Zizindikiro za extrapyramidal (EPS) ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala mu dongosolo la thupi la thupi lathu lomwe limayambitsa kayendedwe kosasamala kapena kosayendetsa. Zizindikirozi zingakhale m'malo osiyanasiyana m'thupi kuphatikizapo thunthu, mikono, miyendo, mapazi, khosi, pakamwa, ndi maso.
Mukamayang'ana munthu wina yemwe ali ndi EPS, malingana ndi zizindikiro zake, mumatha kuona wina akusunthira thupi lawo, akugwedeza phazi kapena mwendo nthawi zambiri, akuwombera milomo yawo kapena kutsegula lilime lawo pozungulira.
Mutha kuona kuti akuvutika ndi kukhala ndi malo abwino kapena kuyenda bwino.
The extrapyramidal motor dongosolo ndi maukonde a neural omwe ali mu ubongo omwe akuphatikizidwa mu kuyendetsa ndi kuyendetsa kayendedwe kuphatikizapo kuyambira ndi kuyima kwa kayendetsedwe kake komanso kulamulira momwe kulimbika ndi kuthamangira kusuntha kuli. Choncho, zizindikiro za extrapyramidal ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimadziwonetsera ngati kusowa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Nchiyani Chimachititsa EPS?
EPS ndi imodzi mwa zotsatira zowonjezereka za mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic . Mankhwala a antipsychotic-monga dzina limveka-amachiza (kapena, ali "anti") mavuto a maganizo. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia omwe akukumana ndi zolakwika . Ayeneranso kuitanitsa "off-label" (osati ntchito yomwe inavomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration) kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer ndi ena odwala matenda a maganizo omwe ali ndi makhalidwe ovuta kwambiri monga chiwawa ndi kusokonezeka kwakukulu .
EPS ikhoza kuyamba mofulumira mutatha mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic kapena angathe kuyamba pambuyo pa mankhwalawa atatenga miyezi yambiri.
Zizindikiro za extrapyramidal zimakhala zofala kwambiri ndi mankhwala akuluakulu ochiritsira antipsychotics monga chlorpromazine (Thorazine), thioridazine (Mellaril) ndi haloperidol (Haldol) .
Zizindikirozi sizodziwika kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amatenga antipsychotics atsopano monga atitiapine (Seroquel), risperidone (Risperdal) ndi olanzapine (Zyprexa) .
Zizindikiro za Extrapyramidal Side Effects
- Kusuntha kosasunthika
- Mitambo ndi kukhwima
- Kutsegula thupi
- Kupweteka kwa minofu
- Chithunzi chofanana ndi mask
- Kusuntha kosasunthika kwa diso lomwe limatchedwa oculogyric crisis
- Kudzetsa
- Kusokoneza
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mtima
- Delirium
Kuwunika kwa Zizindikiro za Extrapyramidal
Ngati wina akulandira mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic, ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti apeze EPS. Madokotala ena amafufuza za EPS pogwiritsa ntchito lipoti lochokera kwa munthu kapena wa m'banja lake, komanso zomwe adziwona. Ena amadalira miyeso yowonetsera yokonzedwa bwino kuti ayang'anire bwinobwino EPS. Zitsanzo zitatu za masikelo amenewo ndi Zomwe Zimakhala Zosintha Zowonongeka (AIMS), Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) ndi Dyskinesia Identification System: Chiwerengero cha Opaleshoni (DISCUS).
Kuchiza kwa Zizindikiro za Extrapyramidal
Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza EPS mwamsanga ndikofunika. EPS chifukwa zotsatira zake zingakhale zamuyaya mwa anthu ena.
Njira yoyamba yothandizira mankhwala a extrapyramidal omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha mankhwala ochepetsa antipsychotic ndi kuchepetsa ndi kusiya kumwa mankhwala ndikuyesa mankhwala ena.
Dokotala wanu angathenso kuganizira zoopsa ndi phindu la mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ndi kuika mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti ayesetse kulimbana ndi EPS ngati zimamveka kuti mankhwala ophera antipsychotic anali ofunikira kwambiri.
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic kuti athetse anthu ndi dementia
Chifukwa cha zotsatira zowopsa, mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic samalimbikitsa ngati chithandizo cha makhalidwe ovuta kwa akulu achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo. Njira zopanda mankhwala ziyenera kukhala njira yoyamba yosamalira makhalidwe awa .
Komabe, ngati munthu amene ali ndi matenda a 'dementia' akuvutika maganizo chifukwa akukumana ndi zinyengo, kapena ngati akudziyika yekha kapena ena pangozi ndi chiwawa chosalamulirika, chithandizo ndi antipsychotic chiyenera kukhala choyenera.
Kuwunika kwa EPS ndi zotsatira zina ndizofunika makamaka makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo a Lewy omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chotengera mankhwalawa.
> Zotsatira:
> American Geriatrics Society. Mtsogoleli wotsogoleredwa ndi Matenda a Psychotic ndi Symptoms of Neuropsychiatric ya Dementia mu Okalamba Achikulire. April 2011.
> Schizophrenia Research . September 15, 2005. Vuto 77, Nkhani 2-3, masamba 119-128. Kusintha kwachilendo kosayembekezereka (AIMS) ndi Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS): Kuyerekezera Pakati pa Kuyeza Tardive Dyskinesia.
> University of Central Florida. Neural Pathways.
-Edited by Esther Heerema, MSW