Kodi Odwala Maganizo a Nthenda Amaganiza Bwanji za Kufooka?
Pamene wina ali wofooka, akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo amayesera kudziwa komwe komweko kuli kofooka. Njira zina zonse zodziwira chifukwa cha zofooka zitsatire izi. Kupeza molondola gwero la vutoli kungakhale kovuta ndipo kumafuna luso lapadera, koma pogwiritsira ntchito mfundo zina zofunika, kufunsa mafunso oyenera ndi kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane, katswiri wa zamaganizo amatha kupeza malo omwe amachokera kufooka.
Zotsatira zotsatirazi ndizongopeka chabe zomwe akatswiri a m'maganizo amaphunzitsidwa kuchita pamene ayesa munthu amene ali wofooka. Ngakhale izi zingakuthandizeni kumvetsa zomwe dokotala akuyesera kuti akwaniritse pokufunsani mafunso ndi kufufuza, nkhaniyi siyikuthandizani kuti muyambe kufufuza bwinobwino. Kufooka kukhoza kukhala vuto lalikulu, makamaka ngati likufalikira kuphatikizapo minofu yomwe ikupuma. Ngakhale mavuto ena a ubongo monga kupweteka nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala oopsa, zofooka zosawerengeka zenizeni ziyenera kufufuza nthawi zonse ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino.
Pokambirana zafooka ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo, ndikofunikira kudziwa tanthauzo la mawu oti "ofooka." Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "ofooka" kutanthawuza "otopa" kapena "otopa," koma ngakhale pamene wina ali wotopa ndipo amayesera molimba momwe angathere kukweza chinachake, amathabe kuchita zimenezi. Zofooka zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri matenda a m'maganizo ndi pamene thupi silingathenso kukweza kapena kukana kanthu kamene kamatha kale, mwachitsanzo ngati galoni la mkaka mwadzidzidzi limawoneka mapaundi 50.
Ichi ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, chifukwa ngakhale pafupifupi matenda aliwonse, kuphatikizapo chimfine, amachititsa munthu kumva kuti ndi wofooka, zovuta zochepa zimapangitsa munthu kukhala wofooka kwenikweni - ndipo mavuto ambiri akhoza kuopseza moyo.
Momwe Ubongo Umalongosolera Minofu Kuti Zilimbane
Kuthamanga ndi mphamvu zonse kumadalira chizindikiro cha magetsi chomwe chimachokera pamwamba pa ubongo pansi pamtsempha wa msana, kumene mitsempha imalankhulana (synapse) mu nyanga yam'mwamba ya chingwe ndi mitsempha yomwe imachoka msana ndikupita ku minofu .
Kumeneko mitsempha imagwirizananso kachiwiri pamagulu a neuromuscular, kutumiza neurotransmitter acetylcholine kuti adziwe minofu kuti agwirizane. Calcium imathamangira njira zamtengo wapatali, ndipo nsonga za minofu zimachepetseratu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ikhale yochepa. Zizindikiro zosavuta zamatenda zimatulutsanso zomwe zimachitika kumbuyo kwa msana wamtsempha kuti zisawononge minofu yosiyana kuchokera panthawi imodzimodziyo ndikugwirizananso, kuti pakhale mphamvu yowuma. Mwachitsanzo, ngati bicep ikuyesera kusinthasintha mkono wake pamlingo, sizingakhale zopweteka ngati panthawi imodzimodziyo amayesa kuwongolera mkono - kawirikawiri ndivoural loop chizindikiro amavomereza kupumula pa bicep fxion.
Mitsempha ya msana nthawi zambiri imakhala yotetezedwa nthawi zonse kuchokera mu ubongo, kusunga minofu kumasuka. Pachifukwachi, ngati chizindikiro pakati pa ubongo ndi mitsempha ya palimodzi chitatha, pakapita kanthawi pangakhale kuwonjezeka kolimba ndi kugwedezeka kotsitsimutsa pamlingo wokhudzidwa. Izi zimadziwika kuti zida zapamwamba zamtundu wa neuroni. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kufufuza kwapansi kwa mpweya wotchedwa neuron kumaphatikizirapo kuphatikiza ndi fasiculations . Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti, povulala mwamphamvu kapena kupwetekedwa, zida zapamwamba zamtundu wa mitsempha sizingatheke pomwepo, ndipo adokotala ayenerabe kukayikira kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kapena msana.
Mwachidule, njira yoyamba yodziwira chifukwa chake munthu ali wofooka ndiyo kuyerekeza zotsatira zapamwamba ndi zapansi zotulukira mpweya, ndikudziwa ngati vuto liri ndi dongosolo la mitsempha lozungulira kapena ubongo wamkati (ubongo ndi msana).
Kupeza Chilonda M'kati mwa Nkhanza Yamkati
Ngati pali zowona zapamwamba zomwe zimapezeka pamtundu wofufuza za ubongo, madokotala angapitirize kufufuza za ubongo ndi msana, pofufuza zizindikiro zina zingathe kuwunikira kwambiri malo omwe alipo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina ali ndi chiwindi pansi pa mlingo wina pa khosi, izi zikusonyeza kuti ali ndi vuto ndi khola la msana.
Ngati ali ndi vuto lomwe liri ndi nkhope (makamaka ngati ndi theka la nkhope), vutoli likhoza kukhala mu ubongo kapena ubongo. Chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, magetsi amayenda pansi pa ubongo. Kotero ngati mwendo wamanja wa munthu uli wofooka, zingakhale zovuta kumbali yoyenera ya msana wa msana kapena mbali ya kumanzere ya ubongo.
Kupeza Vuto Panthawi Yopanda Nkhawa
Kufooka chifukwa cha vuto ndi dongosolo la mitsempha lapachiŵeni limatha chifukwa cha mavuto ndi mitsempha yapakati, mitsempha ya neuromuscular, kapena minofu.
Mitsempha yowonongeka imatha kuonongeka ndi matenda, matenda opatsirana, komanso kawirikawiri ndi kutsekera m'magawo ang'onoang'ono monga foramina , kumene amachokera msana. Mwina zitsanzo zambiri zimakhala ndi radiculopathies , goli la tenisi kapena carpal tunnel syndrome. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti mitsempha yamagetsi iwonongeke popanda kupangitsa kuti munthu asaphedwe ndi osowa, koma amatha kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya Guillain-Barré syndrome , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis komanso matenda opatsirana amtundu wa multifocal.
Mitsempha ya neuromuscular ingakhudzidwe ndi poizoni kapena matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lisamayende bwino. Mwachitsanzo, poizoni ya botulinum imateteza mpweya wotuluka m'mitsempha. Mu myasthenia gravis , mamolekyu amtundu wa mitsempha ya minofu imayesedwa ndi chitetezo cha thupi, choncho sangathe kumanga neurotransmitter acetylcholine itatulutsidwa.
Pali matenda osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana (myopathies) omwe angapangitse kufooka. Kawirikawiri zofooka zimakhudza mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi mofanana, monga momwe zilili mu polymyositis, koma nthawi zina izi siziyenera kukhala choncho. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza thupi myositis ndilo chifukwa chofala cha kufooketsa kwa minofu komwe kawirikawiri kumapangidwira.
Zina Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Odwala Matenda a Edzi
Kuphatikiza pa kupeza malowa, akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo amagwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso chokhudza zofooka, ndi momwe zimafalikira, kuti adziwe chifukwa chake. Mwachitsanzo, kupwetekedwa mtima kumabwera mofulumira kwambiri, koma kudwala matendawa kungatenge miyezi kuti ikule. Chitsanzo cha kufalikiranso ndi chofunika: Mwachitsanzo, matenda a Guillain-Barre, amayamba kumapazi ndikufalikira mmwamba, pamene poizoni ya botulinum imayambitsa zofooka zomwe zimachokera pamwamba pa thupi.
Chiwerengero cha mavuto azachipatala omwe amachititsa kufooka ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Kuzindikira malo a vutoli, ndi chitsanzo chokhudzana ndi zofooka, zingathandize madokotala kuti adziwe kupyolera mundandanda wautali wa mavuto omwe angapeze kupeza chowonadi chenicheni. Kumbukirani kuti kufooka kosatsimikizirika kuyenera kufufuzidwa ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino.
Zotsatira:
Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy Kupyolera M'zipatala. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams ndi Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.