Ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi, mukhoza kudziwa kuti pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe mavairasi angathere. Ndiye kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani ngati muli ndi mwana? Kodi mungathe kuyamwa? Kodi ndi zofunikira zotani zomwe zimayenera kutengedwa ndi mitundu yosiyana ya matenda a chiwindi?
Hepatitis
Chomwe chimakhala chodetsa nkhaŵa pakati pa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi chiopsezo chotengera kwa ana awo chifukwa cha kuyamwitsa.
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa umboni wa sayansi kumasonyeza kuti chizoloŵezicho n'chosungika bwino, zizindikiro ziyenera kutengedwa nthawi zina.
Ena mwa omwe akuthandizirawo ndi American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), yomwe imalimbikitsa kwambiri kuyamwitsa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi chiwindi chakutentha ndikuona kuti ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko ndi thanzi la ana awo obadwa kumene.
Zomwe amalingalirazo makamaka zimachokera ku kafukufuku wa matenda a matendawa kwa amayi kupita kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a A, B, C, D ndi E ku US ndi mayiko ena omwe akutukuka.
Hepatitis A ndi Hepatitis E
Matenda a hepatitis A (HAV) amafalitsidwa makamaka kudzera mu njira yachinsinsi, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukopa chakudya kapena madzi owonongeka, pogonana ndi abambo, ndi zina zomwe zimachitika pakati pa munthu ndi munthu. Momwemonso, ukhondo wabwino, kuphatikizapo kusamba m'manja, ndikuwoneka kuti ndi kofunikira pofuna kupewa kufala kwa HAV.
Kuyanjana ndi madzi ena a thupi sikumayendetsedwa ngati njira zofalitsira. Palibe umboni wa HAV umene umakhalapo pakati pa mkaka wa m'mawere, womwe umapangitsa kuti kuyamwitsa kusamalidwe bwino kwa ana omwe akuyamwitsa.
Ngati mayiyo ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, akhoza kupatsidwa immune globulin (IG) , mtundu wa wodwalayo woyeretsa yemwe angamuteteze kuti asapange matendawa.
Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ena adalimbikitsa kuti apatsidwe kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a hepatitis A kwa mwana wakhandayo ngati mayi ali ndi zizindikiro ziwiri masabata asanabadwe komanso sabata imodzi yobereka. Madokotala ena amaona kuti kuchita izi sikofunika monga kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana.
Matenda a Hepatitis E (HEV) ali ofanana ndi chiwindi cha A hepatitis A momwe imafalikira. Ngakhale kuti si zachilendo kwambiri ku United States, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'madera ena a Asia, Africa, ndi Central America.
Chiwindi cha Edzi chikhoza kukhala chovuta kwa mayi wokhala ndi amayi 20 peresenti ya amayi amene ali ndi kachilomboka pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba akhoza kukhala ndi chiwindi chachikulu cha chiwindi. Komabe, monga matenda a hepatitis A, kuyamwitsa kumatchedwanso kuti ndi kotetezeka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi HIV.
Hepatitis B ndi Hepatitis D
Matenda a hepatitis B (HBV) amaperekedwa kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kudzera mwa magazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, makamaka pogawaniza singano zonyansa kapena kugonana ndi munthu wodwala.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka m'madzi ambiri amthupi koma ndi opatsirana pokhapokha ngati ali m'magazi, m'mimba kapena m'matumbo.
Mosiyana ndi matenda a hepatitis A ndi E, HBV ikhoza kufalikira kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana panthawi yomwe wabadwa. Njira imeneyi ndi yachilendo ku Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa America koma zimadziwikiratu kuti zimapezeka kawirikawiri m'mayiko osauka omwe alibe chithandizo chamankhwala.
Kutumiza kwa HBV, komabe, sikuchitika kudzera mwa mkaka wa m'mawere, kuupangitsa kukhala wotetezeka kwa makanda pokha pokha pali chiopsezo chokumana ndi magazi a HBV. Choncho, amayi omwe ali ndi mitsempha yotsekemera kapena yakupha ayenera kupewa kupewa kuyamwitsa ndi kulowetsa mkaka wa khanda mpaka nthawi yomwe minofu yawo imachiritsidwa.
Amayi ayenera kuganizira za katemera wa katemera wa hepatitis B pogwiritsa ntchito katemera wa chitetezo cha hepatitis B panthawi yobadwa. Katemera wa Hepatitis B amafunika mlingo umodzi: umodzi pa kubadwa, wachiwiri miyezi iwiri, ndi wachitatu mu miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Matenda a hepatitis D (HDV) amafalitsidwa pokhapokha pamaso pa HVB ndipo amafalitsidwa ndi njira zomwezo (magazi, nyemba, saliva).
Kutumiza kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana sikunali kozolowereka. Mofanana ndi HBV, amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HDV amatha kuyamwitsa ana awo. Komabe, katemera wa HBV amauzidwa mwamphamvu pa kubadwa kuti athetse chiopsezo cha matenda a HDV.
Chiwindi cha chiwindi C
Matenda a Hepatitis C (HCV) amapezeka makamaka kudzera mwa magazi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, monga chiwindi cha hepatitis B. Komabe, mosiyana ndi HBV, kugonana kwa HCV kumawoneka kuti sikunali kofala kupatulapo magulu ena omwe ali oopsa .
Njira yaikulu ya kupatsirana kwa HCV ndiyo kuyiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito masingano a magawo ndi / kapena mankhwala opangira mankhwala.
Pafupifupi awiri kapena awiri peresenti ya amayi apakati akuwerengedwa kukhala ndi HCV. Kutumiza kumapezeka makamaka mu utero (pamene amayi ali ndi pakati komanso asanalandire) ndipo amakhala ndi chiopsezo cha pafupifupi asanu peresenti, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka mayi ndi zina zoopsa.
Komabe, palibe umboni woti kutaya kwa HCV kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyamwitsa, ndi ana omwe ali ndi botolo komanso omwe ali ndi vuto lomwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda. Pachifukwa ichi, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Congress of Obstetricians ndi Gynecologists ndi American Academy of Pediatrics zonse zimathandizira kuyamwitsa amayi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Monga momwe alili ndi chiwindi cha mtundu wa B, amapezeranso zowononga ngati amayi athyola kapena kutaya minofu, kuti athetse nthawi asanayambe kuyamwa mwana wawo.
Chimodzimodzinso pa kuyamwitsa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi HIV ndi HCV . Pakalipano, ku US, kuyamwitsa sikuvomerezeka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV monga momwe angatumizire kachilombo ka HIV, makamaka amayi ndi amayi omwe alibe chithandizo cha ma ARV .
Kodi Amayi Ayenera Kulimbitsa Thupi Liti?
Pamene mukuwerenga zomwe zili pamwambazi, mukhoza kudera nkhawa za kuyamwitsa komanso chiopsezo cha mwana wanu. Ngati ndi choncho, zingakhale zothandiza kumvetsetsa pamene kuyamwitsa sikuvomerezedwa malinga ndi CDC, monga momwe ziliri zochepa kwambiri pamene izi ziri zoona. Kuyamwitsa sikuvomerezedwa kwa:
- Mwana wakhanda amene amapezeka ndi matenda osadziwika a galactosemia ( kuyesedwa koyezetsa magazi kwa matendawa)
- Amayi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, kachilombo ka mtundu wa T-cell lymphotropic I kapena mtundu wa II, kapena akumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana
- Amayi omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu chosatetezedwa
- Amayi omwe amadalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- Amayi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake ochepetsa khansa (monga antimetabolites) kapena mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri pa Kutsekula kwa M'thupi ndi Chiwindi cha Hepatitis
Zonsezi, mgwirizanowu wa mabungwe angapo a dziko ndi ubwino wa kuyamwitsa kupitirira zoopsa pamene mayi ali ndi matenda a chiwindi. Chokhacho chikhoza kuchitika ngati mayi yemwe ali ndi chiwindi cha hepatitis B kapena hepatitis C wathyoka kapena wamagazi. Ngati izi zikuchitika, komabe kuyamwa kumangoyima mpaka mimba ya mayi itachiritsidwa, ndipo ikhoza kubwereranso.
Zotsatira:
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kuyamwitsa. Hepatitis B ndi C Infections. Kusinthidwa 06/17/15. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/hepatitis.htm
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kodi Mayi Ayenera Kupewa Kuyamwitsa Nthawi Yanji? Kusinthidwa 11/18/16. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/