Hyperothyroidism ikhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zingapo, kuchokera ku chiopsezo chodzidzimutsa cha chithokomiro chotchedwa Hashimoto's thyroiditis) kutenga mankhwala monga lithiamu. Hypothyroidism ingakhalenso chizindikiro choyamba cha vuto lalikulu la vuto la chigoba.
Kumvetsa "chifukwa" kumbuyo kwa matenda a hypothyroidism n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mupite patsogolo ndi dongosolo la mankhwala.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa ngakhale kuti anthu ena amafunika kukhala ndi mahomoni ambiri omwe amakhala ndi chithokomiro, ena akhoza kukhala ndi kanthawi kochepa ka hypothyroidism (mwachitsanzo, postpartum thyroiditis), ayenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala, kapena kuti apeze mayesero opatsirana monga kufotokoza za mankhwala opatsirana.
Kawirikawiri
Hashimoto's thyroiditis ndi amene amayambitsa hypothyroidism ku United States.
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti chithokomiro chanu chithe. Mu ma Hashimoto, ma antibodies amatsutsana ndi mapuloteni m'matenda anu a chithokomiro, zomwe zimachititsa kuti thupi lanu liwonongeke mochepa, zomwe zimachititsa kuti thupi lanu lisamafe.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis amavomerezeka kwambiri kwa amayi, ndipo ngakhale zingathe kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse, zimakhala zofala pamene anthu amakula. Kwa amayi, nthawi zambiri Hashimoto amakula panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, atatha kubereka, kapena nthawi yoyamba.
Zifukwa Zina
Kuwonjezera pa matenda a Hashimoto, zifukwa zina za hypothyroidism ndizo:
Opaleshoni
Anthu omwe ali ndi hyperthyroidism, khansa ya chithokomiro, kapena khansa ya chithokomiro angafunikire kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Ngati mankhwala onse a chithokomiro amachotsedwa opaleshoni, munthu adzakhala hypothyroid ndipo amafunika mankhwala a chithokomiro am'thupi.
Ngati kokha khungu la chithokomiro lichotsedwa, pali mwayi wochuluka kuti idzatha kupanga homoni yokwanira.
Mafunde
M'malo mwa opaleshoni ya chithokomiro kapena mankhwala a antithyroid, anthu ena omwe ali ndi hyperthyroidism amachiritsidwa ndi ayodini ya radioactive, yomwe idzawononga chithokomiro, kutembenuza munthu hypothyroid. Anthu amene akudwala mankhwala a Hodgkin's lymphoma kapena khansara ya mutu ndi khosi ali pangozi yopanga hypothyroidism.
Thyroiditis
Chithokomiro chimatulutsa kutupa kwa kutentha kwa chithokomiro ndipo imakhala nthawi yambiri ya chithokomiro chosiyanasiyana. Matenda a Hashimoto (monga tawatchula pamwambapa) ndi omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo timayambitsa matendawa.
Chitsanzo china cha thyroiditis ndi matenda a thyroiditis (omwe amatchedwanso de Quervain's thyroiditis), omwe amakhulupirira kuti amachititsidwa ndi kachilombo. Ndi mtundu uwu wa thyroiditis, munthu amakhala ndi hyperthyroidism yotsatira ndi hypothyroidism, kuphatikizapo chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.
Mankhwala Ena
Mankhwala ena angayambitse hypothyroidism. Mankhwalawa ndi awa:
- Lithium
- Amiodarone
- Thionamides (mankhwala osokoneza bongo)
- Interferon-alpha
- Interleukin-2
- Mankhwala ena a khansa (tyrosine kinase inhibitors ndi checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies)
Iodine Owonjezera kapena Kutaya
Mavitamini ambiri (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku zakudya zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi kelp) zingayambitse kapena kuipa kwambiri hypothyroidism. Kuonjezera apo, kusowa kwa ayodini, komwe kumawoneka mwa anthu ena m'mayiko omwe alibe chitukuko kungayambitse hypothyroidism. Iodini ndi yofunikira kuti apange mahomoni a chithokomiro, ndipo amapezeka mu zakudya, monga mkaka, nkhuku, ng'ombe, nkhumba, nsomba, ndi mchere wa iodizedi.
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Ana ena amabadwa opanda chithokomiro kapena ndi chithokomiro chochepa cha chithokomiro. Popeza palibe mankhwala a chithokomiro (kapena osakwanira) kuti atulutse mahomoni a chithokomiro, hypothyroidism imakula, yomwe ndi yaikulu ndipo imafuna chithandizo ndi mapiritsi a thyroid.
Chikumbumtima Chovutitsa Vuto
Mtundu wa pituitary uli mu ubongo ndipo umatulutsa zilonda zina m'thupi, monga chithokomiro, kutulutsa hormone. Ngati nthendayi yawonongeka ndi chotupa cha ubongo, ma radiation, kapena opaleshoni ya ubongo, ikhoza kusagwira bwino mokwanira kuti isonyeze chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Izi zingachititse kuti chithokomiro chisawonongeke. Mtundu umenewu wa hypothyroidism amatchedwa hypothyroidism.
Matenda Opatsirana
Kawirikawiri, matenda ena, monga hemochromatosis, amatha kuika zinthu zosawonongeka (chitsulo, pa hemochromatosis) m'thupi lanu, zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa chithokomiro, kapena kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tisamafe.
Kuwonjezera pa hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis ikhoza kuyambitsa granuloma kuika chithokomiro. Palinso chinthu chosowa kwambiri chomwe chimatchedwa fibrous thyroiditis (kapena Riedel's thyroiditis), momwe minofu yamagetsi imalowetsa minofu yambiri ya chithokomiro.
Genetics
DNA yanu imathandiza kwambiri pakupanga autoimmune hypothyroidism, ndipo izi zathandizidwa ndi maphunziro angapo.
Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina wa ku Germany anapeza ngozi yowonjezera mahekitala 32 a Hashimoto's thyroiditis kwa ana ndipo chiwopsezo chachikulu chawonjezeka 21 mwa abale a anthu omwe ali ndi chithokomiro cha Hashimoto.
Poyang'ana pa majeremusi enieni okhudzana ndi Hashimoto, asayansi atulukira kusintha kwa maselo a mtundu wa leukocyte antigen (HLA), T-cell receptors, ndi ma molekyulu ena ogwira ntchito m'thupi.
Poonjezera kuti mbali ya majini imayambitsa matenda a Hashimoto's thyroiditis, ma genetic syndromes, Turner syndrome ndi Down syndrome, ali ndi chiwerengero choposa chiwerengero cha matenda a chithokomiro, makamaka Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Zonse zimati, ndizofunika kukumbukira kuti majini anu ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chingakuthandizeni kudziwa momwe mungathere pokhala ndi hypothyroidism. Palinso zina zambiri (zachilengedwe) zomwe zimachitika, monga kutenga mimba kapena kumwa mankhwala ena.
Pamapeto pake, ndiko kugwirizana kwa majeremusi ndi chilengedwe chomwe chimayambitsa chiopsezo cha munthu kuti apange hypothyroidism.
Zowopsa Zowopsa
Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga hypothyroidism ndi izi:
- Kukhala mkazi
- Kukhala wokalamba
- Kukhala Caucasian kapena Asia
- Kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja la Hashimoto's thyroiditis kapena matenda ena omwe amadzimva okha
- Kukhala ndi mbiri yaumwini ya matenda omwe amadzimadzimadzimodzi (mwachitsanzo, matenda osadziwika, nyamakazi, kapena mtundu wa shuga)
- Kukhala ndi pakati kapena kutuluka
- Zakudya zochepa kwambiri kapena zazing'ono za ayodini
- Amayanjanitsidwa ndi ayodini ya radioactive
- Mavitamini omwe analandira ku khosi kapena chapamwamba
- Anayamba opaleshoni ya chithokomiro
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ena (mwachitsanzo, lithiamu ya matenda osokoneza bipolar)
Kusintha Zinthu Zowopsa
Chochititsa chidwi, r esearch ikusonyeza kuti kuchepa kwa selenium kungagwirizane ndi kupanga Hashimoto's thyroiditis ndi hypothyroidism. Komanso, kukhala ndi vuto lopweteka kumutu, monga migraines, lapezeka kuti likugwirizana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha hypothyroidism, makamaka kwa amayi oposa.
Sitikudziwikanso momwe kusuta kumakhudzira chithokomiro, ngakhale kuti ndizovuta. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kusuta fodya kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha hypothyroidism kwa anthu omwe ali ndi Hashimoto's thyroiditis, kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti kusuta kwenikweni kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa hypothyroidism ndi kuchuluka kwa hyperthyroidism.
> Zotsatira:
> American Thyroid Association. (2013). Hypothyroidism: Buku la Odwala ndi Mabanja Awo .
> Buku la BO, Bjoro T, Nilsen Tl, Vatten LJ. Kusuta fodya ndi chithokomiro kumagwira ntchito: phunziro lochokera kwa anthu. Arch Intern Med . 2007 Jul 9; 167 (13): 1428-32.
> Braverman, L, Cooper D. Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid, 10th Edition. WLL / Wolters Kluwer; 2012.
> Carle A et al. Kusuta fodya kukutsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezereka komabe kanthawi kochepa kowonjezereka kwa chiwerengero cha autoimmune hypothyroidism - chiwerengero cha anthu, kuphunzira-mlandu. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) . 2012 Nov; 77 (5): 764-72.
> Dittmar M, Libich C, Brenzel T, Kahaly GJ. Kukula kwadzidzidzi kwa matenda a chithokomiro. Horm Metab Re s. 2011 Mar; 43 (3): 200-4.
> Garber JR et al. Mankhwala othandizira odwala akuluakulu a hypothyroidism: akuluakulu a American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ndi American Thyroid Association. Chitetezo cha Endocr . 2012 Nov-Dec; 18 (6): 988-1028.
> Lisotto C, Mainardi F, Maggioni F, Zanchin G. Kusiyana pakati pa migraine ndi hypothyroidism. J Mutu wa Mutu. 2013; 14 (Suppl 1): P138.
> Martin AT et al. Matenda a mitsempha angakhale chiopsezo cha chitukuko cha mtundu watsopano wa hypothyroidism. Mutu. 2017 Jan; 57 (1): 21-30.
> Lelo A, Moroni L, Caliari L, Invernizzi P. Kukhazikitsa Maganizo ndi Matenda a Turner. Wowononga Wachiwiri 2 012 May; 11 (6-7): A538-43.
> Wu Q et al. Chiwerengero cha anthu otchedwa selenium chimachitika ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda a chithokomiro. J Clin Endocrinol. Metab . 2015 Nov; 100 (11): 4037-47.