Pazaka 50 zapitazo kapena kuposa, United States yapeza zinthu zambiri zatsopano ndi zatsopano, makamaka mu chisamaliro. Ndipotu, pakhala pali chitukuko chochulukirapo mu mankhwala kuti pafupifupi nthawi yokhala ndi moyo tsopano ili pafupi zaka 80 kapena kuposerapo. Komabe, anthu ambiri akukhala motalika kwambiri kuposa izo. Chotsatira chake, padzakhala zofunikira zambiri za mapulogalamu monga Okalamba Achimereka Achimereka (OAA) kuti aziyendera limodzi ndi ukalamba wa dzikoli.
Ogwira ntchito m'madera onse a Congression m'dziko lonse lapansi, OAA imapereka ndalama zothandizira anthu akuluakulu monga chakudya pa mawilo, chithandizo chaumoyo , chithandizo , chisamaliro, chitetezo ndi kuzunza ndalama. Komanso, OAA wakhala imodzi mwa mapulogalamu othandiza kwambiri omwe atha kukhazikitsidwa. Ndipotu, otsutsa pulogalamuyi amasonyeza kuti imateteza Medicaid ndi Medicare ndalama zochuluka polola okalamba kukhalabe m'dera lawo kapena kunyumba.
Kuyang'anitsitsa OAA
Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1965 ndi Purezidenti Lyndon B. Johnson, OAA imapereka ntchito zofunika kwa akuluakulu omwe ali ovuta kwambiri. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi imodzimodziyo monga machitidwe a Medicare ndi Medicaid ndi cholinga chothandizira okalamba kukhala wathanzi komanso kunyumba kwa nthawi yaitali. Cholinga chimenechi sichimapatsa anthu okalamba kukhala mtundu wa ufulu wawo, koma amathandizanso okalamba kukhala mbali yogwira ntchito m'dera lawo malinga ndi momwe angathere.
Pachifukwachi, izi zimachepetsa ndalama zomwe zingachitike ngati okalamba sali othandizidwa. Potsirizira pake, OAA imachepetsa kulemera kwachuma pa madongosolo a Medicare ndi Medicaid pokhala ochita zinthu m'malo mochita zowonongeka pankhani ya thanzi labwino.
Pansi pa OAA, boma lirilonse limalandira ndalama molingana ndi ndondomeko yowonjezera gawo la boma la a US a zaka 60 kapena kuposerapo.
Cholinga chachikulu cha OAA ndi kupereka ntchito kwa akuluakulu powathandiza kuti "azikhala m'malo" m'nyumba zawo komanso m'madera awo monga momwe thanzi lawo limagwirira ntchito. Kawirikawiri, boma liyenera kupereka zopereka kwa anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi zosowa zachuma ndi zachuma. Amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa, anthu ochepa, komanso anthu okalamba omwe amakhala kumidzi.
Pa mapulogalamu onse a OAA, ndondomeko ya Zakudya pa Magudumu mwina ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Pansi pa pulojekitiyi, mayiko amatha kupereka chakudya cha anthu akuluakulu, omwe amachepetsa kuchepa kwa zakudya. Kuonjezera kuchepetsa njala, kuthandiza okalamba kudya ndi thanzi komanso kukhalabe odyetsedwa komanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha maulendo obwera mwadzidzidzi, popeza kuti kusoŵa zakudya m'thupi ndi kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi nthawi zambiri ndizo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti adziwe akuluakulu kuchipatala. Ndipotu, odzipereka omwe amapereka chakudya amathandizanso. Nthawi zambiri anthu okalamba amawona nthawi zonse. Kulumikizana kumeneku kumathandiza kuzindikira zenizeni zomwe mkulu angapange thandizo lina kuti zotsatira zake zisawonongeke.
Malingana ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Center for Government Effective, pa $ 1 mu ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku federal pa Zakudya za Magudumu, pali ndalama zokwana madola 50 kubwerera ku Medicaid kusungirako zokha.
Chifukwa chake, mapulogalamu a OAA monga Zakudya pa Magudumu amalola akuluakulu kuti apitirize kukhala pakhomo. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa mwayi woti okalambawa adzafuna zosankha zamankhwala zamtengo wapatali monga zipatala ndi nyumba za okalamba .
Kumene OAA Falls Mfupi
Otsatira ambiri a mapulogalamu a OAA amatsimikiza kuti OAA makamaka amapereka ndalama, makamaka pamene anthu akupitirirabe. Ndipotu, lipoti la AARP likusonyeza kuti ndalama za OAA sizikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zaka 60 kapena kuposa. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zothandizira mapulogalamu a OAA mu 2014 zinali zofanana ndi zomwe zinali mu 2004, koma anthu 60 ndi akuluakulu anakula pafupifupi 30 peresenti.
Kuchokera mu 2004 mpaka 2020, chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeka kukula ndi 55 peresenti. Chifukwa chake, pali zosowa zambiri zomwe sizikuyenda bwino.
Chotsatira ndiye kuti zosowazi ndizo "mankhwala" ndipo zimaperekedwa pazomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwala wodwala sangathe kufika pakhomo kukagulira chakudya, kapena ali wofooka kukonzekera chakudya, amatha kukhala osowa zakudya komanso kusowa madzi. Izi, zimathandizanso kuzipatala zapamwamba. Zowonjezera, popanda chithandizo choyenera chaumoyo wathanzi kapena thandizo, anthu okalamba nthawi zambiri amakakamizika kulowa m'nyumba za okalamba nthawi yayitali asanakhale.
Chitsanzo china chomwe kusowa ndalama kumayambitsa OAA ndikupereka chakudya. Malingana ndi lipoti la US Government Accountability Office (GAO) la OAA, akuluakulu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe amafunikira kusowa chakudya sanalandire. Ndipotu, GAO inapeza kuti pafupifupi 9 peresenti ya anthu okalamba omwe ali ndi ndalama zokwana 17.6 miliyoni adalandira chakudya ndipo pafupifupi 19 peresenti ya anthu okalamba omwe anali ochepa kwambiri anali chakudya chosasamala. Komanso, pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya iwo sanalandireko chakudya chamtundu uliwonse. GAO inapezanso kuti anthu ambiri a zaka zapakati pa 60 ndi zapitazo omwe anali ndi zovuta pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku analandira zosamalidwa kapena zosamalidwa ndi amayi.
Momwe OAA Akufunira Kwa Inu
Kaya mukusamalira kholo lakale kapena mukudzifunsa ngati ntchito za OAA zingakhalepo kwa inu, yambani kulankhulana ndi dera lanu laderalo pa ukalamba. Zidzakuthandizani kuzindikira zomwe inu kapena wachibale wanu mukuyenerera. Kumbukirani kuti pansi pa OAA, gawo lirilonse limapereka mapulogalamu a zakudya ndi zakudya komanso kunyumba . Nthawi zina amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala , kuthandizira kuthandizira pa ntchito zapakhomo ndi ntchito zapakhomo, maphunziro ndi maphunziro kwa mamembala, komanso kuthandizira zosowa zapamwamba. Nthaŵi zina, iwo amapereka ntchito yophunzitsira ndi kuthandizidwa ndilamulo pakakhala nkhanza kapena kuchitiridwa nkhanza.
Ngakhale ngati simukuyenerera ntchito pansi pa OAA, Area Area Agency Yakukalamba ikhoza kukutsogolerani kumapulogalamu omwe inu kapena achibale anu mukuyenerera. Kawirikawiri, mabungwe awa ndi malo okhudzana ndi zokhudzana ndi ukalamba ndipo akhoza kukuthandizani kupeza mautumiki omwe inu kapena achibale anu akusowa.
> Zotsatira:
> Fox-Grage, Wendy ndi Uivari, Kathleen. "Okalamba Achimereka a Chimereka." Insight on Issues , AARP Public Policy Institute, May 2014. https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/health/2014/the-older-americans-act-AARP-ppi-health. pdf
> Montgomery, Ann. "Achikulire Achimereka Akuchita Mu 2016: Tsogolo Lalipo Tsopano." Altaramu, April 26, 2016. https://altarum.org/health-policy-blog/the-older-americans-act-in-2016-the-future-is-now
> Government Government Accountability Office. Akulu Achimereka Amtundu: Zambiri Ziyenera Kuchitidwa Kuyeza Kutali kwa Zosowa Zopanda Ntchito . GAO-11-237, February 2011. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11237.pdf