Kuchiza Gland Wosakaniza Kapena Wosakanikirana
Pali mankhwala ambiri a chithokomiro omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu otchedwa endocrinology , omwe amachiza matenda omwe ali ndi mavitamini ndi mahomoni. Mankhwalawa akhoza kusweka kwambiri ndi momwe iwo akufunira kuti azichitira:
- Hypyothyroidism , imene chithokomiro sichitha kutulutsa mahomoni otere
- Hyperthyroidism , kumene chithokomiro chimatulutsa mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro
Thanzi la chithokomiro ndi chiwalo chooneka ngati butterfly chomwe chili pansi pa khosi kutsogolo kwa mphepo. Udindo wa chithokomiro ndi kutulutsa mahomoni thyroxine (T4) ndi triiodothyronine (T3) omwe amalamulira chirichonse kuchokera ku chiwindi cha mtima ndi kutentha kwa thupi mpaka kupuma kwa mkazi ndi kusamba kwa mkazi. Zosayenerera zirizonse pakupanga T3 kapenaT4 zingayambitse zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kayendedwe kamodzi kapena zingapo ndipo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kuchokera ku zofewa mpaka zofooketsa.
Khansara ya chithokomiro, mosiyana, ndiyo nthenda 11 yowopsa kwambiri ya khansa ku US, yomwe imakhudza anthu oposa 55,000 a ku America ndipo imapha anthu oposa 2,000 pachaka, malinga ndi lipoti la American Cancer Society.
Mankhwala Oyenera Kutengera Hypothyroidism
Mankhwala othandizira mankhwala a chithokomiro amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a hypothyroidism. Amagwiritsira ntchito m'malo mwa mavitamini omwe chithokomiro sichikhoza kubala kapena pamene chithokomiro chachitidwa mwachipatala kapena opaleshoni yakuchotsedwa.
Matenda a hyperothyroidism angayambidwe ndi zinthu zambiri kuphatikizapo kusowa kwa ayodini, matenda a Hashimoto (matenda osokoneza bongo), khansa yothetsera khansa, kapena kuchotsedwa kwa kachilombo kake ( thyroidectomy ). Zingakhalenso zotsatira za matenda opatsirana omwe chithokomiro sichigwira ntchito moyenera.
Mankhwala ena ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira hypothyroidism ndi awa:
- Cytomel (liothyronine) ndizopanga T3
- Levothyroxine , mawonekedwe a T4 ogulitsa pansi pa mayina a chizindikiro Synthroid, Levoxyl, Unithroid, ndi Tirosint
- Chithokomiro chokongoletsedwa mwachibadwa chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chithokomiro cha nkhumba
Mankhwala Oyenera Kutengera Hyperthyroidism
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito hyperthyroidism. Amagwira ntchito poletsa kutsekemera kwa chithokomiro kuti asatengere mavitamini omwe amayenera kupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro.
Hyperthyroidism ingayambitsidwe ndi matenda a Grave (mtundu wina wa matenda a autoimmune), osakhudzana ndi matenda a chithokomiro , kutsekemera kwa chithokomiro ( thyroiditis ), ndi chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito (chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ). Komanso, matenda a Hashimoto angayambitsenso hyperthyroidism m'njira yomwe imayambitsa hypothyroidism.
Pakali pano pali mankhwala awiri ovomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira hypothyroidism ku US:
- Tapazole (methimazole)
- Propylthiouracil , yosungidwa makamaka pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la chithokomiro
Mankhwala Omwe Ayenera Kuchita Khansa ya Chithokomiro
Kuphatikiza pa kuchiza kusamvana kwa mahomoni, palinso mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya chithokomiro. Pali mitundu inayi yosiyanasiyana ya kansa ya chithokomiro , zina mwazo ndizochiritsidwa kuposa zina.
Mankhwalawa amasiyana koma amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa khansa zina, kuphatikizapo:
- Adriamycin (doxorubicin hydrochloride)
- Caprelsa (vandetanib)
- Cometriq (cabozantinib-S-malate)
- Lenvima (lenvatinib mesylate)
- Nexavar (sorafenib tosylate)
Mankhwala ena otchedwa Thyrogen (thyrotropin alfa) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya chithokomiro musanayambe kumwa mankhwala a iodine . Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa iwo omwe amachiza khansa asanayambe kufufuza. Monga njira yokhala ndi mahomoni otulutsa chithokomiro (TSH) , Thyrogen ikhoza kutsimikizira kuti thupi lonse ndilosawombola popanda kupanga hypothyroidism.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. "Mankhwala Ofunika Kwambiri pa Khansa ya Chithokomiro." Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa January 6, 2017.
> Ross, D .; Kutsitsa, H .; Cooper, D. et al. "2016 American Association of Thyroid Guidelines Guide for Discover and Management of Hyperthyroidism ndi Zifukwa Zina za Thyrotoxicosis." THYROID . 2016; 26 (10): 1343-421. DOI: 10.1089 / thy.2016.0229.
> McAninch, E. ndi Bianco, A. "Mbiri ndi Tsogolo Labwino la Hypothyroidism." Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (1): 50-56. DOI: 10.7326 / M15-1799.
> National Cancer Institute: Ma Institutes of Health. "Mankhwala Ovomerezeka ku Kansa ya Chithokomiro." Bethesda, Maryland; zasinthidwa pa March 12, 2015.