Kuyankhula ndi Ethical Dilemma ya Chidziwitso Chodziwitsidwa Chokhazikitsa Chibwenzi mu Dementia
Pankhani ya kuvutika maganizo , pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zingayambitse chifukwa cha kusintha maganizo. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi funso lomwe lingapangitse achibale achikulire kukhala opanda nkhawa chifukwa limayankhula za kugonana ndi chibwenzi, koma ndi mutu womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wofunikira kuti ukhale nawo. Funso ndi ili: Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a 'dementia' amavomerezabe kugonana?
Ndipo, ngati zili choncho, ndi liti pamene sangathe kuchita zimenezi?
Vuto la Kuvomereza Chivomerezo
Kodi munthu amene ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha maganizo angathe kumvetsa zomwe akuchita komanso zotsatira zake? Mwachionekere, yankho silili losavuta kapena ayi.
Cholinga pofunsa, ndikuyesera kuyankha, funso lotha kuvomereza ndilowiri:
1. Kuteteza kugwiriridwa kwa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo omwe sangathe kulimbana nawo kapena kuwafotokozera
Chifukwa cha zovuta za kukumbukira ndi mavuto oyankhulana omwe angayambe kukhala ndi maganizo aumtima, nkofunika kuyesetsa kuti asagwirizane ndi wina yemwe akugonana ndi chilakolako chawo.
Akulu achikulire, makamaka omwe ali ndi mavuto amalingaliro, ndi zosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito nkhanza za mitundu yonse , kuphatikizapo kugonana.
Mwalamulo, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro ovomerezeka kuti avomereze kugonana. Funso la momwe mungadziwire ngati lingaliroli liripo ndi lovuta kuyankha.
Kodi pali sitepe ina ya dementia pamene izi zimakhala zoletsedwa ndi zachiwerewere?
2. Pewani ufulu wa munthu yemwe ali pachiopsezo kuti azichita zinthu zogonana zomwe zimafunidwa ndikulimbikitsa khalidwe labwino
Kusamalira Dementia kwafika kutali pozindikira kuti chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer (kapena matenda a dementia ) alipo, chilakolako cha chibwenzi sichinachotsedwe.
Komanso munthu sangathenso kuvomereza kapena kugonana nthawi yomweyo.
M'malo mwake, kafukufuku wapeza ubwino wokhudza kukhudzana kwa anthu odwala matenda a maganizo , ndipo odziwa maganizo a maganizo aumembala agogomezera kufunika kwa chisamaliro cha anthu paumtima . Nyumba zina za anthu okalamba komanso zothandizira malo okhalamo zakhala zikulembera ndondomeko yodziwa zofuna za thupi, zamaganizo, zauzimu, ndi za kugonana kwa iwo omwe akuwasamalira.
Kodi Ndi Zinthu Ziti Zomwe Tiyenera Kuziganizira Pomwe Phunziro Limavomerezedwa?
Ngati anthu awiri-mmodzi kapena onse omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo - amasonyeza chidwi chofuna kugonana ndi wina ndi mzake, ndi mafunso ati omwe angafunsidwe? Ngakhale palibe mndandandanda wazinthu zomwe zavomerezedwa ndi akatswiri, apa pali zina zomwe zingathandize pa chisankho ichi:
- Kuzindikira: Kodi munthu aliyense amavomerezana nthawi zonse? Kodi amadziwa dzina kapena chipinda cha wina ndi mzake? Kodi munthu m'modzi amaganiza molakwika kuti mnzanuyo ndi mkazi wake pamene iye sali?
- Chidwi: Kodi onse awiri amakondana nthawi zonse? Kodi pali chidwi chocheza ndi anzanu, kapena chidwi cha kugonana?
- Kulankhulana ndi mawu osagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaganizo: Kodi mauthenga awo omveka kapena opanda mawu amatanthauzanji? Akafunsidwa, kodi munthu aliyense amasonyeza kuti akufuna kukhala ndi nthawi? Mukawaona akugwirizanitsa, onse awiri akuchitirana zokhudzana ndikukhala okondwa? Kodi angayankhe mafunso okhudza ubale wawo ndikuwonetsa chikhumbo cha ubwenzi wapamtima?
- Kukhoza kunena "Ayi": Kodi munthu aliyense amasonyeza zizindikiro za mavuto, monga kutaya mtima, mantha, kukhumudwa, kuchepa kwa chilakolako, kapena kuwonetsa thupi? Kodi anthu onse angathe kunena "Ayi" (mawu kapena osagwiritsa ntchito mawu) kuti asagwirizane ndi kugonana kosayenera? Kodi munthu aliyense angasonyeze "kutalika" komwe akufuna kuti azichita ndi kugonana? Mwachitsanzo, kodi munthu mmodzi amakhala wokhutira ndi kupsyopsyona ndi kukhudza, ndipo winayo akuyesetsa kupita patsogolo kuntchito zochepetsera?
- Zowonongeka: Kodi anthu omwe akukhudzidwawo angasokonezeke motani? Kodi munthu aliyense ali ndi kutheza kuyankhulana ndi munthu wina wosafunika? Kodi munthuyo amathandizidwa kwambiri ndi banja kapena kodi ali okhaokha?
- Zotsatira pa umoyo wa moyo: Kodi ubalewu ukuwonekera kuti ukhale ndi umoyo wa anthu onse? Kodi ndi chiyanjano chokhazikika cha kudzipereka kapena mgwirizano watsopano?
Zinthu zovuta
M'munsimu pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kuziganiziranso:
Kulephera kutenga nawo mbali pazochita zachipatala
Bwanji ngati wina kapena onse awiri atatsimikiza kale kuti sangathe kutenga nawo mbali pazochita zachipatala, motero kuyika mphamvu ya woweruza mlandu ? Kodi izi zimawathandiza kuti asamalole kugonana?
Kuzindikira, munthu sangathe kumvetsetsa zovuta za chisankho koma amavomereza kuti akufuna kukhala pachibwenzi. Mwamwamwamwamwamwamwamwamwamwamwamunayo, amatha kuganiza kuti amavomerezedwa.
Banja, Guardian, ndi Mphamvu ya Attorney Health
Nanga bwanji ngati mamembala a m'banja, woweruza wokhazikitsidwa ndi khoti kapena mphamvu yothandizira zaumoyo akutsutsana?
Si zachilendo kuti mamembala akhale ndi nkhaŵa zazikulu komanso zomveka zokhudza chitetezo cha thupi la munthu wokondedwa wawo, kuthekera kozunzidwa, manyazi omwe kholo lawo limakhudzidwa ndi kugonana, zofuna zachipembedzo zokhudzana ndi khalidwe la makolo awo, ndi chikhumbo chitetezeni ulemu wa wokondedwa wawo.
Olemba ena olemba ndondomeko ndi ochita kafukufuku amalimbikitsa kutetezedwa kwathunthu kwa ufulu wa chiyanjano muumtima waumphawi ndipo motero ndikumverera kuti ndi mphepo yachinsinsi kudziwitsa mabanja.
Ena amatsindika kuti ngati munthuyo amakhala kuchipatala, malowa ndi omwe amateteza anthu omwe angakhale nawo pachibwenzi. Choncho, maphwando oyenerera ayenera kudziwitsidwa za mkhalidwewu kuti akhalebe olankhulana momasuka pa chitukuko chake, makamaka ngati ubale watsopano. Kulankhulana uku kungakhale koyenera komanso kutetezedwa kuchitapo kanthu palamulo ngati phwando lingavomereze.
Nyumba Yachiheberi ku mtsinje wa Riverdale (malo omwe akutsogolera njira yakukambirana nkhaniyi) ikuwonetseratu kuphunzitsa achibale za zosowa za wokhalamo ndikulimbikitsa anthu omwe akukhalabe kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, mwinamwake kupyolera mu kugonana, kuphatikizapo ena avenues.
Kwa malo ogona, chiopsezo pazochitikazi ndi chakuti mamembala omwe ali ndi nkhawa angapereke chilango kapena kudandaula ndi dipatimenti ya boma ku boma lomwe limayang'anira kutsata kumalo osungirako okalamba ngati sagwirizana ndi momwe malowa amachitira ubalewu. M'malo moona kuti ubalewo ndi chisankho chomwe chimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wabwino, amatha kuona kuti malowa alephera kuteteza wokhalamo osatetezeka ndipo ayenera kuchepetsa kuyanjana kapena kulepheretsa chiyanjano kuti chichitike.
Zatsopano ndi Kukhazikitsa Ubale
Kodi ndi mgwirizano wokhazikitsidwa womwe anthu onse adalowa mwadzidzidzi musanafike poyambitsa matenda a 'dementia' ndipo tsopano amakhalabe, kapena ndi ubale watsopano? Kawirikawiri, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano usanafike pokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu chaumtima kumapangitsa chisankho kukhala chosavuta-osati chifukwa chakuti nkhanza sizingatheke muukwati (kapena ubale weniweni) -koma chifukwa chisankho chokhala mu chiwerewere chinapangidwa pamene Kulingalira kwaumunthu kunalibe kukaikira.
Pamene chiyanjano chatsopano chikupangidwa pambuyo poti matenda a dementia alipo, funso lakuti, "Kodi iwo angakhale akuchita izi ngati alibe dementia?" nthawi zambiri amafunsidwa. Kapena, "Iye sakanakhala naye paubwenzi wapamtima asanakumbukire kukumbukira kwake." Iye akanakhala wamanyazi kwambiri. "
Ngati uli ndi ubale watsopano, kodi ziganizo ndi zosankha za munthu zomwe zidachitikazo ziyenera kuganiziridwa? Ngakhale akatswiri ena amasonyeza kuti zomwe munthu amakonda komanso zomwe amakhulupirira kale zimakhudza zisankho zankhaninkhani, ena amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayese munthuyo pokhapokha atadziwa zomwe zisankho, zosankha zawo ndi zosowa zawo zilipo, ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino.
Kutanthauzira Kugwirizana Kwa Malamulo ndi State kapena Federal Surveyors
Imodzi mwa zovuta pakuyankha maubwenzi amenewa ngati ichitika kunyumba yosungirako anthu okalamba ndi momwe afukufuku (omwe ali ndi udindo woyang'anira kutsata ndondomeko zaumoyo) adzamasulira mkhalidwewo.
Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe choyendera cha kachitidwe kafukufuku, ofufuza osiyana awiri akhoza kufika pamaganizo awiri osiyana pa zochitika zomwezo, poganiza kuti akuchita zabwino powateteza anthu komanso kulemekeza ufulu wawo wosankha.
Wofufuza wina angaganize kuti malowa adalephera kuteteza wokhala nawo kugonana chifukwa chosowa chitsimikizo chakuti wokhalapo angavomereze, motero kumaliza kuti wogwiriridwayo akugwiriridwa. Wosakafukufuku wina angaganize kuti malowa sanathe kuteteza ufulu wa wokhalamo kuti asankhe ndi kusangalala ndi moyo wabwino mwa kukhala ndi ubale wapamtima, wapamtima ngati chiyanjano chinali chitagwiritsidwa koma sichiloledwa. Nthawi zambiri zipangizo zimayikidwa pamasewero odziwikiratu a momwe ofufuzawo angatanthauzire mkhalidwe.
Ena amanena kuti ufulu wochita chiwerewere uyenera kusungidwa pokhapokha umboni ulipo wosonyeza kuti suli wogwirizana. Ena amaonetsetsa kuti okhudzidwawo ayenera kutsimikizira kuti akuvomerezana ndi chiyanjanocho, chifukwa lamulo likufuna kuvomereza.
Mlandu wa Malamulo Wophatikiza Chivomerezo cha Ntchito Yogonana ndi Dementia
Mu 2015, banjali linapanga nkhani chifukwa cha funso lomweli la kukhoza kuvomereza kugonana. Amuna awiri-Henry ndi Donna Rayhons ankakhala ku Iowa ndipo anakwatirana mu 2007 atakumana pambuyo pake. Patapita zaka zingapo, Donna anayamba matenda a Alzheimer's.
Mwamunayo mwangozi wa 2014, pamene Henry Rayhons, wa zaka 78, adatsutsidwa chifukwa chochitira nkhanza mkazi wake kunyumba yosungirako anthu okalamba kumene adakhala chifukwa cha chifuwa chake.
Rayhons anatsutsa kuti iye sanagonane ndi mkazi wake usiku umenewo koma ananena kuti anapsompsonana ndi kukhudzirana. Ananenanso kuti iye anayamba kugonana nthawi ndi nthawi. Kunyumba yosungirako okalamba kumene mkazi wake amakhala, komabe anaganiza kuti sangagwirizane ndi kugonana ndipo adafotokozera apolisi nkhaniyo atamva kuti kugonana kwachitika pakati pa awiriwa.
Pambuyo pake, mlanduwu unapita ku khoti ndipo, pambuyo pa maumboni ndi kuyankhulana, bwalo la milandu linapeza Rayhons alibe mlandu. Komabe, nkhaniyi inayambitsa mafunso ambiri okhudzana ndi kugonana pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo, kuphatikizapo momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu yothetsera kuvomereza komanso amene ayenera kuchita zimenezo.
Kodi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malangizo Oyenera Kugonana Kumagwiritsidwa Ntchito?
Mu Alabama Law Review , Alexander A. Boni-Saenz akukambirana za kulola anthu kupanga zolemba zomwe zikufotokoza zosankha zawo zokhudzana ndi kugonana ngati akakhala opanda nzeru. Mwachitsanzo, wina anganene kuti akufuna kupitiriza kuchita zogonana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wawo pamtima wawo. Maganizo akuluakulu a iwo omwe amachirikiza lingaliroli ndikuteteza ufulu wochita zinthu zogonana zomwe zimagwirizanitsa, nthawi zambiri mu mgwirizano wapadera, komanso kupeŵa kuthekera kwa mlandu wotsutsa chifukwa cholephera kuganiza.
Otsutsana ndi lingaliro limeneli amasonyeza kuti pamene wina angafune kuti asungidwe bwino pamene malingaliro ake ali otheka, akhoza kuchita mosiyana pamene kuzindikira kwake kwatha. Matenda a Alzheimers ndi dementias ena angasinthe umunthu ndikuwonjezera nkhawa kapena kusokonezeka. Mwalamulo, funsolo lingatchulidwe monga zosankha ndi zosankha za panokha ndi za umunthu wam'tsogolo. Kulongosola zomwe zingakhale zopindulitsa ndi zofunidwa kuti tikhalebe ndi moyo wabwino m'tsogolomu zimakhala zovuta pamene matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu adwale maganizo a m'maganizo angasinthe zokonda, zakuthupi ndi chidwi.
Mawu Ochokera
Vutoli likuwunikira kufunikira kwa malo osungirako okalamba ndi malo ena osamalirako kuti alembe bwino kufufuza, kufotokozera ndi kukhazikitsidwa komweko pokhudzana ndi ubale pakati pa anthu omwe, kapena onse awiri, ali ndi matenda a maganizo. Ndondomekozi zingathe kutsogolera maofesi pazochita zawo ndikupereka nzeru kwa ofufuza kuti amvetsetse zowona pazomwe akufunira pamene akukambirana izi.
Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsira ntchito vutoli ndikusowa zambiri osati malamulo okha. Kukhala ndi njira yolumikizana ndi anthu a m'banja mwanu ndikofunika kwambiri pokwaniritsa zosowa zomwe akukhala ndikukhala ndi mafunso ovuta monga chilolezo cha ubale wapamtima.
Pomalizira, malo ogwira ntchito amafunika kudziŵa anthu okhalamo-kuphatikizapo ntchito zawo zamaganizo ndi ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo wawo ukhale wapamwamba-kotero kuti pamene izi zikuchitika, chisankho chilichonse chimangoganizira payekha ndipo chiri chodziwikiratu chokhudzidwa chake.
Nkhaniyi sayenera kuphatikizidwa monga malangizo alamulo. Onani woweruza yemwe ali mwapadera mderali kuti apereke uphungu walamulo.
> Zotsatira:
> Pulogalamu yamakono. Kugonana, Kuvomerezeka ndi Dementia. April 15, 2015. http://www.thehastingscenter.org/Bioethicsforum/Post.aspx?id=7378&blogid=140
> Nyumba Yachihebri ku Riverdale. April 2013. Ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko zokhudzana ndi kugonana pa Nyumba ya Ahebri ku Riverdale.
> Hegde S, Ellajosyula R. Nkhani zofunikira ndi kupanga chisankho muumtima waumtima. Annals wa Indian Academy of Neurology . 2016; 19 (Suppl 1): S34-S39. lembani: 10.4103 / 0972-2327.192890.
> New York Times. April 22, 2015. Mayi wa Iowa Anapeza Wosayanjananso ndi Mkazi Wake ndi Alzheimer's. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/23/health/iowa-man-found-not-guilty-of-sexually-abusing-wife-with-alzheimers.html?_r=0
> Sosaiti ya Post-yovuta komanso ya Nthawi yayitali Mankhwala Othandiza. March 19, 2016. Mphamvu ya Kugonana Kwachiwerewere ku Dementia Mu Nthawi Zakale. https://paltc.org/amda-white-papers-and-resolution-position-statements/capacity-sexual-consent-dementia-long-term-care
> Padziko Lonse la Zakale. 2011. Malo Otsiriza: Chotsogolera ku matenda a maganizo, kugonana, chiyanjano ndi khalidwe la chiwerewere muchisamaliro cha mabanja. http://www.ilcuk.org.uk/index.php/publications/publication_details/the_last_taboo_a_guide_to_dementia_sexuality_intimacy_and_sexual_behaviour
> Weinberg Center ndi Nyumba Yachihebri ku Riverdale. 2011. Kupweteka kapena kugwirizana. Okalamba Achikulire Ogonana.http: //www.riverspringhealth.org/uploads/ckeditor/files/sexualconsentguidelines.pdf