Kusanthula multiple sclerosis (MS) ndi kovuta komanso kovuta, makamaka chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro za MS zimakhala zosiyana kwa wina aliyense, ndipo amatha kutsanzira matenda ena ambiri. Kuonjezera apo, palibe mayeso amodzi a magazi, kuyezetsa thupi, kapena kuganizira zofufuza za MS.
Masiku ano, akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo amagwiritsa ntchito McDonald Criteria kuti apeze MS. Mndandanda uwu wa ndondomeko unakonzedwanso mu 2010 kuti uphatikize ma MRIs mu ndondomeko ya matenda.
Nkhani yabwino yokhudzana ndi izi ndi yakuti anthu omwe ali ndi MS tsopano akudziwika kale-izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu akhoza kuyamba mankhwala kale ndipo akhoza kuchepetsa matenda awo.
Zolinga za McDonald zozindikiritsa MS
Milandu ya McDonald imayang'anitsitsa kupezeka kwa MS kachiwiri, komwe kumatchedwanso kuthamanga, moto, zovuta, kapena zovuta.
Kubwezeretsa kwa MS kumatanthawuza chinthu chodziwika bwino chokhudza mitsempha kapena matenda osokoneza ubongo omwe amawonedwa pa kuunika kwa thupi. Zosaoneka bwino za ubongozi ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi matenda a MS m'katikati mwa mitsempha ya ubongo, yomwe ili ubongo, msana, ndi mitsempha ya optic. Izi ndi zomwe katswiri wanu wamagulu adzadziwa.
Malingaliro a McDonald, kuti apeze kuti ali ndi MS, payenera kukhala umboni wa kubwezeretsedwa kwa MS komwe kunachitika m'madera awiri osiyana kwambiri a mitsempha yamkati. Kuonjezera apo, ma MS awa amabwereranso pa nthawi ya mwezi.
Kudziwa kwa MS kungapangidwe kuchipatala, kutanthawuza mopyolera mwa zizindikiro za munthu, ngakhale kuti kubwerera kwawo kwachitika kale-ngakhale kuti izi zikhoza kungokhala kubwereza, zina ziyenera kukhala zatsopano. Komanso, chimodzi mwazobwezeretsa kwawo chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku wamaganizo, zowonongeka zooneka, kapena MRI.
Momwemonso, matendawa angapangidwe mwa kuphatikiza kwa zofufuza zachipatala ndi umboni wa MS lesion pa MRI. Ngakhale munthu atakwaniritsa zovomerezeka za McDonald, akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo amachitanso mayeso ena monga ntchito yamagazi, kutuluka kwa magazi, ndi zochitika zomwe zimawoneka kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zimapezeka ndi matenda omwe angafanane ndi MS .
Mwa kulankhula kwina, katswiri wa zamaganizo amafuna kutsimikiza kuti akupanga matenda oyenerera komanso kuti palibe njira ina yowonjezera-ndizomveka, molondola? Chinthu chotsiriza chomwe mukufuna kuti chipezeke ndi MS pamene mulibe. Kotero katswiri wa zamaganizo amafuna kukhala otsimikiza, ndipo ife tiri okondwa chifukwa cha izo, ngakhale zikutanthauza mayesero ambiri.
Zomwe Zimaganiziridwa ndi Njira Zomwe Zimagwiritsira Ntchito Kufufuza MS
Pano pali kuyang'anitsitsa bwino zomwe zipangizo zomwe dokotala angagwiritse ntchito pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito MS komanso kutulukira njira zina zowunikira:
Mbiri Za Zamankhwala
Dokotala adzafunsa mafunso angapo za zizindikiro zomwe mukukumana nazo komanso zomwe munakumanapo kale. Ndilo lingaliro loyenera kupanga "chizindikiro cha chizindikiro" musanawone dokotala, ndikulemba chizindikiro cha mtundu uliwonse wa zizindikiro zomwe mwakhala nazo kale, utali wotani, ndi zina zambiri za izo. Onetsetsani kulembetsa zizindikiro zonse, ngakhale madokotala apitalo atakuuzani kuti palibe cholakwika.
Kuonjezerapo, tengani zina zonse zachipatala pamodzi, kuphatikizapo mankhwala omwe mumakhala nawo, ndi zotsatira za mayesero omwe mwakhala nawo kale.
Mudzafunsidwa mafunso angapo okhudza mbiri yachipatala ya achibale, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mowa, komanso zina zomwe zisanachitike. Zonsezi zidzakuthandizani chidutswa cha khunyu pamodzi ndi chithunzi chothandizira kudziwa ngati MS ndiwotheka kugonana.
Kufufuza kwa Neurological
Dokotalayo ayesa zotsatirazi:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mitsempha yambiri (izi zimalamulira mphamvu, komanso momwe mumalankhulira ndi kumeza)
- Kukonzekera
- Mphamvu
- Maganizo
- Kutengeka
Adzachita izi pochita ntchito (monga kukhudza mphuno, kenako chala chake motsatira), kukukhudzani ndi zida zosiyanasiyana (ndikukuuzani zowawa kapena kuyang'ana yankho lokha) ndikupenda maso anu. Dziwani kuti mayeserowa samapweteka. Chiyeso chonsecho chikhoza kukhala pafupi mphindi 45 koma chingakhale ngati maola awiri.
Maginito Resonance Imaging (MRI) Sakanizani
MRIs amagwiritsa ntchito maginito mafunde kuti apange zithunzi za ubongo ndi msana. Ngati MS akudandaula, jekeseni wapadera (gadolinium) imakhala nthawi ya kusinthana, pamene imayambira kumadera otupa ndipo "imawunika" pamene mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kutaya thupi kukuchitika pakali pano kapena mkati mwa masabata angapo apitawo.
MRI siipweteka, koma izi zingakhale zodabwitsa. Zimakuthandizani ngati mukudziwa zomwe mungayembekezere pamayesero awa. Palinso zina zomwe mungachite kuti chidziwitso chanu chikhale bwino .
Monga tafotokozera, izi zimayesedwa kuti ndi mayeso abwino kwambiri owona kuti ali ndi MS, monga zilonda zosadziwika zikuwonekera pa ma MRIs pa zoposa 95 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi MS. Komabe, 5 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi MS alibe zovuta zomwe zingawoneke pa MRI (kupanga zoipa), ndipo kuwonongeka kwa zaka zina kapena zina, monga migraine kapena vuto la ubongo, zimawoneka ngati MS zilonda (kubweretsa zabodza) zabwino).
Lumbar Puncture
Mutuwu umatchedwanso kuti " spinal tap" . Izi zimafuna kuti pangakhale kachilombo kakang'ono kake (CSF). Dokotala atumiza madziwo kuti ayambe kufufuza, kuyang'ana kupezeka kwa magulu a oligoclonal (kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies ena) - chisonyezero cha kuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi mumtsempha wamtsempha.
Mayesowa ndi othandiza kwa 90 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi MS koma sali enieni kwa MS, choncho zotsatira zabwino zingasonyeze matenda ena kapena matenda. Malinga ndi zotsatira zochokera ku MRI, kufufuza kwa ubongo, ndi mbiri ya chidziwitso, n'zotheka kuti musayambe kupeza mpata kuti mupeze chitsimikizo cha MS (ine sindinali). Komabe, zotsatira zowonongeka zingakhale zothandiza pakulamulira zinthu zina ngati pangakhalebe funso lokhudza matenda.
Kuyesedwa Kowonongeka Kwambiri
Mitundu itatu yayikulu yotsutsa mayesero angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda a MS. Chimodzi mwa mayeserowa amafunika kuti ma electrodes amangirire ku khutu lanu ndipo amagwirizanitsa ndi electroencephalograph (EEG) kuti alembe maubongo opanga malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Mayesero osiyanasiyana ndi awa:
- Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP): Mndandanda wa makoswe amasewera m'makutu mwa makutu.
- Zochitika Zowonongeka Zowonongeka (VEP): Mndandanda wa ma checkboardboard amawonetsedwa pawindo.
- Zowonongeka Zowonongeka (SEP): Kusokonezeka kwamagetsi kumaperekedwa kwa mkono kapena mwendo.
Dokotala akuyang'ana kukula kwa momwe akuyankhira ndi liwiro limene ubongo umalandira chizindikiro. Weaker kapena zizindikiro zochepa zingasonyeze kuti kuwonongeka kwachitika ndipo MS ndizotheka. Komabe, mayesowa samadziwikiratu kwa MS, kutanthauza kuti zolakwika zikhoza kusonyeza vuto lina. Mndandanda wa mayesero atatu akhoza kutenga maola awiri kuti amalize.
Mayesero a Magazi
Pakalipano palibe kuyesa magazi kwa MS. Komabe, mayesero angapo adzayendetsa magazi anu kuti athetse zinthu zina monga matenda a Lyme , kachilombo ka HIV, matenda ena omwe sapezeka ndi majeremusi, ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a collagen, monga lupus.
Mawu Ochokera
MS ingakhale matenda ovuta kuti azindikire bwinobwino, ndipo njirayo imafuna kuleza mtima. Ndichofunika kwambiri kupeza katswiri wamaganizo amene mumamva bwino ndi kukhala ndi chidaliro mu ntchito yanu. Pambuyo pake, ngati muli ndi MS, munthuyu angakhale wokondedwa wanu kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zotsatira
National MS Society. Kusanthula MS.
Polman, CH, ndi al. (2011). Njira yowonongeka ya multiple sclerosis: 2010 yotsatiridwa ndi McDonald. Annals of Neurology , Feb; 69 (2): 292-302.