Chithokomiro: Opaleshoni Chotsani Chithokomiro cha Chithokomiro

1 -

Opaleshoni ya Chithokomiro

Kuchita opaleshoni ya chithokomiro, yotchedwa thyroidectomy, ndi njira yochotsera zonse kapena mbali ya chithokomiro. Izi zimachitidwa pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira khansara ya chithokomiro kukulitsa kosakanikirana. Njira yopaleshoni imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimakhudza chithokomiro komanso momwe chithokomiro chiyenera kuchotsedwa.

Chithokomiro chimakhala ngati gulugufe ndipo chimakhala pansi pammero. Zingathe kumvekedwa pamayesero kawirikawiri, koma kawirikawiri sizimawonekeratu kuzinthu zosawerengeka. Ngati chithokomiro chikulitsidwa, chikhoza kukhala chowonekera kwambiri, nthawi zina kukhala kukula kwa mpira wa golf. Kwa odwala ambiri, pali zilonda zinayi zomwe zimayenderana ndi chithokomiro, chomwe chimatchedwa "zilonda za parathyroid." Ngakhale kuti dzinali likufanana ndi chithokomiro, ntchito ya chithokomiro ndi parathyroid ndi yosiyana kwambiri.

2 -

Matenda a Chithokomiro

Pali mitundu inayi yoyamba ya mavuto a chithokomiro omwe amapanga opaleshoni. Matenda ambiri a chithokomiro ndi hypothyroidism ndi hyperthyroidism, zomwe ziri ndi vuto ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amadzibisa. Mavuto ena awiri omwe amachititsa opaleshoni ya chithokomiro yofunikira ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti chithokomiro ndi khansara zikhale ndi khansa.

Chithokomiro chimatulutsa mahomoni awiri, thyroxine (T4) ndi triiodothyronine (T3). Mahomoniwa amagwira ntchito pamodzi kuti athetse mphamvu ya thupi.

Hypothyroidism ndi matenda omwe chithokomiro chimatulutsa mahomoni ochepa kwambiri ndipo amachititsa odwala kukhala opunduka, ovutika maganizo, opweteka komanso opweteka komanso olemera. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi vuto la chithokomiro limene limayambira ndi chimodzi mwa zida zina ziwiri, hypothalamus, ndi pituitary. Nthawi zambiri, hypothyroidism imatha kukhala ndi moyo woopsa wotchedwa "myxedema coma."

Nthaŵi zambiri, hypothyroidism imachiritsidwa mosavuta ndi chithokomiro m'malo mwake (synthetic) mahomoni. Kuchita opaleshoni sikofunika kokha kupatula ngati chikopa chikukulitsa kapena chikudwala.

Zifukwa za Hyphyothyism:

• Kusintha kwa chithokomiro kakang'ono kwambiri
• Matenda a mthupi
• Mafunde
• Opaleshoni kuchotsa chithokomiro
• Kutupa kwa chithokomiro - zonse zoyipa ndi khansa
• Mankhwala kuphatikizapo Lithium, Amiodarone (Cordarone), Interferon ndi m'malo mwa chithokomiro

Hyperthyroidism ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi hypothyroidism, ndipo pali T3 kapena T4 kwambiri yopangidwa. Matendawa amadziwika kuti chithokomiro chopitirira muyeso.

Zifukwa za Hyperthyroidism:

• Matenda a manda (chifukwa chofala)
• Owonjezera ayodini
• Kutulutsa mahomoni ochuluka kwambiri m'malo mwake
• Kutupa kwa mayesero
• Kutupa kwa thumba losunga mazira

3 -

Glands ya Parathyroid: Ndi Chiyani?

Zilonda za parathyroid ndizo zimbudzi zomwe zimakhala pakhosi pambali ya chithokomiro, koma ngakhale kuti zikufanana ndi mayina, zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pali zilonda zazing'ono zinayi zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi chithokomiro. Sizimachotsedwera nthawi ya chithokomiro.

Ntchito ya glands ya parathyroid ndiyoyang'anira kuchuluka kwa calcium m'thupi. Zilonda zimapanga komanso zimatulutsa hormone ya parathyroid. Ngati mlingo wa kashiamu mu thupi ndi wotsika, mahomoni ambiri amavomerezedwa. Kashiki wochuluka m'magazi ndi glands ochititsa manyazi amachepetsa mlingo wa homoni.

Pamene hormone ya parathyroid imatulutsidwa m'thupi, mafupa a thupi amatulutsa zina zokhudzana ndi kashiamu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mahomoni ochuluka kwambiri amatha kudwala matenda otupa mitsempha, kapena mafupa ofooketsa komanso otupa.

4 -

Mayesero Asanachitike Opaleshoni

Asanachite opaleshoni, mayesero adzachitika kuphatikizapo kuyesedwa kwa thupi, kuyesedwa kwa magazi, ndi chiwonetsero cha magazi . Izi zidzakuthandizani kudziwa momwe matenda a chithokomiro alili komanso chiyambi cha vutoli. Nthaŵi zina, chithokomiro chomwe sichitha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni chingakhale chikuyambitsa vuto la pituitary kapena hypothalamus. Mayeso a magazi amatha kuzindikira kuti gland ndi vuto liti.

Kuyesedwa Kovomerezeka Asanachitike Opaleshoni ya Chithokomiro:

• TSH: Zotsatira zidzakhala zochepa kwa hyperthyroidism, mkulu wa hypothyroidism
• T4: Pamwamba ndi hyperthyroidism, yotsika kwa hypothyroidism
• T3: Maseŵera apamwamba amasonyeza bwino hyperthyroidism
• Kuwonetseratu kwapadera: Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito chida ndi kuwala ndi kamera pa iyo kuti ayang'ane mkati mwa mmero ndi malo a chithokomiro
• x-ray
• Chidutswa : Chingwe chabwino cha singano chikhoza kuchitidwa kuti aunike maselo a chithokomiro pansi pa microscope
• Chithokomiro

5 -

Zifukwa za Opaleshoni ya Chithokomiro

Pali zifukwa zambiri zoti opaleshoni ya chithokomiro ndi yofunikira. Matenda ena amakhudza ntchito ya chithokomiro, pamene ena amangosintha kukula kwa chithokomiro. Nthaŵi zina, kutsekula kwa chithokomiro, ngakhale chithokomiro chikugwira ntchito bwino, chiyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti chithokomiro chimakhala pamwamba pa mphepo ndipo zimakula kukula, zimatha kupuma.

Zifukwa za Opaleshoni ya Chithokomiro

• Khansara ya chithokomiro
• Hyperthyroidism yomwe siimayankha mankhwala ena
• Hyphyothyism ndi kutambasula kwa gland
• Goiter: Kukulitsa kosakanikirana kwa gland komwe kungasokoneze ntchito ya mphepo ndi mpopu

6 -

Kuopsa kwa Opaleshoni ya Chithokomiro

Kuphatikiza pa zoopsa zonse za opaleshoni ndi kuopsa kwa anesthesia , opaleshoni ya chithokomiro ili ndi zoopsa zake.

Kuopsa kwa Opaleshoni ya Chithokomiro

• Zowopsya kapena mavuto a chingwe
• Kusintha kwamuyaya kwa liwu
• Chikhure
• Dysphagia, zovuta kumeza
• Kulephera kwa calcium (ngati mabala a parathyroid amachotsedwa kapena akuvulala)

7 -

Mitundu ya Opaleshoni ya Chithokomiro

Pali mitundu yambiri ya opaleshoni ya chithokomiro. Kuti mumvetse kusiyana pakati pa ndondomekoyi, nkofunika kumvetsa momwe thupi lanu limayambira. Mtunduwu umakhala wofanana ndi mawonekedwe a gulugufe. "Mapiko" aliwonse amapangidwa ndi lobe, ndipo amagwirizana ndi chithokomiro kapena "thupi" la butterfly.

• Kuchita opaleshoni ya chithokomiro chosiyana: Chigawo chimodzi cha chithokomiro chimachotsedwa
• Opaleshoni ya chithokomiro cha Lobectomy: Chithokomiro chonse chimachotsedwa
• Lobectomy ndi opaleshoni ya chithokomiro cha isthmusectomy: Chimodzi cha lobe, pamodzi ndi chiwonetserocho, chikuchotsedwa.
• Chithokomiro chotchedwa thyroidectomy: Chithokomiro chochuluka chimachotsedwa, koma chigawo chogwira ntchito chimatsalira (chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a Graves)
• Total Thyroidectomy: Lobes onse ndi zisiti zimachotsedwa

8 -

Opaleshoni ya Chithokomiro: Njira

Matenda a chithokomiro amayamba ndi kulowetsedwa kwa pulogalamu yotchedwa endotracheal tube , kenako ikutsogoleredwa ndi anesthesia . Pamene anesthesia ikayamba kugwira ntchito, njirayi imayambira ndi masentimita makumi awiri m'litali mwake yomwe imatalika pa chithokomiro. Malinga ndi mayesero omwe amachitidwa musanatulukidwe ndi chithokomiro, kutsiriza kwa chithokomiro chochuluka chiyenera kuchotsedwa.

Pano, gawo kapena magawo a chithokomiro achotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito scalpel. Chisamaliro chapadera chimatengedwa kuti chisamavulaze kapena kusokoneza zipangizo za parathyroid ndi zingwe za mawu, zonsezi zomwe zimakhala pakhosi pambali pa chithokomiro.

Zomwe zimapangidwanso zimapangidwanso kuti zifufuze zizindikiro za chithokomiro, parathyroid ndipo, kawirikawiri, ma lymph nodes pafupi. Izi zatsimikizika kuti gawo la chithokomiro lomwe latsala, ngati liripo, siliri matenda. Nthaŵi zina, minofu imayang'anitsidwa ndi katswiri wamagetsi mwamsanga, kotero kuti opaleshoni yachiŵiri kuchotsa gawo la matenda a chithokomiro sikofunikira.

Chithokomiro chitachotsedwa ndipo zitsanzo zilizonse zowonongeka zatengedwa, derali likufufuzidwa chifukwa cha magazi. Dokotalayo atakhala ndi chidaliro kuti palibe magazi opezekapo, incision imatsekedwa. Zingakhale zotsekedwa ndi zakudya zakuda kapena sutures , ndipo nthawi zina, akhoza kuthira chotsulo chochotsera madzi kuchokera kumalo amasiku atatha opaleshoni.

Kamodzi kansalu kosabalaka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ku incision, opaleshoniyo imatha. Anesthesia imatha ndipo mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti amutse wodwalayo. Wodwalayo amatengedwa kupita kuchipatala kuti aziyang'anitsitsa mosamala pamene zotsalira zowonongeka zimatha.

9 -

Kubwezeretsa Pambuyo pa Opaleshoni ya Chithokomiro

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yanu ya chithokomiro, mudzatengedwera kupita kuchipinda. Ndi zachilendo kumva ululu m'khosi mwanu pambuyo pa chithokomiro. Msosi wanu ukhoza kukhala wowawa kwambiri, ndipo kungakhale kovulaza kulankhula ndi kumeza. Izi ndi zachizolowezi mwamsanga potsatira njirayi. Nthaŵi zambiri, mumakhala m'chipatala usiku woyamba wa kuchira kwanu kuti muyang'ane pa mavuto aliwonse, monga kutaya magazi kapena kupuma kovuta.

Poyamba, mutha kumwa madzi. Ngati mutha kumwa zakumwa popanda vuto, mutha kuyamba kudya zakudya zofewa m'mawa mwake. Kawirikawiri, mudzatha kubwerera ku chakudya chodziwika mkati mwa opaleshoni ya maola 72, kuteteza mavuto alionse omwe simukuyembekezera.

Odwala ambiri amatha kubwerera kwawo mkati mwa maola 24 mutatha njirayi. Musanayambe kumwa, mudzapatsidwa malangizo okhudza momwe mungasamalire opaleshoni yanu komanso nthawi yoti muwone dokotala wanu.

10 -

Moyo Patatha Opaleshoni ya Throjeni

Mukachitidwa opaleshoni kuti muchotse chithokomiro chanu, thupi lanu silidzatulutsa mahomoni a chithokomiro oyenera. Mahomoni amenewa adzaloledwa m'malo mwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ngakhale kuti synthroid ndi mtundu wina wa mahomoni otere, mukhoza kupeza kuti anthu amatchula mankhwala onse a chithokomiro monga "synthroid."

Malo anu a chithokomiro angayambe mwamsanga pambuyo pa opaleshoni yanu kapena ingayambidwe masabata angapo pambuyo pake, malingana ndi chikhalidwe chimene chinapanga opaleshoniyo. Mukamayambitsa mahomoni, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuti muteteze zizindikiro za hyper kapena hypothyroidism.

Mlingo wa kashiamu ndi vitamini D m'magazi anu ukhoza kuyang'anitsanso. Nthawi zina, kuthandizira tsiku ndi tsiku kudzakhala kofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati zipangizo za parathyroid zimagwira ntchito.

Mukamamwa mankhwala bwino, muyenera kuyamba kumverera bwino. Zizindikiro za kupitirizabe kutaya mtima, kutopa komanso kumva kutopa kwambiri ziyenera kuuzidwa kwa dokotala yemwe akuyang'anira mankhwala anu a chithokomiro.

Ngati mukuvutika ndi mau anu kapena mantha pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mulole dokotala wanu adziwe. Ngakhale kuti zotsatirazi zimakhala zachilendo nthawi yomweyo atatha opaleshoni, ayenera kuthetsa vutoli pakapita nthawi.

> Zotsatira:

> Ntchito ya Parathyroid. Wachimwene

> Matenda a Chithokomiro Ma Institutes of Health

> Machitidwe a Chithokomiro. The American Thyroid Association