Nthawi zambiri minofu imakhudzidwa pa khansara ya chithokomiro
Kwa ambiri, mawu oti "ismmus" amatanthauza malo ochepetsedwa a madzi omwe amagwirizanitsa zidutswa ziwiri za dziko lalikulu.
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamankhwala, imapanga zofanana zofanana: chiwalo chochepa, ndime, kapena chidutswa chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumakutu (chigwa cha Eustachian tubes), chiberekero (chifuwa cha chiberekero), ubongo (chimbudzi cha chigoba) komanso chithokomiro (chithokomiro cha chithokomiro).
Zili pamtambo wotsiriza - monga gawo la chithokomiro - kuti ntchito ya chigwacho imatenga kwambiri pa nthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa.
Udindo wa Isthmus wa Chithokomiro
Phokosoli ndi minofu yomwe imapanga mlatho pakati pa matenda awiri a chithokomiro ndipo imakhala ngati chophimba mphete ziwiri za mphepo (trachea). Chithokomiro chokha ndi chonyezimira chooneka ngati gulugufe pamphuno kutsogolo kwa khosi.
Matenda a chithokomiro amachititsa thupi kuchepetsa thupi pobisa mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuti kutentha, kukula, minofu, chilakolako cha thupi, ubwino wa mtima, ubongo, impso, ndi njira yoberekera. Phokosoli liripo pokhapokha kuthandizira ndi kulimbikitsa ziwalo izi.
Zovuta za Glands Glands ndi Isthmus
Chithokomiro choyenera ndi pafupifupi kukula kwa kotala ndipo kawirikawiri sichimveka kapena kuchiwoneka pakhungu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chithokomiro chotupa (chomwe chimatchedwa goiter) chimawoneka ngati chotupa kutsogolo kwa khosi.
Chithokomiro nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kutseka ma hormoni ofunika m'thupi. Mahomoni ambiri (matenda otchedwa hyperthyroidism ) angayambitse kulemera kwa thupi, kutukuta, kupweteka pachifuwa, ziphuphu, ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Zochepa ( hypothyroidism ) ndipo munthu akhoza kulemera, kumva kutentha, ndi khungu lopukuta kapena tsitsi.
Zovuta za phokosoli zikuphatikizapo agenesis (kusowa kwa chiwonongeko chifukwa cha vuto la kubadwa) kapena kuvulala mwachindunji (kawirikawiri kumagwirizana ndi chovala chimodzi kapena ziwiri).
Matenda onse a chithokomiro amatsogolere dokotala wanu kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni otchedwa thyroid-stimulating (TSH) m'magazi anu. Kuyezetsa kwina kungaphatikizepo:
- kuunika kwa khosi, chithokomiro, trachea, ndi ma lymph nodes kuti muone ngati zikukula kapena zachilendo
- ultrasonography, chipangizo chojambula chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a ultrasonic
- Kujambula kwa radionuclide komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wa zowonongeka kuti ziwonetsedwe majekesi pamasewero
- chiwopsezo cha minofu ya chithokomiro
Kuchotsa Chithokomiro ndi Isthmus
Ngati chiwopsezo chikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa khansara mu chithokomiro, mbali ya chithokomiro ikhoza kuchotsedwa. Njirayi, yotchedwa thyroidectomy, ikhoza kuchotsa kuchotsa chimodzi kapena zonse ziwiri. Ngati khansara imakhala yovuta (kufalikira kupyola sitepe ya chotupa choyambirira), chiwonetserochi chiyenera kuchotsedwa mu ndondomeko yotchedwa isthmectomy.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thyroidectomy yomwe imatengera kuchuluka kwake kwa gland:
- Kuchuluka kwa chithokomiro (kutulutsa khungu lonse la chithokomiro)
- Chithokomiro chochotsera (kuchotsa lobe imodzi)
- Matenda a chithokomiro chapadera (kuchotsa pang'ono mwa lobe)
- Chithokomiro cha lobectomy ndi isthmectomy (kuchotsa lobe ndi chimbudzi)
- Kutsekemera kwa chithokomiro (kuchotsedwa kwa lobe lonse, ismmus ndi lobe pang'ono)
Kuchokera
- > Mathur, A. ndi Doherty, G. "Chaputala 1: Chithokomiro ndi Tsitsi la Dissection." Ndondomeko Zamakono: Opaleshoni . 2010; New York: Hill ya McGraw.