Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Amathamangitsidwa ndi Njira Yothandizira ndi Zolinga Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Corticosteroids amatchula kalasi ya mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira nyamakazi yotupa ndi zina zotupa. Chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "steroids," nthawi zambiri anthu amakhulupirira kuti ndi ofanana ndi anabolic steroid omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azilimbikitsidwa komanso kuti azigwira bwino ntchito.
Mwachidule
Mawu akuti "steroid" ndi mawu otanthauzira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza mbali iliyonse ndi mawonekedwe enieni a maselo (omwe ali ndi mphete zinayi zopangidwa ndi maatomu 17 a carbon).
Ntchito ya steroids ndiyo kukhalabe wokhulupirika kwa selo la selo kapena kuyambitsa chipangizo cha selo kuti chilamulire momwe zimakhalira.
Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya steroid yomwe imapezeka mu chilengedwe, yotchuka kwambiri monga:
- Steroids, kuphatikizapo estrogen, progesterone , ndi testosterone
- Corticosteroids, kuphatikizapo glucocorticoids (monga cortisol) yomwe imayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndi mineralocorticoids (monga aldosterone) yomwe imayang'anira mphamvu ya electrolytes
- Secosteroids monga vitamini D zomwe zimathandiza kuyang'anira zinthu zambiri zamoyo
- Matenda otchedwa Neurosteroids monga DHEA omwe amathandizira pa kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni a amuna ndi akazi
- Sterols monga cholesterol yomwe imathandiza kusunga selo nembanemba
Anabolic Steroids
Saboid Anabolic ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mahomoni ogonana (androgens). Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mitsempha yamatenda (zotsatira za anabolic) ndi chitukuko cha makhalidwe achiwerewere (ndi androgenic effect).
Ma steroids amapezeka ndi mankhwalawa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda omwe amachititsa kuti masewero a testosterone ( hypogonadism ) asakhale ochepa kwambiri . Zomwe zimayambitsa zikhoza kuphatikizapo matenda osakanizidwa, kuvulala kwa nyongolotsi, hemochromatosis (mankhwala ochulukirapo m'magazi), matenda opatsirana, matenda opweteka, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso matenda opatsirana .
Chifukwa cha zotsatira zawo za anabolic, mankhwalawa amachitiridwa nkhanza ndi othamanga kapena anthu ofuna kusintha maonekedwe awo. Kuchitira nkhanza kwa anabolic steroids kungabweretse mavuto aakulu, kuphatikizapo:
- Mphuno yochuluka
- Kukula kwa abambo m'mawere ( gynecomastia )
- Tsitsi la nkhope ndi thupi likukula mwa akazi (hirsutism)
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kumasintha ("kukwiya koopsa")
- Manic khalidwe
- Shrinkage ya maselo
- Zovala za amuna amuna ndi akazi
- Kusakhazikika kwa msambo
- Kusadziletsa
- Khungu la maso kapena khungu (jaundice)
- Tendon rupture
- Matenda a chiwindi kapena khansara
- Kukula mofulumira pa unyamata
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids imatanthawuza mankhwala omwe mwachibadwa amapangidwa ndi adrenal cortex kapena mapangidwe omasulira omwe amasonyezera mapangidwe awo a maselo. Corticosteroids amachititsa chitetezo cha mthupi polepheretsa kupanga zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa zowopsya komanso zotupa.
Mankhwalawa akhoza kuperekedwa pamlomo, pamimba, pamutu, kapena mwa jekeseni kuti athe kuchiza matenda monga matenda, matenda a Crohn , matenda a zilonda zam'mimba, matenda osokoneza bongo (monga matenda a rhumamu kapena lupus), matenda a magazi (monga lymphoma ndi khansa ya m'magazi), ndi kansa ya prostate.
Mankhwala a corticosteroid omwe amalembedwa ku US akuphatikizapo:
- Betamethasone
- Budesonide
- Cortisone
- Dexamethasone
- Hydrocortisone
- Methylprednisolone
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
- Triamcinolone
Mankhwalawa amapezeka pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe.
Ubwino ndi Mavuto
Corticosteroids ndi mankhwala amphamvu omwe amatha kuchepetsa kutupa pamene akuthandizani kuchira. Ndikunena kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungapangitse zotsatira zoyipa komanso zina zotsutsana, kuphatikizapo:
- Kulemera kwalemera
- Zikodzo
- Kufooka kwa minofu
- Kupukuta khungu
- Kugawidwa kwa mafuta a thupi (lipodystrophy)
- Tendon rupture
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Matenda a shuga
- Osteoporosis
- Zozizira
- Kuwonjezeredwa kwa matenda
- Zilonda za m'mimba
- Kusokonezeka maganizo
Kuti lipindule kwambiri, corticosteroids imatchulidwa pa mlingo wotsika kwambiri pa nthawi yochepa kuti ikwaniritse zotsatira zake.
Ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, mankhwalawa ayenera kupitilira pang'ono kuti adreal gland pang'onopang'ono atenge ntchito yake yachibadwa. Kuthamanga mofulumira kungayambitse zizindikiro za kuchotsa komanso mavuto omwe angayambitse moyo wawo.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati dongosolo lanu la mankhwala likuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a corticosteroid, nthawi zonse yesani ubwino ndi zoopsa ndi dokotala wanu. Malingana ndi umoyo wanu, pangakhale zinthu zina zomwe zingapereke mpumulo womwewo ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.
Pamapeto pake, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kusunga corticosteroids zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakapita nthawi.
> Zotsatira:
> Waljee, A .; Rogers, M ;; Lin, P. et al. "Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepa a corticosteroids kwa nthawi yayitali ndi ziwawa zofanana pakati pa anthu akuluakulu ku United States: maphunziro a kagulu ka anthu." BMJ. 2017; 357: j1415. DOI: & https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1415.
> Yu, J ;; Bonnerud, P .; Eriksson, A. et al. "Zotsatira za Kuonjezera Kwa Nthawi Yakale Anrolic Androgen Steroids pa Mitsempha Yachilengedwe ya Anthu." PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (9): e105330. DOI: 10.1371 / magazini.pone.0105330.