Tysabri (natalizumab) .
- Mu 2010, mankhwala opatsirana oyamba a MS adavomerezedwa, otchedwa Gilenya (fingolimod), omwe amapereka mwayi kwa anthu omwe sangalekerere mankhwala omwe amayenera kuwajambulidwa kapena anthu omwe MS omwe adapitirizira kuwonjezereka ngakhale mankhwala opatsirana.
- Izi zinkatsatiridwa ndi mankhwala ena awiri, Aubagio (teriflunomide) mu 2012 ndi Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) mu 2013.
- Mu 2014, wina adayambitsa mankhwala omwe amachititsa matenda omwe amatchedwa Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) omwe anavomerezedwa kwa anthu omwe sankatha kulandira mankhwala awiri kapena kuposa ena.
- Mu 2016, Zinbryta (daclizumab), mankhwala ena opatsirana anavomerezedwa.
- Mu 2017, Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) inavomerezedwa kuti asamangogwiritsanso ntchito mawonekedwe a MS komanso machitidwe apamwamba a MS-mankhwala oyamba a MS kuti achite izi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa.
Tsogolo la Mipiringi Yambiri
Tsogolo la MS likuwoneka bwino, monga akatswiri akupitiliza kuyesa chidziwitso chawo ndikufutukula malingaliro awo a kafukufuku. Malo amodzi ofufukira omwe akuchitika pakali pano ndi kuphunzira za myelin kukonzanso. Ngakhale kuti zaka 40 zapitazi zathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezedwe komanso momwe mvula yanga imalepheretsedwera, akatswiri tsopano akuyang'ana momwe ubongo ungabweretsere myelin pokhapokha atawonongeka-malingaliro enieni a machiritso.
Zina mwa zosangalatsa zomwe zimachitika pa kafukufuku ndizofunikira pa zakudya, matumbo a mabakiteriya, vitamini D, ndi kusintha kwa majini ku MS. Komanso kuganiziridwa ndi momwe mankhwala othandizira, monga yoga, angathandizire munthu kuyendetsa bwino zizindikiro zake.
Pomalizira, akatswiri apeza njira zothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi MS kukhala moyo wabwino kwambiri. Kuchokera kuchipatala chomwe chimathandiza anthu kulimbitsa minofu pambuyo pobwezeretsa mapulogalamu omwe amathandiza anthu kuthana ndi kutopa kwa MS , anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi MS ndi okondedwa awo amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndi matendawa-chinthu chochititsa chidwi chokha.
Mawu Ochokera
Nkhani ya MS idzapitirira, monga njira yopotoka, yokhotakhota yakumvetsetsa matenda ovutawa ndi zochitika zake zonse ndi zinsinsi zikupitirirabe. Koma kupita patsogolo komwe kwachitika zaka 20 zapitazo ndi kwakukulu. Ndipo ndizomwezo, pali chiyembekezo-omwe amakhala ndi MS tsiku ndi tsiku ndi omwe akudziwa kuti chithandizo chidzafika tsiku limodzi, osati kwa ife, kusiyana ndi omwe akutitsatira.
> Zotsatira:
> Birnbaum, MD George. 2013. Multiple Sclerosis: Buku la Clinician Guide of diagnosis and Treatment, Edition 2. New York, New York. Oxford University Press.
> Murray TJ. Mbiri ya multiple sclerosis: kusintha kwa matendawa kwa zaka zambiri. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Feb 1; 277 Suppl 1: S3-8.
> National MS Society. 2016. Mankhwala Othandiza Kusintha kwa MS .
> Rolak LA. 2016. National MS Society: Mbiri ya MS: Mfundo Zenizeni.
> Rolak LA. MS: Mfundo Zofunikira. Clin Med Res . 2003; 1 (1): 61-62.