Chimene Chimachititsa Khansa Yachilendo, ndi momwe Imawunikira ndi Kutengedwa
Kodi khansara ndi chiyani? Kodi ndizofanana ndi khansa ya khan kapena khansa yamtundu ? Nchiyani chimayambitsa khansara ya rectal? Kodi zizindikiro ndi chiyani?
Izi ndi mafunso omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo okhudzana ndi khansara. Phunzirani mayankho a mafunso awa ndi ena, pansipa.
Tanthauzo
Khansa yoopsa ndi mtundu wa khansara yomwe imayamba m'kati mwake, mamita asanu ndi limodzi otsiriza m'mimba mwake.
Monga ziwalo zina m'thupi, kachilomboka kamakhala kovuta ku matenda ambiri, monga khansa. Khansara yosiyana imasiyana ndi khansa ya khansa, yomwe imatchula khansa yomwe ili m'chigawo pakati pa rectum ndi kunja kwa thupi. Matenda a kansa ya coloni ndi khansa yoyipa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha, zambiri zomwe mungawone zokhudza khansara ya colon zimakhudzana ndi kansa ya khansa. Koma kansa ya m'magazi imasiyana ndi khansa imene imapezeka pamwamba, makamaka pankhani ya kuchiza matendawa ndi opaleshoni.
Popeza khansara ya khansa ndi khansa yomwe ili pamwamba pa coloni nthawi zambiri imapangidwira pamodzi, n'zovuta kudziŵa zenizeni za khansara, makamaka. Koma khansara ya colon ndiyo yachitatu yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa pakati pa amuna komanso chifukwa chachitatu chimene chimayambitsa matenda a kansa kwa amayi ku United States. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa malo a rectum mkati mwa matumbo akuluakulu.
Zifukwa ndi Zoopsa
Asayansi sadziŵa chomwe chimayambitsa khansara, koma amadziwa chomwe chimaonjezera chiopsezo cha munthu kuti adziwe. Zowopsa za khansa ya m'magazi ndizo:
- Kukhala wamkulu kuposa 50.
- Mbiri ya banja kapena mbiri yaumwini ya khansa yamtunda. Koma kumbukirani: Munthu samasowa mbiri ya banja la khansara ya colon kuti akhalenso ndi khansa ya rectal; kawirikawiri amapezeka mwa iwo omwe alibe mbiri ya banja. Zimaganiziridwa kuti 25% ya khansa ya coloni imakhala ndi chibadwa chogwirizana .
- Mbiri yaumwini ya mitundu ina ya mapulotoni a phuloni (zochepa zochepa mu coloni).
- Kusuta-mwina panopa kapena kale.
Zizindikiro
Poyamba, kansa ya khansa nthawi zambiri imakhalabe ndi zizindikiro. Pamene matendawa akupita, zomwe zingatenge zaka, zizindikiro za khansara ya m'kati mwake ndizo:
- Magazi mu chitseko : Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, kuphatikizapo magazi omwe ali muchitetezo chomwe chikugwirizana ndi khansa yomwe ili pamwamba pa coloni (magazi chifukwa cha mitundu imeneyo ya khansa ingawoneke yakuda wakuda kapena wakuda).
- Zovuta za m'mimba : Kukanikiza kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena kusintha kwa matumbo.
- Zozizira: Zojambula zomwe zimafotokozedwa ngati "pensulo ngati" kapena zochepa zimachitika pamene chotupa mu rectum chimalepheretsa mbali ya ngalande.
- Kutayika kosayembekezereka: Kuwonongeka kosalemberana kosayembekezereka kumatanthauzidwa ngati kutayika kwa ulemelero wa 5% pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka 12, ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha khansara yotsatira.
- Kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba: Izi zingaphatikizepo kupweteka, chifundo, kapena kupweteka.
- Kutopa kwachibadwa: Mumatopa kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse, ngakhale mukugona bwino.
- Matenda a m'mimba: Pamene kansa ya m'magazi imayambitsa matenda aakulu, magazi amayamba kuchepa, chizindikiro choyambirira chikhoza kukhala nthenda ya magazi m'thupi kapena zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi , kutopa, kapena khungu.
Kuwunika
Njira zambiri zowononga khansa zimakhala zogwira mtima pozindikira khansa ya m'magazi.
Mayendedwe a kansalu ndi a kansalu ndi a:
- Colonoscopy: Colonoscopy imalola dokotala kudziwa mozama za colon ndi colonoscope, chubu-optic tube yomwe imagwiritsidwa ndi kamera kakang'ono kwambiri kamene imatumiza kanema yamoyo kumalo oyang'ana. Colonoscope imalowetsedwa mwaulemu mu anus ndi pang'onopang'ono kupita mu colon, ndikupatsa dokotala chiwonetsero chonse cha matumbo ndi matumbo akuluakulu.
- Sigmoidoscopy: Mofanana ndi colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy imachitika ndi chubu chosasinthika, chowongolera ndi kamera yosakanikirana, koma chimangokhala mbali yokha ya colon.
- Barium Enema: Panthawi ya barium enema, dokotala amapereka madzi a Barium mu rectum. X-ray imatengedwa ndi wodwalayo pamene iye amagona m'malo osiyanasiyana. The barium amalola colon kuti aziwoneka bwino pa x-ray.
- Mayeso a Magazi a Fecal: Kuyesedwa kwa mwazi wamatsenga (FOBT) kumapeza magazi muchitetezo chako kuti iwe usawone ndi maso kapena umatsimikizira kuti kwenikweni ndi magazi mu mpando umene iwe udawawona. Mukupatsidwa chida chapadera kuti musonkhanitse zitsulo.
Kwa akulu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi kansa yamtundu kapena khansa, ndibwino kuti ayambe kuyesedwa pazaka 50. Akulu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa amafunika kuyamba kuyang'ana pa msinkhu wawo pampando wawo dokotala. Kumbukirani: Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro za khansara, muyenera kutsata ndondomeko za dokotala wanu.
Kudziwa
Ngati kuyesa kuyesa kukuwunikira zotsatira zowopsya, ndiye kuti chiwonongeko cha coloni chachitika. Chiwonongeko cha colon chingakhoze kuchitika pa colonoscopy kapena opaleshoni. Pakati pa chidziwitso chamtundu, zigawo zing'onozing'ono zamatenda zimachotsedwa ndipo zimatumizidwa ku labata la masewera kuti ziwonetseke za khansa. Ngati khansa ilipo, ndiye kuti siteji ya kansa ya rectal imatsimikizika pa opaleshoni yomwe ikuchitidwa pofuna kuchotsa khansa. Zozungulira zam'mimba zimayesedwa ndipo zingachotsedwe pa opaleshoni.
Kuyezetsa kwina kungatheke kuti muwone ngati khansara yatha kapena imafalikira.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha kansa ya m'magazi chidzadalira pa siteji ya matenda, komanso zinthu zina monga malo omwe ali ndi zotupa ndi thanzi lanu lonse.
Kuchita Opaleshoni : Kumayambiriro koyambirira ya kansa yamagazi, opaleshoni ikhoza kukhala njira yokhayo yothandizira. Pali njira zingapo zopaleshoni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mitsempha ya khansa ya khansa. Mtundu wa opaleshoni umene wasankha umadalira thanzi la wodwalayo, siteji ya khansa ya rectal, ndi malo a chotupa. Kwa iwo omwe sali oyenerera opaleshoni, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation angakhale osankha, koma nthawi zambiri si othandiza.
Chemotherapy: Ichi ndichizolowezi chofala cha khansara ya rectal. Ziwalo m'thupi zimapangidwa ndi maselo omwe amagawanika ndikuchulukitsa monga thupi likufunira. Pamene maselowa akupitiriza kuchulukana mosafunika, zotsatira zake ndi misa kapena kukula, komwe kumatchedwanso chotupa. Mankhwala a chemotherapy amagwira ntchito pochotsa maselo obwera mobwerezabwerezawa. Chemotherapy ya kansa ya rectal ingapangidwe mwina musanayambe opaleshoni kapena musanayambe opaleshoni ndipo inunso mungaperekedwe mogwirizana ndi mankhwala opatsirana.
Thandizo la mankhwala: Ichi ndi njira ina yothandizira khansa ya rectal. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya magetsi amphamvu kwambiri kuti asamafe ndi kutulutsa maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti DNA iwonongeke. Pakati pa khansa ya m'magazi, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa angaperekedwe musanachite opaleshoni kuti athetsere zotupa zazikulu. Ikhoza kuperekedwanso mogwirizana ndi chemotherapy.
Kupewa
Kuyezetsa khansa nthawi zonse ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muteteze khansa ya rectal. Kuwunika kungathe kuzindikira kukula kosavuta kuti asapite patsogolo. Kumbukirani kuti zimatengera zaka kuti khansara ipite patsogolo, kotero kuwonetsa kachitidwe kawiri kawiri kumatha kuzindikira kusintha kumeneku asanatenge khansa.
Kupewa ziwopsezo za khansa ya coloni kungachepetse mwayi wanu wodwala matendawa. Kudya chakudya choyenera ndikofunika, komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi kusiya kusuta.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Khansa yolondola. Kusinthidwa 01/20/16. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/detailedguide/colorectal-cancer-risk-zigawo
> National Cancer Institute. Kuchiza Khansa Yachilendo - Othandizira Zaumoyo PDQ). Kusinthidwa 01/29/16. http://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/hp/rectal-treatment-pdq