Zachidule za Khansa Yoyamba
Khansara yeniyeni ndi mawu omwe amatanthauza khansa yomwe imapezeka mu khola ndi / kapena rectum . Khansara mu utomoni umawoneka pamene maselo omwe amayendetsa mtundu wa colon amatate ndikuyamba kukula mosalekeza. Mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'koloni imayamba pamene ziphuphu m'matumbo amkati zimatchedwa kukula.
Mapuloteni akhoza kukhala odwala khansa ndi kufalikira kudzera mu colon ndi ziwalo ndi nyumba pafupi. Komabe, ngati mapepala amapezeka ndi kuchotsedwa-omwe amachitika mosavuta pa colonoscopy - alibe mwayi wotsutsa khansa.
> Onetsetsani momwe mapepala amasonyezera mu colon.
Khansara ya Colon ndi khansa yachitatu yofala kwambiri ku United States, chifukwa chake US USSTSTF Task Force (USPSTF) imalimbikitsa kuyang'anira anthu onse a zaka zoposa 50 ndi wina aliyense amene ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo, khansa ya coloni imatenga nthawi yaitali kuti ikule. Kwa omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu, monga omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana (IBD) , kufufuza kungakhale kofunika kwambiri ndipo ayenera kukambirana ndi gastroenterologist.
Khansara yeniyeni ingayambe paliponse mu colon. Fomu yofala kwambiri imatchedwa adenocarcinoma ndipo imaphatikizapo maselo omwe amayendera matumbo ndi kumasula madzi.
Mawu omaliza
Mawu akuti "khansa yofiira" ndi "khansa yamtunda" ikhoza kusokoneza chifukwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana. Izi zimachitika ku ofesi ya dokotala, muzolemba zolembedwa kwa odwala, komanso mu mapepala ofufuzira olembedwa kwa madokotala. Mawu akuti " khansara yamadzimadzi " amamveka bwino - kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza khansara mu rectum, yomwe ndi gawo lotsiriza la matumbo akuluakulu komanso yogwirizana ndi anus.
Khansa ya Colon ndi khansa ya rectal nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kufufuza kapena kuyezetsa mankhwala kuchokera pamene mitundu iwiriyi ili ndi zikhalidwe zambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndipo kachilomboka ndi gawo la colon.
Komabe, pokambirana za matenda a khansa yamtundu wa khansa kapena khansa ya rectal ndi dokotala, nkofunika kumvetsetsa kuti khansayo ili pati komanso kuti siteji ya khansa ndi yotani. Zomwezi zidzakhudza chisankho cha mankhwala.
Anatomy ya Colon
Kagawuni ndi gawo la colon, ndipo ziwalo zonse pamodzi zimatchedwa matumbo akuluakulu. Ng'ombeyo ili pafupi ndi mimba ya mimba ndipo ili pafupi mamita asanu m'litali. Ng'ombeyo imagawidwa m'magawo angapo:
- Akukwera koloni
- Chitsulo chosinthika
- Kutsika kumtunda
- Sigmoid colon
Mphunoyi imakhala yaitali masentimita 6 mpaka 12 ndipo imakhala pakati pa sigimoid colon ndi anus . Chophimba chimasungidwa mu rectum mpaka itakonzeka kuchotsedwa kuchokera ku thupi kudzera mu gulu la matumbo .
Komanso, colon ingathenso kuyankhulidwa kuti ili ndi zigawo ziwiri: choyambira ndi distal. Choyambira ndicho gawo loyambirira lomwe limagwiriridwa ndi matumbo aang'ono (kupyolera mu valve) ndipo distal ndi gawo lachiwiri limene limamangirizidwa ku rectum.
Kuyenda kwaulendo kuchoka ku colon yoyenda kupita ku distal colon mpaka rectum ndi kusiya thupi kudzera anus.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a IBD omwe ali ndi vutoli ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a khansa. Kukhala ndi mphamvu IBD mu colon kwa nthawi yaitali kungapangitse ngoziyi. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi IBD, sangakhale ndi khansa yamtundu.
Zowopsa
Pali zifukwa zingapo zoopsya zomwe zimakhudzana ndi khansa yapadera. Zina sizingasinthe pamene zina zingathe kuthandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo . Zinthu zoterezi zikuphatikizapo:
- Zaka zoposa 50
- Colon mapepala
- Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso
- Achibale omwe ali ndi khansa ya coloni
- Kukhala ndi IBD (Crohn's disease ndi ulcerative colitis)
- Zakudya zamtengo wapatali, zotsika kwambiri
- Mbiri yaumwini ya khansa zina
- Kusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito fodya
Anthu omwe ali ndi IBD ayenera kukambirana za chiopsezo cha khansa ndi gastroenterologist ndikukonzekera bwino .
Kuwunika
Anthu omwe ali ndi IBD nthawi zambiri amayesa kuyesedwa, monga colonoscopy, yomwe imaphatikizapo ngati kuyang'ana khansa ya colon. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa cha chiopsezo chowonjezeka.
Komabe, palinso zosankha zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, makamaka poyesedwa mwachizoloŵezi kwa anthu omwe alibe IBD. Zina mwa mayeserowa ndi awa:
Khansara ya Colon vs. Matenda a Kansa
Khansara yeniyeni ingatanthauze khansa mu khola kapena khansara mu rectum. Komabe, pali kusiyana pakati pawo-makamaka kukhudzana ndi chithandizo ndi kulengeza-kuphatikizapo:
- Chemotherapy. Pazigawo zoyambirira za khansara ya colon (magawo 1 ndi 2 makamaka), ma radiation ndi chemotherapy sangaperekedwe. Kansalu ya khansa, chemotherapy ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale pa siteji yoyamba.
- Epidemiology. Izi zikutanthauza momwe matenda ambiri amachitikira kwa anthu ena, monga amuna ndi akazi. Amuna onse amayamba ndi khansa yamtunduwu mofanana , koma amuna amakhala ndi khansa ya rectal nthawi zambiri kuposa akazi.
- Metastasis Yambiri. Pamene khansara imafalikira kunja kwa chiwalo chimene idayambira, imatchedwa khansa ya metastatic . Khansara yoopsa imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chofalitsa ku limba lakutali kapena lymph node.
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Phunzirani za Gulu la Adenocarcinoma la Gulu la Chizindikiro cha Colon ndi Rectum
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Mitundu ya Mapulotoni a Coloni ndi Zimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Iwo
- Kupita Patsogolo Kwawo. Khansa yoopsa imakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kupita patsogolo, kutanthauza kuti ikhoza kufalikira kwa anus, chikhodzodzo, pelvis, mafupa a m'mimba, kapena ziwalo zoberekera.
- Mafunde. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa khansara yamtunduwu komanso kawirikawiri kwa khansara yamatenda. M'madera a khansa 2 kapena 3, ma radiation angagwiritsidwe ntchito pisanafike ndi pambuyo pochita opaleshoni.
- Opaleshoni. Opaleshoni yofala kwambiri ya khansa ya colon ndi resection. Iyi ndi njira yomwe gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa la colon ndi minofu iliyonse ya khansa imachotsedwa ndipo mathero amtundu wa matumbo amamangirirako palimodzi. Mu khansa yamagulu, opaleshoni imakhala yovuta kwambiri chifukwa ndi malo ovuta kufikitsa ndi kuchotsa maselo a khansa popanda kukhudza ziwalo zina.
- Ostomy. Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiliro zambiri, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya coloni safunikira kukhala ndi colostomy yosatha. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya colectomy , nkofunika kuvala chogwiritsira kunja kwa mimba kuti mutenge zinyalala. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansara ya coloni akhoza kukhala ndi colostomy yam'mbuyo, yomwe pambuyo pake imasinthidwa, ndipo mawonekedwe akunja sakufunikanso. Ndizofala kwambiri, komabe, kufunikira opaleshoni ya ostomy ngati khansara ya rectal. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati anus ayenera kuchotsedwa. Popanda izo, chophimba sichitha kuchitika mu thupi (continence).
Mawu Ochokera
Khansara yeniyeni ndi matenda ovuta kuganizira. Ndipo matenda a kansalu kapena khansa amafunika kuchitidwa mwansanga komanso kusintha kwa moyo. Komabe, chiŵerengero cha khansara yowonongeka ikuchepa ngati anthu ambiri omwe ali pachiopsezo kuti akuyang'aniridwa.
Khansara yapamwamba imatha kutetezedwa kapena kuyang'anidwa msanga ndi kuyang'ana, makamaka ndi colonoscopy. Chifukwa cha kusintha kumeneku poyang'anira ndi mankhwala omwe alipo, mankhwala opatsirana a khansa yowonongeka akukwera ngati ali ndi zaka ziwiri komanso zaka zisanu zomwe zikupulumuka. Pakali pano ntchito ya maselo ofotokoza mozama, omwe ali ndi lonjezo lopangitsa kuwonetsa mofulumira komanso mopepuka. Tsogolo labwino ndilokuletsa kupewa khansa, kuzindikira koyambirira, ndi zotsatira zabwino za mankhwala.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. "Kodi Khansa Yoyamba Ndi Yotani?" Cancer.org 20 Jan 2016.
> Bartlett DL, Chu E. "Kodi Kachilombo Kachilombo Kachilombo Kachilombo Angachiritsidwe ?" ONCOLOGY . 15 Mar 2012.
> ML, Liu J, Narra V. "Maginito Resonance Imaging Cancer Cancer." Chipatala cha Clinol Chikulire Chokwanira . 2008 Aug, 3: 178-187.
> National Cancer Institute. "Colon Cancer Treatment (PDQ) -Health Professional Version." Cancer.gov 29 Jan 2016.
> National Cancer Institute. "Rectal Cancer Treatment (PDQ) -Achilengedwe Professional Version." Cancer.gov 29 Jan 2016.